ABSTRACT
O distanciamento social ocasionado pela pandemia de Covid-19 levou a profundas mudanças na rotina das famílias com crianças pequenas, aumentando o estresse no ambiente doméstico. Este estudo analisou a experiência de planejamento e implementação de um projeto de extensão universitária que ofereceu orientação a pais com filhos de 0 a 11 anos por meio de chamadas de áudio durante a pandemia. O protocolo de atendimento foi desenvolvido para atender às necessidades de famílias de baixa renda e listava problemas específicos relacionados ao confinamento em casa e ao fechamento das escolas seguidos por uma variedade de estratégias de enfrentamento. A análise de 223 queixas relatadas pelos usuários em 130 ligações revelou que 94% dos problemas referidos pelos pais foram contemplados pelo protocolo de atendimento e estavam relacionados aos problemas externalizantes (39%) ou internalizantes (26%) das crianças ou ao declínio do bem-estar subjetivo dos pais (29%). Serviços de apoio devem orientar os pais quanto ao uso de práticas responsivas e assertivas que promovam o bem-estar emocional da criança e estabeleçam expectativas comportamentais em contextos estressantes. A diminuição dos conflitos entre pais e filhos resultante do uso dessas estratégias tende a reduzir o sofrimento dos pais, aumentando sua sensação de bem-estar subjetivo. Recomenda-se ampla divulgação dessas iniciativas e seguimento dos casos.(AU)
The social distancing the COVID-19 pandemic entailed has led to profound changes in the routine of families with young children, increasing stress in the home environment. This study analyzed the experience of planning and implementing a university extension program that offered support to parents with children from 0 to 11 years old via audio calls during the COVID-19 pandemic. The service protocol was developed to meet the needs of low-income families and listed specific problems related to home confinement and school closure followed by a variety of coping strategies. The analysis of 223 complaints reported by users in 130 calls revealed that 94% of the problems reported by parents were addressed by the protocol and were related to children's externalizing (39%) or internalizing (26%) problems or to the decline in parents' subjective well-being (29%). Support services should guide parents on the use of responsive and assertive practices that promote the child's emotional well-being and set behavioral expectations in stressful contexts. The reduction in conflicts between parents and children resulting from the use of these strategies tends to reduce parents' suffering, increasing their sense of subjective well-being. Wide dissemination of these initiatives and case follow-up are recommended.(AU)
La distancia social causada por la pandemia de COVID-19 condujo a cambios profundos en la rutina de las familias con niños pequeños, aumentando el estrés en el entorno del hogar. Este estudio analizó la experiencia de planificar e implementar un proyecto de extensión universitaria que ofreció orientación a los padres con niños de cero a 11 años a través de llamadas de audio durante la pandemia COVID-19. El protocolo de atención se desarrolló para satisfacer las necesidades de las familias de bajos ingresos y enumeró problemas específicos relacionados con el confinamiento en el hogar y el cierre de la escuela, seguido de una variedad de estrategias de afrontamiento. El análisis de 223 quejas informadas por los usuarios en 130 llamadas reveló que el 94% de los problemas informados por los padres fueron abordados por el protocolo de atención y estaban relacionados con los problemas de externalización (39%) o internalización (26%) de los niños o la disminución del bienestar subjetivo de los padres (29%). Los servicios de apoyo deberían aconsejar a los padres sobre el uso de prácticas receptivas y asertivas que promuevan el bienestar emocional del niño y establezcan expectativas de comportamiento en contextos estresantes. La reducción de los conflictos entre padres e hijos como resultado del uso de estas estrategias tiende a reducir el sufrimiento de los padres, aumentando su sensación de bienestar subjetivo. Se recomienda una amplia difusión de estas iniciativas y seguimiento de casos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Orientation , Parents , Personal Satisfaction , Child , Problem Behavior , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Appetite , Play and Playthings , Problem Solving , Psychology , Psychomotor Agitation , Quality of Life , Reading , Recreation , Remedial Teaching , Respiratory Tract Infections , Safety , Salaries and Fringe Benefits , School Health Services , Self Concept , Autistic Disorder , Sleep , Social Adjustment , Social Conditions , Social Conformity , Social Environment , Social Isolation , Social Problems , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Task Performance and Analysis , Telephone , Temperament , Therapeutics , Time , Unemployment , Violence , Behavior Therapy , Work Hours , Health Policy, Planning and Management , Child Abuse, Sexual , Boredom , Neurosciences , Virus Diseases , Activities of Daily Living , Bereavement , Exercise , Divorce , Child Abuse , Child Development , Mental Health , Mass Vaccination , Relaxation Therapy , Immunization , Self-Injurious Behavior , Civil Rights , Parenting , Panic Disorder , Interview , Cognition , Domestic Violence , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Lecture , Disabled Children , Wit and Humor , Internet , Creativity , Crisis Intervention , Crying , Disaster Vulnerability , Psychosocial Impact , Personal Autonomy , Death , Friends , Aggression , Depression , Drive , Economics , Education, Special , Educational Status , Emotions , Empathy , Faculty , Family Conflict , Family Relations , Fear , Binge Drinking , Meals , Return to Work , Hope , Optimism , Pessimism , Self-Control , Phobia, Social , Psychosocial Support Systems , Work-Life Balance , Adverse Childhood Experiences , Screen Time , Disgust , Sadness , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Psychosocial Intervention , Teleworking , Financial Stress , Food Insecurity , Sentiment Analysis , Sociodemographic Factors , Social Vulnerability , Family Support , Government , Guilt , Holistic Health , Homeostasis , Hospitalization , Household Work , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Anger , Learning , Learning Disabilities , Leisure Activities , Loneliness , Mental DisordersABSTRACT
La evaluación y medición del apego en niños resulta de gran relevancia para la psicología clínica, siendo un campo en desarrollo en nuestro país. En el presente estudio se evalúa la aplicabilidad del instrumento "Cartas para Completar Historias (CCH)" en una muestra de niños chilenos de 6 años de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Este estudio complementa el ya realizado por Valle (2005) con una muestra de niños de nivel socioeconómico medio-alto. Las dimensiones de los estilos de apego que caracterizan esta muestra, indican la tendencia hacia la dimensión de Seguridad y de Desactivación. Se observa como característica de las representaciones vinculares de estos niños la Resolución Positiva y el Sostén de los padres. Jueces expertos en el área de la psicología clínica chilena aportan con sus comentarios acerca de la aplicabilidad de la prueba concluyendo acerca de las ventajas del instrumento en este grupo etario y la importancia del entrenamiento de los examinadores y evaluadores. Palabras claves: Apego, vínculo, parentalidad, evaluación de apego, sostén de padres.
Abstract. The assessment and measuring in children is highly relevant for clinical psychology, being in fact a developing field in our country. This study assesses the applicability of the "Attachment Story Completion TASK (CCH)" instrument using a sample of Chilean children of low socioeconomic status aged 6. This study supports the one already performed by Valle (2005) with a sample of children of mid-high socioeconomic status. The dimensions of the attachment styles that characterize this sample indicate a trend towards the Security and Deactivation dimension. Positive Resolution and Support of the parents is observed as a characteristic of these children's representations of bonding. Experts in the area of Chilean clinical psychology contribute with their comments regarding the applicability of the test, concluding that there are advantages of applying the instrument in this age group and the importance of training examiners and evaluators. Keywords: Attachment, bonding, parenting, parents support, attachment assessment.
ABSTRACT
Resumo O Esporte consiste na principal opção para a prática de atividades físicas entre as crianças e os jovens. Apesar do grande interesse desse público às práticas esportivas, a literatura aponta alto índice de abandono. Motivados por essa conjuntura, o objetivo desse estudo foi verificar o motivo de abandono, mais especificamente, na prática de Ginástica Artística (GA) no contexto das atividades extracurriculares. Entrevistamos praticantes meninas de GA que apresentavam histórico de abandono dessa prática esportiva por determinado período de tempo. Para o tratamento dos dados, optamos pela Análise de Conteúdo proposta por BARDIN. Constatamos que fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos estão vinculados ao processo de abandono da prática desse esporte. Entretanto, os fatores extrínsecos sobrepuseram àqueles intrínsecos, o que evidencia que o ambiente e as condições situacionais e interpessoais exercem maior influência sobre o afastamento das ginastas. Assim, ressaltamos a importância da atenção dos profissionais a esses aspectos para garantir que as atividades atendam às necessidades e aos anseios das ginastas.(AU)
Abstract Sport is the main option for physical activity among children and youth. Despite the great interest of this group with regard to sports practices, the literature indicates a high dropout rate. Motivated by this conjuncture, the objective of this study was to verify the reason for dropout, more specifically, in Women Artistic Gymnastics (WAG) within the context of extracurricular activities. We interviewed practitioners of WAG who have a record regarding withdraw of this sport for a certain period of time. For the data treatment, the content analysis proposed by BARDIN was chosen. We found that intrinsic and extrinsic factors are linked to the process of dropout of this sport. However, the extrinsic factors overlapped those intrinsic, evidencing that the environment and situational and interpersonal conditions exert greater influence on the withdrawing of the gymnasts. Thus, we emphasize the importance of the coaches' attention to these aspects in order to ensure that activities meet the needs and desires of gymnasts.(AU)