ABSTRACT
Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer la relación de la ingesta alimentaria (IA) y la composición corporal (CMC) con el síndrome metabólico (SM) entre estudiantes universitarios. Participaron 50 alumnos (56% mujeres) de entre 19 y 25 años de edad (M = 20.58, DE = 1.86), quienes completaron un cuestionario dirigido a evaluar IA, además se recabaron parámetros bioquímicos y de CMC. De acuerdo con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (PG), se identificó una alta ocurrencia de sobrepeso (22%) y obesidad (38%). Además, la grasa visceral incrementó conforme aumentó el PG. En ambos sexos existió un consumo bajo de hidratos de carbono y alto en lípidos, mayormente de origen animal, así como alto consumo de grasas saturadas, pero bajo de omegas 3 y 6. El SM fue identificado en 20% de la muestra, principalmente mujeres. El criterio de riesgo más frecuente fue los bajos niveles séricos de colesterol HDL, seguido de la obesidad abdominal; en tanto que la dislipidemia más frecuente fue la hipertrigliceridemia. En este estudio, aunque no se encontró relación directa entre IA y SM, si de éste con indicadores de CMC. Resulta inminente la necesidad de implementar estrategias que permitan a los estudiantes universitarios adquirir hábitos alimentarios y de actividad física saludables.
Abstract The objective of this study was to know the relationship between dietary intake (DI) and body composition (BC) with the metabolic syndrome (MS) among university students. A total of 50 students (56% female) among 19 and 25 years of age (M = 20.58, SD = 1.86), completed a questionnaire aimed at assessing DI, in addition biochemical and BC parameters were collected. According to the percentage of body fat (BF), a high prevalence of overweight (22%) and obesity (38%) was identified. In addition, visceral fat increased as the BF increased. In both sexes, there was a low consumption of carbohydrates and high in lipids, mostly of animal fat as well as high consumption of saturated fats, but low omegas 3 y 6. The MS was identified in 20% of the sample, mainly in women. The most frequently risk criteria were low levels of HDL cholesterol, followed by abdominal obesity; whereas the most frequent dyslipidemia was hypertriglyceridemia. In this study, although no direct relationship was found between DI and MS, it was found between MS and BC indicators. It is imminent the need to implement strategies that allow university students to acquire healthy eating and physical activity habits.
ABSTRACT
This study compared anthropometric parameters among different military sports. One hundred and seventy male cadets of the Brazilian Air Force Academy, who were participants of athletics (n= 33, 20.5±1.3 years), basketball (n= 11, 19.9±1.8 years), fencing (n= 10, 19.9±0.7 years), soccer (n= 21, 20.9±1.6 years), judo (n= 17, 20.7±1.0 years), swimming (n= 15, 20.4±1.2 years), orienteering (n= 10, 21.3±1.6 years), military pentathlon (n= 11, 20.7±1.2 years), water polo (n=10, 21.1±0.9 years), shooting (n= 18, 21.3±1.2 years) or volleyball (n= 14, 20.9±1.7 years) military competitive teams, participated in this study. Height, body mass, body mass index, fat percentage, lean body mass, fat mass, waist and hip perimeters, and waist-hip ratio were measured. Main effects were detected for height, body mass, body mass index, lean body mass, waist and hip perimeters. The only significant finding was that orienteers present lower lean body mass than volleyball and water polo players. These results point out the homogeneity of group anthropometric parameters (except lean body mass), suggesting that military coaches do not rely on the anthropometric parameters, but on specific skills demonstrated during initial period of practice to choose athletes for their teams.
