Results of Dorsal Closing Wedge Osteotomy in Freiberg’s Disease

Introduction: Freiberg’s disease, the osteochondrosis of themetatarsal seen in our part of the world, usually at late stages,are refractory to the conservative treatment. Objective:Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate the results of dorsalclosing wedge osteotomy and pin fixation besides debridementand synovectomy.Material and Methods: Twenty patients (14 females,6 Males), mean age 19.3 years; range 14 to 26 years wereevaluated and teated by dorsal closing wedge osteotomy andpin fixation besides debridement and synovectomy, betweenseptember 2016 to 2018 at our institution. The presentingsymptoms were pain on walking or sports, limitation of dailyroutine activities, footwear problems, cosmetic deformitiesof forefoot and failed conservative treatment. Three patientshad a history of trauma. According to Smillies’s classificationtwelve patients were type IV and eight were Type V.Meanfollow-up period was 14.85 months(range 6 months to 24months).Results: Patients were assessed by the lessermetatarsophalangeal interphalangeal (LMPI) scale bykitaokaetal. At the final follow-up, scoring had changed from(44-66) with an average 54.65 to (76-100) with an average85.3. There was no case of infection, avascular necrosis,arthritis or pseudoarthrosis.Conclusion: Treatment of freiberg's disease with dorsalclosing-wedge osteotomy shows satisfactory pain relief andimprovement in quality of life

Clinics in diagnostic imaging (202). Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD)

A 14-year-old boy presented with left anterior knee pain, which was aggravated by exercise and relieved by rest. On clinical examination, there was tenderness at the tibial tuberosity with reproducible pain on resisted active extension of the knee. Radiographs showed heterotopic ossification of the patellar tendon with irregularity and fragmentation of the tibial tubercle. Clinical and radiological findings were consistent with Osgood-Schlatter disease, which is a traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle commonly occurring in adolescents. The clinical presentation and imaging features are discussed.

Microrheological Properties of Erythrocytes in Persons of the 2nd Mature Age with Osteochondrosis of the 2nd Degree

The presence of osteochondrosis in a body negatively influences many blood indices. At the given state we consider to be very interesting some peculiarities of erythrocytes’ rheological characteristics which determine the processes of microcirculation and metabolism in tissues. Detection of their state at developing osteochondrosis can help in a fuller understanding of its progression mechanisms and search of variants of the given process’ inhibition. The aim is to estimate erythrocytes’ microrheological properties in people of the second mature age with osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree. Within our research, we took 37 healthy persons of both sexes of the second mature age and also 43 people of both sexes of the same age with osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree. We applied biochemical, hematological and statistical methods of investigation. The quantity of acylhydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-products in plasma of the examined persons with osteochondrosis surpassed the control values by 38.4% and 37.4%, respectively. It was accompanied by imbalance of metabolites of arachidonic acid: the level of thromboxane B2 in their plasma rose by 30.6%, and the level of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1α lowered by 15.9%. At the same time, the quantity of nitric oxide metabolites in their plasma lowered by 23.6%. The quantity of acylhydroperoxides in their erythrocytes rose by 30.0% and malon dialdehyde – by 36.7%. The people with osteochondrosis were noted to have content lowering of erythrocytes-discocytes in blood by 12.7%. At the same time, the quantity of reversibly and irreversibly changed erythrocytes’ forms in them increased by 35.7% and in 2.5 times, respectively. Erythrocytes’ aggregative properties in people with osteochondrosis turned out to be strengthened. It was pointed by the increase of erythrocytes’ summary involvement into aggregates by 32.9% in them and number growth of these aggregates - by 33.3%. People of the second mature age with osteochondrosis of the 2nd degree are characterized by strengthening of lipid peroxidation processes in plasma and erythrocytes. It is accompanied by worsening of erythrocytes’ microrheological properties. Given changes can negatively influence the processes of microcirculation and worsen the trophism of tissues, including spinal column, what promotes progression of osteochondrosis. So, it is necessary to search the variants of inhibition of osteochondrosis progression and lowering of its manifestations’ sharpness. At the same time, it’s very important to take into account the capacities of the tested medicinal approaches. Their impact on erythrocytes’ microrheological properties can be rather great.

