Parotid duct anastomosis with an epidural catheter as a stent and evaluation of postoperative gland function / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the feasibility of epidural catheters in parotid gland duct anastomosis and the function of the affected side gland after parotid gland duct anastomosis. @* Methods@# Thirteen patients who were treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Xuzhou Central Hospital using an epidural catheter as the scaffold for parotid gland catheter anastomosis were enrolled from Jan. 2019 to June 2021. The swelling, salivary fistula and catheter patency in the parotid gland area were evaluated two weeks after the operation. 99mTcO4- single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) was used for quantitative detection of salivary gland secretion function@*Results@# Thirteen patients had no swelling or salivary fistula in the parotid gland area of the affected side two weeks after the operation, and the catheter secretion was unobstructed. There was no significant difference in the uptake rate between the parotid gland on the affected side and the parotid gland on the healthy side (t = -0.859, P = 0.399), and there was no significant difference in the excretion rate between the parotid gland on the affected side and the parotid gland on the healthy side (t = 0.693, P = 0.495). The parotid gland excretion function of the affected side was excellent three months after the operation.@*Conclusion @#Parotid duct anastomosis with an epidural catheter as the stent has good feasibility, and parotid gland secretion function recovers well after the operation, which is worthy of clinical application.

Refractory pneumoparotid in children: a case report and literature review / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To discuss the treatment of pneumoparotid and to provide a reference for clinical practice. @*Methods@# A case of refractory pneumoparotid was reported, and the diagnosis and treatment of parotid emphysema were reviewed and analyzed in combination with the literature.@*Results @#This child had parotid gland enlargement without any obvious cause for more than 1 month. Conservative treatment, such as anti-inflammatory agents, psychological interventions and physical compression were ineffective. The patient had a history of cerebral palsy with epilepsy and involuntary cheek bulging behavior. Therefore, we considered it a refractory case. It was cured after parotid duct ligation and partial parotidectomy of the superficial lobe. A literature review showed that a pneumoparotid is a rare parotid enlargement. Most of the clinical cases were considered to be caused by the return of air into the parotid gland through the parotid duct due to an increase in oral pressure. The diagnosis of pneumoparotid mainly depends on intermittent parotid gland swelling and other clinical manifestations and imaging examination methods, such as ultrasound, CT, MRI and angiography. Its treatment mainly includes conservative anti-inflammatory treatment, physical therapy and psychological intervention. Surgical treatment is indicated for refractory parotid emphysema.@*Conclusion@# Pneumoparotid cases may further develop into parotid inflammation, which is generally treated conservatively. For some severe, recurrent and poor compliance cases, surgical treatment is sometimes needed.

Analysis of causes for non-stone parotid obstructions / 口腔疾病防治

@#Parotid obstructions can cause repeated swelling of the glands. Previously, duct stones were thought to be the main cause of obstructions, but salivary gland endoscopy examinations have revealed the absence of stones or foreign bodies in the duct system of the parotid glands with obstructive symptoms. Diseases of the parotid gland with obstructive symptoms include chronic recurrent parotitis, non-stone chronic obstructive parotitis, Sjögren′s syndrome, IgG4-related parotitis and radiation-induced parotitis. The mechanism of obstructions is unknown, and the disease course is prolonged. In this paper, based on a brief analysis of duct stenosis, distortion and mucus emboli, which may lead to parotid obstructions, a new perspective is emphasized: the duct system of the parotid and flowing saliva constitute a microflow field. Based on the principle of fluid mechanics, the flow of saliva in the flow field can be affected by the confluence, diameter changes, and twist of the ducts. This outcome results in changes in the low velocity zone, backflow, counterflow and turbulence; affects saliva flow and normal discharge; and causes symptoms of parotid obstruction. An analysis of the possible mechanisms of parotid obstruction using two variables, duct anatomy and saliva traits, helps explain the causes of nonstone parotid obstructions.