Este estudio comparó los parámetros antropométricos entre cadetes que practican diferentes deportes militares. Ciento setenta cadetes hombres de la Academia de la Fuerza Aérea, que eran participantes de equipos militares competitivos de atletismo (n= 33, 20,5±1,3 años), baloncesto (n= 11, 19,9±1,8 años), esgrima (n= 10, 19,9±0,7 años), fútbol (n=21, 20,9±1,6 años), judo (n= 17, 20,7±1,0 años), natación (n= 15, 20,4±1,2 años), orientación (n= 10, 21,3±1,6 años), pentatlón militar (n= 11, 20,7±1,2 años), polo acuático (n= 10, 21,1±0,9 años), tiro (n= 18, 21,3±1,2 años) y voleibol (n= 14, 20,9±1,7 años) participaron en este estudio. Se midió la altura, masa corporal, índice de masa corporal, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa magra, masa grasa, perímetros de cintura y cadera, y la relación cintura-cadera. No se detectaron variaciones de altura, masa corporal, índice de masa corporal, masa magra corporal, perímetro de cintura y cadera. El único hallazgo significativo fue que los orientadores tenían una masa corporal magra más baja que los jugadores de voléibol y polo acuático. Estos resultados apuntan a la homogeneidad de los parámetros antropométricos en grupos (excepto la masa magra), lo que sugiere que los instructores militares no dependen de los parámetros antropométricos, sino de las habilidades específicas demostradas durante el período de la práctica inicial en la selección de los atletas para sus equipos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Anthropometry , Military Personnel , Sports , Body Composition , BrazilABSTRACT
Se efectuó un estudio prospectivo y longitudinal de 77 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica dependientes de hemodiálisis, atendidos en el Servicio de Nefrología del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba desde octubre de 2007 hasta abril de 2008, a fin de evaluar su estado nutricional según el método de Chang y brindar soporte nutricional con suplementos de producción nacional (nutrial 1-2) y ADN hiperproteico. Los resultados evidenciaron una mejoría en el índice de riesgo nutricional y se modificaron los parámetros antropométricos e inmunológicos, lo cual posibilitó que se incrementara la calidad de vida de los integrantes de la serie.
A prospective and longitudinal study was carried out in 77 patients with renal chronic disease dependent on hemodialysis, attended in the Nephrology Service of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital of Santiago de Cuba, from October, 2007 to April, 2008, in order to evaluate their nutritional state according to Chang's method and to provide nutritional support with national production supplements (nutrial 1-2) and hyperproteic DNA. Results showed an improvement in nutritional risk index and immunologic and anthropometric parameters were modified, contributing to the increase of the life quality in patients of the series.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Malnutrition , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Quality of Life , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Secondary Care , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
Introdução. O envelhecimento e algumas características físicas estão relacionados à redução da força muscular. Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito de idade, peso corporal, estatura e índice de massa corporal na força muscular de homens sedentários e independentes com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos. Método. Foram avaliadas, em 250 homens idosos, as variáveis antropométricas e as forças musculares de preensão manual, da coluna lombar e dos membros inferiores. Empregaram-se a estatística descritiva, o teste t de Student, o coeficiente de Pearson e Spearman e a análise de regressão linear multivariada. Resultados. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas nos testes de força muscular entre os homens com idade superior a 70 anos e aqueles de 60 a 64 anos e os outros com idade de 65 a 69 anos. Houve correlação negativa entre a idade e os dados antropométricos e os resultados dos testes de força muscular aferidos. Não houve correlação entre o teste de sentar e levantar e as variáveis antropométricas. Os testes de preensão palmar e dinamometria lombar tiveram correlações positivas com os parâmetros antropométricos. A idade compôs todos os modelos de regressão para explicar a variabilidade dos testes de força muscular. O peso corporal entrou no modelo de regressão dos testes de preensão palmar esquerda e dinamometria lombar e a estatura compôs o modelo de regressão para os testes de preensão palmar direita e esquerda. Conclusão. A idade correlacionou-se com todos os testes de força muscular. As variáveis antropométricas tiveram correlação significativa apenas com a dinamometria lombar e de preensão palmar direita e esquerda.
Introduction. Aging and some physical characteristics are related to reduction of muscle strength. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of age and anthropometric features on muscle strength in sedentary and ambulant older men. Method. Two hundred and fifty older men were evaluated by height, weight, body mass index, and measured hand grip strength, lumbar muscle strength and lower limb muscle strength. Results. The older group (more than 70 years old) had lower strength. Age was negatively correlated to anthropometric measures and all muscle strength tests. There were no correlations between thirty seconds chair-stand test and anthropometric features. There were positive correlations between hand grip strength and lumbar muscle strength tests and anthropometric variables. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age explained the variability of all muscle strength measured. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that body weight also correlated left hand grip and lumbar strength. Height was related to right and left hand grip strength. Conclusion. Age, body weight, height and body mass index were correlated to hand grip strength and lumbar muscle strength. The thirty seconds chair-stand test was related only to age.