Estudio epidemiológico de paratuberculosis bovina en hatos lecheros del sur de Nariño, Colombia / Epidemiological Study of Bovine Paratuberculosis in Dairy Herds in Southern Narino, Colombia / Estudo epidemiológico de paratuberculose bovina em gado leiteiro do sul de Nariño, na Colômbia

Introducción: la paratuberculosis (PTBC), también llamada enfermedad de Johne, es un trastorno gastrointestinal crónico de rumiantes domésticos y silvestres causado por Micobacterium avium subespecie paratuberculosis (MAP). Está distribuida mundialmente y genera un alto impacto en la ganadería, debido a que disminuye la producción, se pierde potencial genético por reemplazos tempranos de animales infectados y se incrementa la mortalidad. Objetivos: evaluar la presencia de anticuerpos anti-MAP en fincas lecheras del sur de Nariño y describir su distribución de acuerdo con características poblacionales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo en 958 vacas mayores de 2 años en 16 fincas lecheras. Para determinar la presencia de anticuerpos, se usó la prueba diagnóstica de Elisa indirecto (kit comercial Svanova®). La seropositividad fue asociada con las variables de raza, edad, ubicación, condición corporal, número de lactancias y estadio clínico mediante la prueba estadística de chi cuadrado. Resultados: se encontraron 15 fincas (94 %) con al menos un animal positivo y 77 vacas (8 %) con anticuerpos anti-MAP. Se estableció una asociación significativa (p < 0,05) con la condición corporal del animal. Conclusiones: en los principales municipios lecheros se encontraron vacas con anticuerpos anti-MAP y no se encontró relación entre edad, raza, ubicación y estatus clínico con la seroprevalencia-MAP, pero sí con la condición corporal.

Introduction: Paratuberculosis (PTB), or Johne's disease, is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder in domestic and wild ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). It is distributed worldwide and generates a high impact on livestock, due to a decrease in production, loss of genetic potential by early replacement of infected animals, and increase in mortality. Objectives: To evaluate the presence of anti-MAP antibodies in dairy farms in southern Narino and to describe their distribution according to population characteristics. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 958 cows over 2 years of age in 16 dairy farms. To determine the presence of antibodies, the indirect Elisa diagnostic test was used (Svanova® commercial kit). Seropositivity was associated with variables of race, age, location, body condition, lactation number, and clinical state by using the chi-square test statistic. Results: There were found 15 farms (94%) with at least one positive animal and 77 cows (8%) with anti-MAP antibodies. A significant association (p < 0.05) with the animal's body condition was established. Conclusions: Cows with anti-MAP antibodies were found in major dairy municipalities; it was found that MAP-seroprevalence is not connected to age, race, location and clinical status, but it is linked to body condition.

Introdução: a paratuberculose (PTBC), também conhecida como doença de Johne, é um transtorno gastrointestinal crônico de ruminantes domésticos e silvestres causado por Mi-cobacterium avium subespécieparatuberculose (MAP). Está distribuída mundialmente e gera um alto impacto na pecuária, devido a que diminui a produção, se perde potencial genético por substituições precoces de animais infectados e aumenta a mortalidade. Objetivos: avaliar a presença de anticorpos anti-MAP em fazendas de gado do sul de Nariño e descrever sua distribuição de acordo com características populacionais. Métodos: realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo em 958 vacas maiores de 2 anos em 16 fazendas produtoras de gado. Para determinar a presença de anticorpos, se usou a prova diagnóstica de Elisa indireto (kit comercial Svanova®). A soro positividade foi associada com as variáveis de raça, idade, localização, condição corporal, número de lactancia e estádio clínico através da prova estatística de chi quadrado. Resultados: se encontraram 15 fazendas (94 %) com pelo menos um animal positivo e 77 vacas (8 %) com anticorpos anti-MAP. Estabeleceu-se uma associação significativa (p < 0,05) com a condição corporal do animal. Conclusões: nos principais municípios produtores de leite se encontraram vacas com anticorpos anti-MAP e não se encontrou relação entre idade, raça, localização e status clínico com a soro prevalência-MAP, mas sim com a condição corporal.

Evaluation of goat based ‘Indigenous vaccine’ against Bovine Johne’s Disease in endemically infected native cattle herds.

‘Indigenous vaccine’ prepared from ‘Indian Bison Type’ a native bio-type of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis strain ‘S5’ of goat origin (goat based) was evaluated in indigenous cattle herds located in gaushalas (cow shelters), endemic for Bovine Johne’s disease. Cows (893) were randomly divided into vaccinated (702 = 626 adults + 76 calves) and control (191 = 173 adults + 18 calves) groups. Response to vaccination was evaluated on the basis of health (mortality, morbidity), productivity (growth rate, reproductive performance, total milk yield), immunological parameters (LTT, ELISA titer), survivability of animals naturally infected with MAP, bacterimia (by specific blood PCR), sero-conversion (by indigenous ELISA) and status of shedding of MAP in feces (by microscopy) in the two groups before and after vaccination. Reduction in MAP shedding [to the extent of 100% in Herd A; and from 82.1% (0 DPV) to 10.7% (270 DPV) in Herd C] was the major finding in vaccinated cows. Whereas, the control group cows have shown no improvement. As the first indicator of vaccine efficacy, MAP bacilli disappeared from the blood circulation as early as 15 days post vaccination, however, peak titers were achieved around 90 DPV. Peak titers initially declined slightly but were maintained later throughout the study period. Control animals did not show any pattern in antibody titers. Mortality was low in vaccinated as compared to the control groups. Vaccination of endemically infected native cattle herds with inactivated whole-cell bacterin of novel ‘Indian Bison Type’ bio-type of goat origin strain ‘S5’ effectively restored health and productivity and reduced clinical BJD. Application of goat based ‘indigenous vaccine’ for therapeutic management of BJD in native cattle herds (gaushalas) is the first of its kind.

Diagnosis of paratuberculosis in cattle: microbiological culture, serology and PCR

The aim of this study was to confirm clinical diagnosis of paratuberculosis in two cows showing suggestive clinical signs of the disease. Based on clinical signs, in culture and in IS900 PCR results from the individual milk samples it was possible to diagnose paratuberculosis in the cows studied.