Patrones radiológicos normales del calcáneo en niños / Aspects radiologiques normaux du calcanéum chez l'enfant / Calcaneus Normal Radiological Patterns in Children

Introducción: en niños es frecuente el dolor en el talón luego de caminar, siendo necesario tener una radiografía convencional. No encontramos en la literatura revisada una descripción del desarrollo radiológico del calcáneo en niños. Frecuentemente se asocia la hiperdensidad y fragmentación de la apófisis posterior con la enfermedad de Sever, sin embargo, estas características se han descrito en niños asintomáticos. Objetivo: describir las características radiológicas del calcáneo en niños, según grupos etarios y especificar aquellas que se relacionan con el desarrollo del núcleo de osificación de la apófisis. Método: estudio observacional descriptivo tipo corte transversal. Población: radiografías de niños entre 5 a 15 años de edad. Se realizó una descripción radiológica y diferentes medidas para comparar entre los subgrupos. Resultados: se obtuvieron 148 radiografías, solo se identificó 1 núcleo de osificación de la apófisis posterior. El proceso de osificación y fusión fue más temprano en niñas que en niños en aproximadamente 2 años, con inicio entre 6 a 8 años y terminación entre 13 a 15 años. El patrón de osificación inició en la mitad inferior del calcáneo y continuó hacia la parte superior. En 26 por ciento de las radiografías se observaron hendiduras y la hiperdensidad fue una característica común en el 89 por ciento de estas. Conclusiones: se describen las características radiológicas normales del calcáneo en niños y la osificación del núcleo de la apófisis posterior, estableciendo diferencias por edad y sexo. El aumento de su densidad y la presencia de hendiduras son características normales y no indican enfermedad(AU)

Introduction: In children, heel pain is frequent after walking, requiring conventional radiograph. The reviewed literature did not provide a description of calcaneus radiological development in children. Hyperdensity and fragmentation of the posterior apophysis are frequently associated with Sever's disease; however, these characteristics have been described in asymptomatic children. Objective: Describe the calcaneus radiological characteristics in children, according to age groups and specify those related to the development of the apophysis ossification nucleus. Method: A descriptive observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Population: X-rays of children between 5 and 15 years of age. A radiological description and different measures were performed to compare the subgroups. Results: 148 radiographs were obtained, only one posterior apophysis ossification nucleus was identified. The ossification and fusion process was earlier in girls than in boys in approximately 2 years, starting between 6 and 8 years and ending between 13 and 15 years. The ossification pattern started in the calcaneus lower half and continued toward the top. Slots were observed in 26 percent of the radiographs and hyperdensity was a common feature in 89 percent. Conclusions: The calcaneus normal radiological characteristics in children and ossification of the nucleus of the posterior apophysis are described, establishing differences by age and sex. Increased density and the presence of clefts are normal features and do not indicate disease(AU)

Introduction: Les enfants se plaignent souvent d'une douleur au talon après la marche, ce qui demande une radiographie conventionnelle. Dans la révision de la littérature, aucune description radiologique du développement du calcanéum chez l'enfant n'a été trouvée. L'hyperdensité et la fragmentation de l'apophyse postérieure du calcanéum sont souvent associées à la maladie de Sever, mais ces caractéristiques sont aussi décrites chez l'enfant asymptomatique. Objectif: Décrire les caractéristiques radiologiques du calcanéum chez l'enfant selon tranches d'âge et définir celles qui sont associées au développement du noyau d'ossification de l'apophyse. Méthode: Étude observationnelle et descriptive type transversal. Population : Enfants âgés de 5 à 15 ans. Une description radiographique et plusieurs mesures ont été réalisées afin de comparer les sous-groupes. Résultats: Sur 148 clichés radiographiques, un seul noyau d'ossification de l'apophyse postérieure a été identifié. D'une durée de 2 ans environ, le processus d'ossification et fusion s'est déclenché plus précocement chez les filles que chez les garçons, avec un début à l'âge de 6 à 8 ans et une fin à l'âge de 13 à 15 ans. L'ossification a débuté au niveau de la partie moyenne inférieure du calcanéum, et s'est étendue vers la partie supérieure. On a trouvé des fissures dans 26 pourcent des clichés radiographiques, et l'hyperdensité a été fréquente dans 89 pourcent des cas. Conclusions: On a réalisé une description des caractéristiques radiologiques normales du calcanéum et de l'ossification du noyau de l'apophyse postérieure chez l'enfant, déterminant les différences par âge et sexe. L'augmentation de la densité et la présence de fissures sont des caractéristiques normales et n'indiquent pas de maladie(AU)