The value of 3D-iMSDE MR neurography in the determination of the anatomical relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts and parotid tumors / 中华放射学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the spatial relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in different types of parotid neoplasms with 3D improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium pulse (3D-iMSDE) MR neurography, and to guide the operation plan.@*Methods@#By means of prospective research methods, the sequences of 3D-iMSDE and 3D-T2-fast field echo (3D-T2-FFE) were obtained in 30 healthy volunteers and 40 patients with parotid gland tumors, respectively. All patients with parotid mass were found by physical examination, by maxillofacial surgeons or by ultrasonography or other imaging examinations. Facial nerve trunk with its first branches and parotid ducts were evaluated independently on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequence for volunteers. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of both facial nerve and parotid ducts were compared respectively in two sequences The relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts with the lesion were analyzed on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences for 40 patients. The results were compared with intra-operative anatomy and post-operative pathological findings.Wilcoxon symbolic rank test, t test and chi-square test were used@*Results@#The image scores of intra-parotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence in all 30 healthy volunteers. The difference was statistically significant (Z=-6.197,P<0.05). Both the facial nerve and parotid duct on images of iMSDE sequence had higher SIR than that of T2-FFE. The differences were statistically significant (t=10.772,11.586, respectively;P<0.05). Forty patients with parotid gland tumors had a total of 41 lesions. Compared with the intraoperative anatomy, the accuracy of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences in showing the relationship between the facial nerve and its primary branches with the mass were 36/41 (87.8%), and 22/41 (53.7%) respectively, and the accuracy of the two sequences in showing the relationship between the dominant duct of the parotid gland and the mass were 38/41 (92.7%) and 30/41 (73.2%), respectively.The accuracy rate in showing the relationship between facial nerve and its primary branch and the mass on images of iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence, and also in showing the relationship of parotid duct and the mass. The statistical differences were significant (χ2=9.725, 5.513;P<0.05,respectively). In the iMSDE sequence, the relationship between the facial nerve and its first branches (temporofacial and cervicofacial division) with the tumor was correctly demonstrated in 36 cases. 38 cases of parotid ducts were satisfactorily displayed on image of iMSDE sequence.@*Conclusions@#The 3D-iMSDE MRN sequence can correctly show the relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid duct and the parotid gland neoplasms.

Evaluation of the Normal Structures of Parotid Duct Using Magnetic Resonance Hydrography / 中国医学科学院学报

To investigate the normal structures of parotid duct by using magnetic resonance(MR)hydrography. MR three-dimensional heavy T2-weighted imaging was performed in 21 normal subjects.After taking 200 mg of vitamin C orally for 3 minutes,the subjects underwent parotid duct coronal hydro-magnetic resonance imaging.The images were transferred to the GE AW4.5 workstation,on which multi-planner reformation was performed using Functool software.The numbers of the parotid duct,accessory parotid duct,segments,and its branches was counted and the length and diameter of the intra-and extra-parotid ducts were measured. Accessory ducts were found in 24 parotid glands(57.1%,24/42),with the average length being(9.54±9.98)mm and the average diameter being(0.87±0.88)mm.The intra-parotid ducts were found to be with 3 segments were in 3 cases(7.14%,3/42),with 2 segments in 19 cases(45.23%,19/42),and with 1 segment in 20 cases(47.62%,20/42).The average number of the branches of the first,second and third segment was 2.38,0.88,and 0.1,respectively.The average length of the intra-parotid duct was(36.97±7.97)mm,with its average diameter being(2.01±0.76)mm.The average length of extra-parotid duct was(34.98±10.25)mm,with its average diameter being(2.13±0.79)mm.The average length of the whole parotid duct was(71.95±11.47)mm,with its average diameter being(2.07±0.68)mm. The parotid duct,the accessory parotid duct,and the segments and their branches of the intra-parotid duct can be accurately displayed by MR hydrography.

