Folleto complementario de Parasitología Médica para estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina / Supplementary booklet of Medical Parasitology for medicine major students

RESUMEN Fundamento: la asignatura Microbiología y Parasitología Médica aporta las herramientas necesarias para el abordaje de los problemas de salud de la población, en los que intervienen agentes biológicos. Objetivo: diseñar un folleto complementario sobre el tema Parasitología Médica de la asignatura Microbiología y Parasitología Médica para estudiantes de segundo año de la carrera de Medicina de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna de Pinar del Río. Métodos: se realizó una investigación educativa, con un universo de 455 estudiantes de segundo año de Medicina durante el curso 2019-2020, en la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas "Ernesto Ché Guevara de la Serna" de Pinar del Río, y 118 profesores que conforman el claustro de este año de la carrera. La muestra quedó conformada por 171 estudiantes y 16 profesores seleccionados de manera intencional. Resultados: se evidenció cierto grado de desactualización sobre los contenidos de Parasitología Médica en la asigantura Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Se constató la necesidad de estudiantes y profesores de contar con un folleto complementario de Parasitología Médica. Se elaboró un Folleto Complementario de Parasitología Médica para estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina. Conclusiones: el folleto confeccionado fue valorado por los especialistas como útil y pertinente, por la actualización de sus contenidos y tratamiento metodológico.

ABSTRACT Rationale: the subject Medical Microbiology and Parasitology provides the necessary tools for the approach of health problems of the population, in which biological agents are involved. Objective: to design a complementary booklet on the topic Medical Parasitology of the subject Medical Microbiology and Parasitology for second academic-year students of medicine major at Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna School of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río. Methods: an educational research was carried out with a target group of 455 students from second academic-year students of medicine major during the course 2019-2020 at Ernesto Che Guevara de la Serna School of Medical Sciences of Pinar del Río and 118 professors comprising the teaching staff of this academic year in medicine major. The sample included 171 students and 16 professors who were intentionally selected. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were applied. Results: there was evidence of a certain degree of lack of updating on the contents of Medical Parasitology in the Microbiology and Medical Parasitology course. The need of students and professors to have a complementary booklet on Medical Parasitology was noted. A Complementary Booklet on Medical Parasitology was devised for students of medicine major. Conclusions: the booklet was considered useful and pertinent by the specialists, due to its updated contents and methodological treatment.

Actual Usage of a Pamphlet for Families of Terminally Ill Patients With or Without Cancer at Home

Objective: The purposes of this study were to explore the actual usage of a pamphlet for families of terminally ill patients both with and without cancer at home. Methods: We sent a questionnaire to 2,000 home-visit nursing administrators and obtained answers from 430. This study included 224 pamphlet users. Results: The pamphlet was used with 95.1% of families of cancer patients and with 76.8% of families of non-cancer patients. Most pamphlet users were concerned with the following: degree of worry and anxiety of the family, and the family’s and the patient’s hope for an at home death (families of both cancer patients and non-cancer patients more than 84%). The pamphlet was given to about 60% of families of both cancer patients and non-cancer patients between last last week and last month of life. Administrators found it difficult to decide the appropriate timing to hand out the pamphlet to 59.6% of families of cancer patients and 69.7% of families of non-cancer patients. Conclusion: Pamphlet use may be improved by clarifying the appropriate timing to give out the pamphlet.

Current Status and Tasks of a Pamphlet for Families of Terminally Ill Patients at Home

<p>Objective: The purposes of this study are to explore current status and tasks of a pamphlet for families of terminally ill patients at home. Methods: We sent out the questionnaire to 419 home-visit nursing administrators, and obtained an answer from 118. Results: About 42% administrators used the pamphlet. Most pamphlet users were considering as follow: degree of worry and anxiety of the family, the family’s and the patient’s hope of being home death (each more than 82.6%). Usefulness of the pamphlet; the families could prepare for their patient’s death, understand the present condition of the patient, etc. However, 67% users were feeling difficulty to decide the timing to hand the pamphlet to the families. As a reason without the pamphlet, there are not any pamphlets available (64.1%). Conclusion: Nursing administrators who used the pamphlet have recognized the usefulness, but have felt difficulty of the use.</p>

Family-perceived usefulness of a pamphlet for families of imminently dying patients: a multicenter study

<b>Purpose:</b> To clarify the family-perceived usefulness of a pamphlet for families of imminently dying patients. <b>Methods:</b> Physicians and/or nurses provided medical and practical information about the dying process using a pamphlet for families of imminently dying patients. We surveyed family members 6 months after the death of the patient about the perceived usefulness. <b>Results:</b> We sent out a questionnaire to 325 bereaved, and obtained an answer from 260 (response rate: 85%). Overall, 81% reported the pamphlet to be “very useful” or “useful”. The experience reported by the bereaved included: “Helped me to understand the dying process” (84%); “Helped me to understand how symptoms and changes occur” (76%), “Useful in preparation for patient's death“ (75%), “Helped me to understand the physical conditions of the patient” (75%), “Helped me to know what I can do for the patient” (74%). <b>Conclusion:</b> “A pamphlet for families of imminently dying patients” may be useful for members of an imminently dying patient's family.

Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Pamphlet for the Higherr Grades Elementary Students: Focused on Individual Daily Needed Food Exchange Units / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of a nutrition education focused on Food Exchange System for the higher grades elementary children. Nutrition education lessons (40 min/lesson, 4 times), '5 major nutrients and functions', '6 food groups', 'daily needed energy and food exchange units', 'good choice of snacks and balanced exercise' were provided to elementary students (5th grade students). This research was based on the data from two groups of elementary school children in the 'education' group (n = 31) and 'non-education' group (n = 31). We assessed the changes in dietary attitude, food habit and nutrition knowledge using questionnaire and nutrient intake using 24hr recall method by nutrition education using the developed pamphlet. After education, there was a significant difference in the dietary attitude score only in attitude of 'balanced meal' (p < 0.001) in the education group compared to the non-education group. In food habit, there were significant positive changes in the type of breakfast and in the priority of choosing snack in the educated group. In nutrition knowledge, there were significant increases in scores of 'function of carbohydrate' (p < 0.05), 'function of fat' (p < 0.01), 'function of vitamin' (p < 0.01), 'foods of carbohydrate' (p < 0.01), and 'foods of vitamin' (p < 0.01) in the educated group. After education,carbohydrate: protein: fat (CPF) ratio was significantly different between the two groups (education group, 59 : 16 : 26 vs. non-education group, 63 : 15 : 23). In evaluation of nutrient intake by Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs), there were significant positive effects in energy (p < 0.05), thiamin (p < 0.05), riboflavin (p < 0.05), vitamin C (p < 0.05), phosphorus (p < 0.01), Fe (p < 0.01) and zinc (p < 0.01) in the education group compared to the non-education group. In conclusion, the developed 4 times' nutritional education pamphlet focused on individual daily energy requirements and food exchange units using food exchange system for higher grades' elementary student may positively change nutrition knowledge and dietary intakes.

Development and Effects' Analysis of Nutrition Education Pamphlet for the Lower Grades Elementary Students -Focused on Individual Daily Needed Food Exchange Units- / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of nutrition education program and pamphlet for the lower grades elementary students focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System. Program consisted of four lessons (40 min/lesson), "5 major nutrients & function", "6 food group and sources", "daily needed food exchange units for normal body weight", and "smart snack choice and exercise". Pamphlet as activity book was developed for the program. The subjects were 3rd grade elementary students (educated group, 31 vs. non-educated group, 31). Educated group were lessoned as group and/or individual. We examined the differences in nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, dietary intakes and satisfaction of the program and pamphlet. In educated group, there were positive improvements on nutrition knowledge score "function and foods of 5 nutrients" and on dietary attitudes "type of breakfast and snacks". In the evaluation of dietary intakes according to KDRI, there were positive improvements on intakes level of riboflavin, vit. C, folate, Ca, P, Fe and Zn in educated group. In satisfaction with the program and pamphlet, contents, font size, visual, figure, difficulty and program curriculum were over 2.90/3.0. It showed that the developed nutrition education program and pamphlet focused on individual daily needed food exchange units using Food Exchange System improved nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes and nutrients intake level in the lower grades elementary students.

Identificação de fatores que interferem na distribuição de panfletos em locais públicos / Characterization of factors wich affect the acceptance or refusal of pamphlet in public places / Identificación de los factores que influyen en La distribución de folletos en sítios de circulación pública

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar fatores que interferem no comportamento de aceitar ou recusar panfletos em locais públicos. Foram observados 270 transeuntes, classificados por sexo e faixas de idade aproximada, além da observação e entrevista com 10 panfletistas em atividade. Os panfletos foram categorizados em: produto de consumo, de financiamento, eleitoral, de prestação de serviço e religioso. Organizou-se o comportamento dos transeuntes em quatro classes: recusar, ler, guardar e jogar fora. Foram as mulheres que mais recusaram e ou jogaram fora os panfletos recebidos. No caso das categorias “ler e guardar”, foram os homens que mais guardaram e/ou leram os panfletos recebidos. As categorias prestação de serviços e religioso apresentaram o maior percentual de panfletos distribuídos. O modo de se dirigir aos transeuntes, o local, o horário e outros fatores foram indicados como possíveis determinantes da interação entre panfletistas e transeuntes. Neste artigo, são abordadas as decorrências da alienação do trabalho apresentada pelos panfletistas.

The aim of this study was to identify factors which affect the acceptance or refusal pamphlets distribution in public places. Were observed 270 pedestrians classified by sex and estimately classes of age, beyond of the observation and interview with 10 pamphleteers working. The pamphlets were classified according to: consumption’s products, financing, electoral, service’s installment and religious rites; and the pedestrian’s behavior was classified in four categories: to refuse, to read, to keep and to throw out. The female pedestrians were the ones that refused the most and/or threw out the received pamphlets. In the class to read/keep pamphlets, the male pedestrians were the ones that kept and/or read the most the pamphlets they received. The classes service’s installment and religious rites are the ones which present the biggest percentage of pamphlets distributed. The way to address the pedestrians, the situation, the time, among other variables are indicated how possible determinants of the interaction between the pamphleteers and pedestrians. Are discussed the consequences of work’s alienation showed by the pamphleteers.

El proyecto buscó la identificación de factores que influyen en el comportamiento de aceptación o rechazo de folletos compartidos en sitios de circulación pública. Han sido observados 270 peatones, segun sexo y fajas etarias. Hubo, todavia, observación y entrevistas con 10 personas cargadas de hacer la distribución de los folletos. Los folletos han sido categorizados segun el tema de su texto: cosas de consumo, finanzas, elección de políticos, servicios profesionales y temas religiosos. Fueran establecidas cuatro clases de comportamiento: rechazar, leer, guardar y hechar fuera. Las mujeres han sido las que más negaran recibir o echaran fuera los folletos. En las clases de “leer y guardar”, hubo mayor concentración de hombres. Las categorías servicios y temas religiosos tienen el mayor porcentaje de folletos distribuidos. El modo de hablar a las personas, el sitio, La hora del dia así como otros factores han sido referidos como posibles factores determinantes de la interacción entre volantes y transeúntes. En este artículo, son referidos los impactos de la enajenación del trabajo de los volantes.