Endoscopic surgical treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation associated with vertebral osteochondrosis / 中华骨科杂志

Objective To investigate the feasibility and effects of endoscopic surgical treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation associated with veitebral osteochondrosis.Methods From June 2008 to December 2015,276 cases of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation associated with vertebral osteochondrosis were treated with endoscopic surgery,including 185 men and 91 women,with an average 39.2 years old (range,16-65 years old).The involved level included L2.3 in 2 cases,L3.4 in 9 cases,L4,5 in 126 cases and L5S1 in 139 cases.On preoperative axial CT,the diameter of ossification was more than half of the transverse or sagittal diameter of the spinal canal in 89 cases,and no more than half of the transverse and sagittal diameter of the spinal canal in 187 cases.All patients were operated on the side with serious symptom,181 cases were operated with mobile microendoscopic discectomy (MMED),and 95 cases were operated with percutaneous endoscopic surgery,including percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) in 61 cases and the percutaneous interlaminar endoscopic discectomy (PIED) in 34 cases.The operation and complications were analyzed.Results The soft herniation,broken disc material and the periphery of compressing ossification were removed under the endoscope in all cases,until the nerve was well decompressed.However,the ossification was not complete resected.Dural sac tear occurred in 3 cases of MMED.In the early stage of PTED,2 cases converted to MMED because of intraoperative pain and difficulty,and one case had exiting nerve root injury.At the final follow-up of 12-60 months (average,20.6 months),visual analogue scale decreased from preoperative 8.5±1.2 to 1.0±0.9,Oswestry disability index decreased from preoperative 40.2±8.6 to 3.1±3.0.According to Macnab scale,the results were excellent in 89,good in 154 cases,moderate in 33 cases.Conclusion For most lumbar intervertebral disc herniation associated with vertebral osteochondrosis,good results can be achieve by removal of herniated and broken intervertebral disc and decompression of nerve with endoscope.Therefore,we speculate that the soft disc herniation and spinal stenosis are main pathogenic factors,and that the complete resection of ossification is not needed.

Panner's Disease Occurred in a Five-year-old Child: A Preliminary Case Report

Panner's disease, osteonecrosis of the capitellum of the elbow, was first reported by Panner in 1927. The disease occurs mainly in boys between 6 and 15 years old and shows unilateral distribution. Pain, stiffness, localized tenderness over the lateral condyle of the elbow, and decreased range of motion are the typical clinical symptoms. Conservative treatment is generally recommended for patients in the early stage of this disease. A few cases of Panner's disease have been reported and few are related to long-term follow-up results. To the best of our knowledge, all reported cases were over six years. Therefore, we report on a five-year-old boy diagnosed as Panner's disease that showed resorption and regeneration of the humeral capitellum with no limitation of motion over three years. The current study was exempted from review by the institutional review board because it was a single retrospective case report. Informed consent was obtained from the patient's guardian.

Panner's Disease Occurred in a Five-year-old Child: A Preliminary Case Report

Panner's disease, osteonecrosis of the capitellum of the elbow, was first reported by Panner in 1927. The disease occurs mainly in boys between 6 and 15 years old and shows unilateral distribution. Pain, stiffness, localized tenderness over the lateral condyle of the elbow, and decreased range of motion are the typical clinical symptoms. Conservative treatment is generally recommended for patients in the early stage of this disease. A few cases of Panner's disease have been reported and few are related to long-term follow-up results. To the best of our knowledge, all reported cases were over six years. Therefore, we report on a five-year-old boy diagnosed as Panner's disease that showed resorption and regeneration of the humeral capitellum with no limitation of motion over three years. The current study was exempted from review by the institutional review board because it was a single retrospective case report. Informed consent was obtained from the patient's guardian.