The value of 3D-iMSDE MR neurography in the determination of the anatomical relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts and parotid tumors / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the spatial relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in different types of parotid neoplasms with 3D improved motion-sensitized driven-equilibrium pulse (3D-iMSDE) MR neurography, and to guide the operation plan. Methods By means of prospective research methods, the sequences of 3D-iMSDE and 3D-T2-fast field echo (3D-T2-FFE) were obtained in 30 healthy volunteers and 40 patients with parotid gland tumors, respectively. All patients with parotid mass were found by physical examination, by maxillofacial surgeons or by ultrasonography or other imaging examinations. Facial nerve trunk with its first branches and parotid ducts were evaluated independently on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequence for volunteers. The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of both facial nerve and parotid ducts were compared respectively in two sequences The relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid ducts with the lesion were analyzed on images of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences for 40 patients. The results were compared with intra-operative anatomy and post-operative pathological findings.Wilcoxon symbolic rank test, t test and chi-square test were used Results The image scores of intra-parotid facial nerve and parotid ducts in iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence in all 30 healthy volunteers. The difference was statistically significant (Z=-6.197,P<0.05). Both the facial nerve and parotid duct on images of iMSDE sequence had higher SIR than that of T2-FFE. The differences were statistically significant (t=10.772,11.586, respectively;P<0.05). Forty patients with parotid gland tumors had a total of 41 lesions. Compared with the intraoperative anatomy, the accuracy of iMSDE and T2-FFE sequences in showing the relationship between the facial nerve and its primary branches with the mass were 36/41 (87.8%), and 22/41 (53.7%) respectively, and the accuracy of the two sequences in showing the relationship between the dominant duct of the parotid gland and the mass were 38/41 (92.7%) and 30/41 (73.2%), respectively.The accuracy rate in showing the relationship between facial nerve and its primary branch and the mass on images of iMSDE sequence were higher than that of T2-FFE sequence, and also in showing the relationship of parotid duct and the mass. The statistical differences were significant (χ2=9.725, 5.513;P<0.05,respectively). In the iMSDE sequence, the relationship between the facial nerve and its first branches (temporofacial and cervicofacial division) with the tumor was correctly demonstrated in 36 cases. 38 cases of parotid ducts were satisfactorily displayed on image of iMSDE sequence. Conclusions The 3D-iMSDE MRN sequence can correctly show the relationship between intraparotid facial nerve and parotid duct and the parotid gland neoplasms.

A fast adaptive active contour model based on local gray difference for parotid duct / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To establish a fast adaptive active contour model based on local gray difference for parotid duct image segmentation.@*METHODS@#On the basis of the LBF model, we added the mean difference of the local gray scale inside and outside the contour as the energy term of the driving evolution curve, and the local gray-scale variance difference was used to replace and as the control term of the energy parameter value. Two local similarity factors of different neighborhood sizes were introduced to correct the effects of image gray unevenness and boundary blur to improve the segmentation efficiency.@*RESULTS@#During image segmentation, this algorithm allowed for adaptive adjustment of the evolution direction, velocity and the energy weight of the internal and external regions according to the difference of gray mean and variance between the internal and external regions. This algorithm was also capable of detecting the actual boundary in a complex gradient boundary region, thus enabling the evolution curve to approach the target boundary quickly and accurately.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The proposed algorithm is superior to the existing segmentation algorithms and allows fast and accurate segmentation of the parotid duct with well-preserved image details.

A better facial contour accomplished by parotid duct preserving superficial parotidectomy

Depression of facial contour after parotidectomy is still challenging to many of surgeons. A 68-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of a painless swelling in both parotid area. The mass was multiple and fixed at the parotid region. We conducted a parotid duct preserving bilateral superficial parotidectomy by one-stage operation to remove the multiple tumors. A lazy S incision was made in both preauricular area and the peripheral branches of the facial nerve were identified using surgical landmark. After dissecting the branches of the facial nerve and parotid duct, main parotid duct was preserved but only small fine ductules from the superficial lobe were ligated. Parotid gland was excised from its anterior aspect with about 1 cm of normal parotid tissue margin. The patient was followed up for 6 years to evaluate postoperative parotid gland function and the computed tomography (CT) was taken. Patient was satisfied with no significant complication such as sunken changes in facial contour, facial nerve function. As far as we know, it is the first study to compare long-term soft tissue contours of soft tissue of duct preserving superficial parotidectomy with duct sacrificing superficial parotidectomy by means of CT findings.

