ABSTRACT
The study designed to evaluated the activity of pancreatic exocrine enzymes in diabetic male rats induced by alloxan. The hyperglycaemia was induced in forty-five rats after fasting of the animals for 24 hours by single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of Alloxan100mg/kg B.W., three days after injection fasting blood glucose was measured when the concentration higher than 150mg/dL, were considered as hyperglycemic/ diabetes. A total of sixty adult male rats (45 diabetes and 15 non- diabetes) divided in to two groups as follows. The first group serves as control groups (15 animals) will be single i.p injection with distilled water. the second group diabetic groups (45 animals from first experiment) were subdivided into three subgroups as following (15 for each). Group (G1), Group (G2) and Group (G3) serves as 20, 40- and 60-days diabetic animals respectively. The blood samples collection were take through cardiac puncture technique from each rat for each period days for measurement the following parameters: (Serum glucose, total protein, insulin, cholesterol, albumin, triglyceride, LDL-C, HDL-C and VLDL-C) concentration, the rats pancreatic tissue were be taken for measured tissue pancreatic lipase, amylase, and trypsin concentration. The results demonstrate a significant increase in serum glucose concentration and a decrease in serum insulin and total protein in the diabetic group as compared with the control rats' group in all experimental days. The results showed a significant rise in serum total cholesterol concentration within the diabetic group when compared with the control group at day 20 and 60. Meanwhile, a significant increase in serum triglyceride and LDL concentration and a significant decrease in serum HDL concentration within the diabetic group when compared with the control rats group at day 20, 40 and 60. But the serum VLDL concentration depicted a significant increase in the group of diabetic when compared with the control rats group at day 40 and 60. The value of pancreatic tissue protease activity clarified there was a significant decrease of protease action in the group of diabetic rats when compared with the control rats group on both day 20 and day 60. And a significant decrease in amylase activity in the diabetic groups when compared with the group of control rats in both day 20, 40 and day 60. While the results of pancreatic tissue lipase show there were non-significant changes within the diabetics group when compared with the control group. In conclusion, the exocrine pancreatic function is very frequently and severely altered in diabetes mellitus male rats and the metabolic disorder effect of diabetes mellitus was manifested by hyperlipidemic and hypoprotenimic .
Subject(s)
Rats , Rats , Blood Specimen Collection/veterinary , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications , Exocrine Glands/enzymologyABSTRACT
Background: Gibberellic acid (GA3) affects many mechanisms of plant growth including stem elongation by stimulating rapid cell division and elongation, flowering, fruit development and breaking dormancy. GA3 is highly persistent and bioactive in soil for months. Since it is easily absorbed dermally, orally or by inhalation; it can injure liver, kidney, muscle and brain tissues. Aim of work: to explore the toxic effect induced by ingestion of residues of GA3 on the pancreas. Methods: Sixty male albino rats, were divided into four equal groups: Group I (negative control): received free water. Group II (positive control): received orally 30± 3ml of solution contained 1 N NaOH 5days/week for 6 weeks. Group III (Treated group): received orally daily 2.2± 0.3mg of GA3 5days/week for 6 weeks .Group IV (recovery group): take the same doses and period similar to group III and left without treatment for another 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose levels were assessed two times per week to all rats during the experiment. At the end of the experimental period, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSHPX) and Catalase (CAT) were determined, in addition to serum amylase and lipase activity. Moreover, histological examination of the pancreatic tissue was carried by light and electron microscopes further-more, insulin immunohistochemical activity and morphometric study were done. Results: Ingestion of residues of GA3 for 6weeks cause significant elevation (P < 0.001) of MDA and significant drop (P < 0.001) of GSH-PX, SOD and CAT. By stoppage of GA3 lipid peroxidation profile didn't improve completely and still increased above the control levels. Also, GSH-PX and SOD and CAT still decreased significantly. Histological examination express cellular damage with degenerative changes in cells of islet of Langerhans in the form of less population of cells which contained vacuolated cytoplasm and deeply stained or pyknotic nuclei with presence of dilatation of the fenestrated capillary. Ultra structural results of the acinar cells showed irregular contours of nuclei, dilated irregular rough endoplasmic reticulum and reduction of the quantity of the secretory granules with presence of multiple cytoplasmic vacuolations in addition to presence of auotophagic vacuoles. Insulin immunohistochemical staining of islets showing small, atrophied andnegative insulin-immunoreactive spots. The morphometric results represent significant reduction (P < 0.001) in the number of islets/pancreas sections and the number of beta cells/islet. The insult which denoted didn't resolve completely by the 6 week recovery period which may suspect the occurrence of chronic pancreatitis due to oxidative stress. Conclusion: Residual doses of GA3 exposed the pancreases to oxidative stress and 6 weeks is not enough to complete full recovery.