Comparison of Farfan modified and Frobin methods to evaluate the intervertebral disc height / Comparação dos métodos de Farfan modificado e de Frobin, para aferição da altura do disco intervertebral / Comparación de los métodos de Farfan modificado e de Frobin para la medición de la altura del disco intervertebral

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability and reproducibility of Farfan modified and Frobin methods to measure the intervertebral disc height in radiographs with inter- and intraobserver comparison. METHOD: Six radiographs of different patients treated for low back pain have been collected and digitized, and five lumbar disc of each patient were evaluated by six examiners with different levels of experience. The measures were done in Image Pro Plus 6.0 software. RESULTS: When compared, both methods showed more than 95% concordance. In intraexaminer analysis, both also shown to be reliable and reproducible, with a high level of concordance. By comparing the correlation between classes of examiners, the higher the level of experience, the greater the agreement for both methods. CONCLUSION: Farfan modified and Frobin are reliable methods to measure the disc height in the lateral radiographs. The higher level of experience of the examiner, the higher was the correlation between measurements. .

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a confiabilidade e reprodutibilidade dos métodos de Farfan modificado e de Frobin, para aferição da altura radiográfica dos discos intervertebrais lombares, em comparação inter e intraobservadores. MÉTODO: Foram coletadas e digitalizadas imagens radiográficas de seis pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial por lombalgia, sendo avaliados cinco discos lombares de cada paciente. As mensurações foram realizadas no software Image Pro Plus versão 6.0, por seis examinadores com diferentes níveis de experiência. RESULTADOS: Ao serem comparados entre si, os métodos demonstraram concordância superior a 95%. Na análise intraexaminadores, ambos também demonstraram ser reprodutíveis e confiáveis com alta concordância. Ao comparar a concordância entre as classes dos examinadores, quanto maior o nível de experiência maior foi a concordância em ambos os métodos. CONCLUSÃO: Tanto o método de Farfan modificado quanto o de Frobin, podem ser utilizados de forma confiável para avaliar a altura discal nas radiografias em perfil. Quanto maior o nível de experiência do examinador, mais alta foi a concordância entre as aferições. .

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la confiabilidad y reproducibilidad de los métodos de Farfan modificado y Frobin para medición de la altura radiográfica de los discos intervertebrales lumbares por comparación inter e intraobservadores. MÉTODO: Imágenes radiográficas fueron recogidas y digitalizadas de 6 pacientes con queja de dolor lumbar; fueron evaluados cinco discos lumbares de cada paciente. Las mediciones fueron realizadas en el software Image Pro Plus versión 6.0, por seis examinadores con diferentes niveles de experiencia. RESULTADOS: Al ser comparados entre sí, los métodos demostraron concordancia superior a 95%. En el análisis intraexaminador, ambos métodos también se demostraron reproductibles y confiables con alta concordancia. Al comparar la concordancia entre las clases de los examinadores, cuanto mayor el nivel de experiencia mayor fue la concordancia entre ambos métodos. CONCLUSIÓN: Tanto el método de Farfan modificado como el de Frobin, pueden ser utilizados de forma confiable para evaluar la altura discal en las radiografías en perfil. Cuanto mayor el nivel de experiencia del examinador, mayor la concordancia entre ambas mediciones. .