Concomitant Anomalous Branching of Facial Nerve and Double Parotid Duct: A Case Report

The facial nerve divides within the parotid gland into upper temporozygomatic and lower cervicofacial branches. The two branches further subdivide and emerge from the parotid gland as five main branches. We observed a rare anomalous branching pattern of the facial nerve along with double parotid duct on the right side of a 50-year-old male cadaver. The two parotid ducts emerged at the level of the anterior border of parotid gland then united to form one single duct thereby opened into the oral cavity. The first duct (D1) emerged from the upper one third of the anterior border of the parotid gland and traversed horizontally for 9 mm to join the second duct. Knowledge of anomalous branching pattern of facial nerve and double parotid ducts may be beneficial for maxillofacial surgeons.

Value of visualization of the intraparotid facial nerve and parotid duct using a micro surface coil and three-dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession with fat-suppression sequence / 中华放射学杂志

Objective To explore the value of small surface coil combine with three-dimensional fast imaging with steady state precession and fat-suppression (3D-FISP-FS) sequence in displaying intra-parotid facial nerves segment and parotid ducts.Methods The parotid regions of 18 healthy volunteers who were excluded any parotid diseases were scanned by head&neck coil (36 sides) and 4 cm small surface coil (32 sides) combined with 3D-FISP-FS sequence prospectively. The obtained original images were treated through MIP, MPR and CPR, The MRI signal characteristics of parotid region structure, the subjective score of image quality, the signal intensity ratio (SIR) of facial nerve/parotid tissue (SIR N) and parotid duct/parotid tissue (SIRD) was calculated, and the displaying rates of the facial nerves and parotid ducts were observed. Wilcoxon matched-samples signed rank sum test was used to compare the scores of head&neck coil and small coil 3D-FISP-FS sequence images, paired t test was used to compare SIRN, SIRD of the two groups, Chi-square test was used to compare of the displaying rate of the facial nerves and parotid ducts in two groups. Results Eighteen volunteers were successfully performed MRI scan of parotid gland. On 3D-FISP-FS sequence images, the parotid gland was showed slightly low signal intensity, muscle tissue was showed medium signal intensity, the vessels were showed slightly high or high signal, parotid segment of facial nerve was showed tortuous line-like high signal intensity, and parotid duct was showed curve high signal intensity, lymph nodes were showed kidney shaped, oval or spindle shaped high signal intensity structures. The subjective scores for head and neck coil and coil images were (2.0 ± 0.9) and (1.5 ± 0.7) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.714, P=0.007), image quality of small coil group was better than that of head and neck coil group. The SIRN of the two groups was 1.7±0.8 and 2.1± 1.2 respectively, and the SIRD was 1.8±0.7 and 2.5±1.7 respectively, which showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (t value was 2.978, 2.427 respectively, P value was 0.006, 0.031 respectively).All facial nerve trunks could be displayed by head and neck coil and small coil. On head and neck coil images, 25 sides of temporofacial truck, 15 sides of cervicofacial truck, 17 sides of temporofacial branches, 11 sides of cervicofacial branches, 16 sides of the parotid duct could be displayed. On small coil images, 30 sides of temporofacial truck, 28 sides of cervicofacial truck, 26 sides of temporofacial branches, 23 sides of cervicofacial branches, 27 sides of the parotid duct could be displayed, which showed a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion Small surface coil performed better in parotid MR imaging with 3D-FISP-FS sequence than that of head and neck coil, which can simultaneous clearly display the trunk and branches of the intra-parotid facial nerves and parotid ducts.

Niels Stensen and the discovery of the parotid duct / Niels Stensen y el descubrimiento del conducto parotídeo

Niels Stensen was a renowned Danish scientist, theologian and Catholic bishop. Stensen's early career was devoted to anatomy and it is in this discipline that he made many important contributions. His method in anatomy was rooted in systematic observations based on meticulously executed dissections of human and animal cadavers, as well as experiments on animals. His first important discovery in the field of anatomy, which is the main focus of this paper, was the discovery of the parotid duct. The discovery brought Stensen recognition and fame but only after a controversy in which he was accused of plagiarism by his mentor Gerard Blaes. Although still in an early stage of his career Stensen dealt with the accusation masterfully, producing further research which confirmed him as the discoverer of the parotid duct.