Ocorrência da osteocondrite dissecante na articulação tibiotársica em equinos da raça Brasileiro de Hipismo por meio da radiografia digital / Occurrence of osteochondritis dissecans in tibiotarsal joints of equines "Brasileiro de Hipismo" using digital radiography

A osteocondrite dissecante (OCD) é uma doença ortopédica do desenvolvimento que acomete os humanos e os animais e é considerada como o distúrbio de desenvolvimento esquelético mais importante nos potros em crescimento. É uma falha no processo de ossificação endocondral, que compromete as cartilagens articular e de crescimento, principalmente a articulação tibiotársica. Sua ocorrência é importante para a equinocultura mundial pelo risco de produzir incapacitação nos cavalos atletas e de comprometer o bem-estar dos mesmos. O estudo radiográfico das articulações se mantém como método auxiliar de diagnóstico mais utilizado no campo e atualmente os equipamentos portáteis digitais permitem a rápida aquisição de imagens de alta qualidade. Os animais deste estudo foram escolhidos seguindo critérios descritos a seguir. A idade de três anos, a partir da qual as lesões se apresentam bem definidas e com remota possibilidade de reabsorção dos fragmentos. A sanidade, porque os animais sem sinais clínicos de OCD podem ter a avaliação radiográfica negligenciada e ser portadores sãos. A docilidade dos animais foi um critério de escolha, que permitiu um exame rápido e seguro, tanto para os operadores, quanto para os equipamentos utilizados. Pelo registro dos animais radiografados na Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Cavalos de Hipismo (ABCCH) foi possível investigar a genealogia dos garanhões. O exame radiográfico consistiu na captação de duas projeções oblíquas bilaterais das articulações tibiotársicas. As imagens radiográficas digitais obtidas foram armazenadas e avaliadas posteriormente por profissional com experiência em radiologia e os achados classificaram os animais em positivos e negativos para OCD. Os resultados demonstraram ocorrência de 7,7% (2/26) de OCD na articulação tibiotársica dos garanhões selecionados para o estudo, criados no estado de São Paulo.

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a developmental orthopaedic disease which can involves both humans and animals and is considered the most important skeletal disorder in growing foals. It is a failure of the endochondral ossification which affects both articular and growth-plate cartilages, primary the tibiotarsal joint. Its occurrence is remarkable for the worldwide horse industry for the risk in disabling sport horses and concerns animal welfare. The radiographic investigation of joints remains the most common diagnostic auxiliary method employed in the field and updated portable digital X-rays machines provide fast acquisition of high quality images. The animals in this study were chosen by the following criteria. The age of three years old when the articular fragments are well defined and stable with low possibilities of resorption. The soundness because horses with no clinical signs are normally neglected and misdiagnosed for OCD. The good-behaviour of the horses provided a safe radiographic approach either for the operators or for the equipment. The genealogical background of the animals was investigated by their breeding record in the Brazilian Association of Sport Horses (ABCCH). The radiographic evaluation consisted in two bilateral oblique views of both tibiotarsal joints. The digital images were stored and further interpreted by an expert radiologist and the results scored the animals into a positive and a negative group for OCD. The results yielded an incidence of 7.7% (2/26) of tibiotarsal OCD in the stallions selected for this study, all of them bred in São Paulo State.

Freiberg's Disease and Metatarsophalangeal Joint Instability / 대한족부족관절학회지

Freiberg's disease is a osteochondrosis of a metatarsal head that is recognized as primarily a disorder of the second metatarsal. It is seen more often in girls. Pain and limitation of motion of the affected joint is the predominant clincal feature. The radiographic appearance demonstrates from osteosclerosis in the early stage to osteolysis with collapse in the later stage. Conservative therapy may take the form of rest, a stiff shoe, and even a cast support to decrease the stress across the joint. Surgical intervention may also be of benefit. Surgery have been attempted either to modify the diseae process or to salvage the situation once the metatarsophalangeal joint develops degenerative changes. Metatarsophalangeal joint instability is common cause of forefoot pain that can develop in association with a traumatic episode and inflamatory tissue disorders as well as neighboring toe deformities. The second ray is by far the most frequently involved. The diagnosis can be made by clinical observation and physical examination including drawer test. Many surgical procedures have beem recommended when conservative treatment has failed. Procedures described range from soft tissue releases and tendon trasfer to the direct plantar plate repair combined with a Weil osteotomy.

Enfermedad de Sever bilateral: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bilateral Sever disease: a case report and literature review

La apofisitis del calcáneo o "Enfermedad de Sever" es la inflamación dolorosa de la apófisis del calcáneo. Es un problema común en los niños en crecimiento del hemisferio occidental. Fue descrita por primera vez en 1912. Se caracteriza por presentarse con dolor en la cara posterior y plantar del talón. El diagnóstico es clínico y complementariamente se pueden realizar estudios radiográficos. Con respecto al tratamiento, lo más importante es aliviar el dolor y prevenir las complicaciones para que el niño se pueda incorporar nuevamente a sus actividades. Se presenta el caso de paciente masculino, de 10 años de edad, con diagnóstico de osteocondrosis del calcáneo o "Enfermedad de Sever"(AU)

The calcaneal apofisitis or "Sever's Disease" is the painful inflammation of the calcaneal apophysis. It's a common problem in growing children in the Western Hemisphere. It was first described in 1912. It features presented with pain in the posterior and plantar aspects of the heel. The diagnosis is clinical and can be complementary with radiographic studies. The most important in treatment is to relieve the pain and prevent complications, so that the child can be incorporated back into their activities. We present the case of male patient, 10 years old, diagnosed with osteochondrosis of the calcaneus or "Sever's Disease(AU)

Osteocondrose bilateral de côndilos femorais laterais: relato de caso e revisão da literatura / Bilateral osteochondrosis of lateral femoral condyles: case report and literature review

A osteocondrose é uma falha na ossificação subcondral com predileção pelo esqueleto imaturo e cuja etiologia permanece indefinida. Pode afetar os côndilos femorais (geralmente o medial), e o acometimento é, na maioria, unilateral. Os autores chamam a atenção desse diagnóstico, geralmente tardio por sua ocorrência infrequente, e relatam o caso raro de uma criança com osteocondrose bilateral de côndilos femorais laterais, ressaltando que, até o presente momento, apenas um caso semelhante foi descrito na literatura.

Osteochondrosis is an injury on subchondral ossification with predominance of immature skeleton and whose etiology remains unknown. It may affect the femoral condyles (usually the medial condyle) and the involvement is mostly unilateral. The authors draw the attention to this usually late diagnosis due to its infrequent occurrence and report a child's rare case of bilateral osteochondrosis on lateral femoral condyles, stressing that just one similar case has been described in the orthopaedic literature up to the present time.

Etiología, patogénesis, diagnóstico y tratamiento de osteocondrosis (OC) / Etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of osteochondrosis (OC)

Osteochondrosis (OC) is a term used to describe a wide range of different skeletal lesions between different species. Osteochondrosis is a problem that affects fast growing animals and it has been defined as a failure in the endochondral ossification of the articular-epiphyseal cartilage. This failure leads to cartilage thickening and retention, basal necrosis, subchondral bone damage and loose bone fragments in the articular joint. Osteochondrosis is a multifactorial disease in which nutritional, hereditary, endocrine factors, biomechanical influences, and failures of blood supply to growth cartilage play an important role. The aim of this review is to offer an updated approach to the knowledge of the mechanisms that intervene in the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis, as well as alternatives to its diagnosis and treatment.

El término osteocondrosis (OC) se refiere a una gran variedad de lesiones esqueléticas en diferentes especies. La osteocondrosis es un problema que afecta a los animales de rápido crecimiento y se ha definido como una falla en la osificación endocondral del cartílago articular epifiseal. Dicha falla provoca un engrosamiento y retención del cartílago, necrosis basal, daño al hueso subcondral y desprendimiento de fragmentos óseos en la cavidad articular. La osteocondrosis es una enfermedad de etiología multifactorial donde factores nutricionales, hereditarios, biomecánicos, endocrinos, así como la falla en el aporte sanguíneo del cartílago en crecimiento juegan un papel importante. La finalidad de esta revisión es ofrecer un acercamiento al conocimiento de los mecanismos que intervienen en la patogénesis de la osteocondrosis, así como a las alternativas para su diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Identificação dos níveis séricos do fator de crescimento tipo insulina 1 em potros com osteocondrose / Identification of insulin-like growth factor-I serum levels in foals with osteo-chondrosis

A osteocondrose é uma das doenças ortopédicas do desenvolvimento mais comuns em cavalos, e deve ser encarada como uma desordem multifatorial. Caracteriza-se por ser uma doença dinâmica, onde o processo de reparo inicia-se quase que imediatamente após a formação da lesão osteocondral. A intensidade e eficácia deste reparo são fortemente relacionados à idade, e estão associados a reposição dos componentes da matriz cartilagínea. Uma vez que o fator de crescimento tipo insulina-1 (IGF-1) age regulando o crescimento da cartilagem articular, este estudo objetivou descrever os níveis séricos de IGF-I, insulina e glicose em potros Puro Sangue Lusitano hígidos ou com osteocondrose, desde o nascimento até 18 meses de idade. Dos potros acompanhados, 76,08 por cento apresentaram sinais radiográficos de osteocondrose com um mês de idade, porém somente 16,2 por cento mantiveram as lesões aos 18 meses. As concentrações de IGF-1 alcançaram picos entre 14 e 16 meses, equivalente ao início da puberdade. As concentrações de IGF-1 nos potros com osteocondrose foram menores que potros sadios, aos 2 e 5 meses (P<0,05), e os de insulina aos 2 meses (P<0,05). Em criatórios com alta ocorrência de osteocondrose recomenda-se que as mensurações dos níveis séricos de IGF-1 e insulina ocorram durante os primeiros 6 meses de idade, para que haja tempo hábil de se estabelecer medidas profiláticas e de tratamento.

Osteochondrosis is the most common orthopaedic developmental disorder in horses and has been traditionally defined as a multifactorial disease. The disease had a very dynamic character in which the repair process starts almost immediately after the lesion has formed. The intensity and efficacy of this repair process is strongly age-related and is determined by the turnover rate of the components of the extracellular matrix of the articular cartilage. Since the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) acts regulating the growth of articular cartilage, this study aimed to describe the serum levels of IGF-1, insulin and glucose in healthy Lusitano foals and foals with osteochondrosis, from birth to 18 months of age. At one month 76.08 percent of the foals showed radiographic signs of osteochondrosis, but at age of 18 months the percentage dropped to 16.2 percent. The IGF-1 concentrations reached peak values at age of 14 to 16 months, equivalent to the onset of puberty. The IGF-1 concentrations in foals with osteochondrosis were lower than in healthy 2 to 5-month-old foals (P<0.05), and the insulin at age of 2 months (P<0.05). On farms with high incidence of osteocondrosis is recommended that measurement of serum IGF-1 and insulin occur during the first 6 months of age, to have enough time to establish preventive and therapeutic measures.

Factores mecánicos en enfermedades osteocondrales / Mechanical factors of osteochondral diseases

Las osteocondrosis son enfermedades que afectan al esqueleto en crecimiento y que en sus estados avanzados producen deformaciones y cambios de los patrones de actividad física y movimiento del individuo. Para lograr una intervención terapéutica efectiva o detectar la enfermedad en sus estados iniciales, es necesario conocer su etiología, la cual sigue siendo incierta y generalmente se cataloga simplemente como multifactorial e idiopática. Como se trata de enfermedades del crecimiento óseo, los mismos factores responsables de este tienen efectos sobre la patogénesis de la enfermedad; dentro de estos se incluyen las cargas mecánicas a las que están sometidos los huesos. En las últimas décadas se han desarrollado modelos computacionales para modelar el efecto de los factores mecánicos sobre el crecimiento de los huesos, los cuales han permitido mejorar la comprensión de las implicaciones mecánicas asociadas al crecimiento y se han correspondido con las observaciones experimentales. En este artículo se muestra una revisión del conocimiento actual del proceso de crecimiento óseo, la etiología de las osteocondrosis y algunos modelos computacionales, que con ciertas modificaciones o mejoras pudieran emplearse en el futuro para modelar el transcurso de la enfermedad.

The osteochondroses are diseases affecting the developing skeleton and that in its advanced stages provoke deformations and changes of physical activity and movement patterns of the subjects. To achieve an effectiveness therapeutic intervention or to detect the diseases in its earliest stagers, it is necessary to know it etiology, which remains uncertain and generally it is classes as mulfifactor and idiopathic. Since they are bone growth diseases, these same responsible factors influenced on the disease pathogenesis including the mechanical loads underwent by bones. In past decades computer models have been developed to represent the mechanic factors on the bone growth allowing us to improve the understanding of mechanic implications associated to growth which corresponding with the experimental observations. In present paper is shown a review of current knowledge on boner growth process, osteochondrosis etiology and some computer models which, with some modifications or improvements, could be used in the future to modeling the disease course.

Osteocondrose de articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar em potro da raça Crioula / Stifle joint osteochondrosis in a Criollo foal

Um potro da raça crioula, com dois anos de idade, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) apresentando aumento de volume na região da patela esquerda e claudicação manifestada ao trote. Os exames físico e radiográfico identificaram a presença de uma lesão envolvendo o osso subcondral na tróclea lateral do fêmur, característica de uma osteocondrose. Trata-se do primeiro relato de osteocondrose em um potro da raça Crioula.

A two-year-old Criollo foal was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the UFSM presenting joint effusion on the left stifle joint. Physical and radiographic examination revealed the presence of osteochondreal fragmentation located at the lateral throclea ridge of the femur characterizing osteochondrosis in the stifle joint.

Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment of the osteochondrosis of lumbar posterior vertebral edge / 中国矫形外科杂志

[Objective]To study the clinical characteristics of osteochondrosis of lumbar posterior vertebral edge(OLPV) and evaluate the efficiency of surgical treatment. [Method]From August 2000 to August 2003,41 cases of OLPV patients were treated,all cases underwent decompression of posterior approach and selective resection of the compressive things.Furthermore,1 case was treated with trans-vertebral pedicle internal fixation and inter-transverse process bone graft because of excessive decompression and preoperative lumbar instability.[Result]Low back and leg pain disappeared or obviously being relieved in all cases,and the results of histological analysis suggested the diagnosis of OLPV in all cases.Forty-one cases were followed from 5 to 8 years,average 6.8 years.No lumbar instability or spondylolisthesis was found in any case.Six cases suffered slight low back pain occasionally without obvious impaired quality of life.The preoperative JOA score was 14.73?2.06,when followed by 3 months,the score changed into 27.14?4.13,there was statistical significance between them(P

Osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral medial em quatro cães / Osteochondritis dissecans of the medial femoral condyle in four dogs

A osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo medial do fêmur é condição raramente observada como causa de claudicação em membro pélvico de pequenos animais. Descreve-se a ocorrência de quatro casos de osteocondrite dissecante do côndilo femoral medial em dois cães da raça Rottweiler e dois cães Retriever do Labrador, machos, com idades variando entre 5 e 9 meses e massa corpórea entre 26 e 35Kg. Os animais apresentavam claudicação de aparecimento subagudo, pouco responsiva a drogas antiinflamatórias previamente administradas. Ao exame físico, observou-se claudicação unilateral em três animais e bilateral em um, acompanhada de efusão e crepitação articular discreta, com sensibilidade dolorosa em 2 animais. O exame radiográfico, em projeção cranio-caudal, demonstrou lesão cística radiolucente localizada na superfície articular do côndilo medial sugestiva de osteocondrose, nos quatro cães. Os animais foram submetidos à artrotomia parapatelar lateral, por meio da qual pôde-se confirmar a presença de retalho de cartilagem articular, caracterizando a osteocondrite dissecante. O tratamento consistiu na remoção do ôflapö, seguida de curetagem e perfuração do osso subcondral com fio de Kirschner. Após a cirurgia foi indicado repouso por um período mínimo de 7 dias, com retorno gradual às atividades. Devido ao infreqüente acometimento da articulação femorotibiopatelar pela afecção em tela, torna-se importante o seu reconhecimento e sua inclusão no diagnóstico diferencial das claudicações do membro pélvico em cães em fase de crescimento, de modo que formas auxiliares de diagnóstico e tratamento eficaz sejam realizados no intuito de restabelecer a função do membro e retardar a progressão da doença articular degenerativa