Niels Stensen fue un renombrado científico danés, obispo y teólogo católico. A principios de su carrera Stensen se dedicó a la anatomía, disciplina en la cual logró muchas contribuciones importantes. Su método de anatomía se fundamentaba en observaciones sistemáticas basadas en disecciones de cadáveres humanos y de animales ejecutadas meticulosamente, así como los experimentos con animales. Su primer descubrimiento importante en el campo de la anatomía, que constituye el tema principal de este trabajo, fue el descubrimiento del conducto parotídeo. El descubrimiento le trajo el reconocimiento y fama a Stensen, pero sólo después de una polémica en la que se le acusaba de plagio por su mentor Gerard Blaes. A pesar de haber estado en una etapa temprana de su carrera, Stensen se hizo cargo de la acusación con maestría, produciendo una mayor investigación que lo confirma como el descubridor del conducto parotídeo.

Parotid fistula due to iatrogenic parotid duct injury.

The most common cause of parotid fistula is trauma, operative complications followed by malignancy and infection. Injury to the duct may be difficult to diagnose unless one has high index of suspicion while operating in the parotid region. Sequelae of inadequate diagnosis and treatment include parotid fistula and sialocele formation which are inconvenient for the patient and difficult to treat. We are reporting a case of parotid fistula due to injury to parotid duct following extensive debridement for necrotising fasciitis of cheek extending to the neck following tooth extraction.

Stone of Stensen's Duct Removal by Modified Blair Incision / 대한이비인후과학회지

Parotid sialolithiasis accounts for 10 to 20% of all cases of sialolithiasis that involves the head and neck and presents management challenges for a variety of reasons. In this report, we present a rare case of removing a double stone in Stensen's duct by anexternal approach (open parotid sialolithotomy).

Down's syndrome patient with multiple sialoliths in Stenson's duct.

The presence of multiple sialoliths (calculi) in parotid duct is considered extremely rare. Parotid duct sialoliths are usually small and single. Multiple calculi formation, in any case, is an uncommon finding in the salivary glands. Salivary lithiasis is comparatively common in the Wharton's duct due to its tortuous ascending course and chemical composition of saliva of submandibular gland. The mechanism of sialolith formation in Down's syndrome patients is not completely known, and there are seldom cases reported in the literature available. The present case report is a very rare combination of a Down's syndrome with multiple sialoliths in Stenson's duct of left parotid gland in a 21year old male patient.

Rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct presenting as a parotid duct cyst - A report of three cases.

Rhinosporidiosis is a chronic granulomatous infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. Rhinosporidiosis has been reported from many countries but is endemic in certain parts of India and Sri Lanka. The common sites of involvement are the nose and nasopharynx followed by ocular tissue. Rhinosporidiosis is also known to involve many rare sites and may become disseminated to occur in a generalized form. Rhinosporidiosis of the parotid duct is rare and only five reported cases could be found in the literature. We report three cases of rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct presenting clinically as a parotid duct cyst. Rhinosporidiosis was diagnosed by histopathology. None of these patients had rhinosporidiosis at any other site

Manejo conservador de pseudoquiste salival parotídeo postraumático: Reporte de un caso / Conservative management of post-traumatic parotid salivary pseudocyst: A case report

Debido a su compleja anatomía, las lesiones en la región bucal pueden llevar a múltiples complicaciones. Si bien el nervio facial y el conducto parotídeo pueden ser fácilmente heridos por golpes fuertes o traumatismos penetrantes de la mejilla, la lesión del conducto parotídeo es, en general, pasada por alto (especialmente en entornos de múltiples lesiones) y rara vez es reportada en la literatura. El tratamiento de estas lesiones genera controversias, ya que series cortas y estudios de casos anecdóticos reportan su efectividad desde diversos enfoques (el tratamiento no quirúrgico, la ligadura del conducto proximal con o sin medicamentos antisialorreicos, la reparación primaria con microcirugía, la creación de la fístula sialoplastía usando mucosa oral y la sustitución de injerto venoso). Reportamos un método conservador, ideado por los autores, con el objetivo de drenar y mantener funcional al conducto de Stenon en un paciente masculino que presentó pseudoquiste salival derecho como complicación de un desgarro de la parte distal de este conducto por un trauma maxilofacial causado por accidente automovilístico.

Given the complex anatomy of the mouth, injuries occurring in this region can result in multiple complications. The facial nerve and parotid duct can be easily injured by blows or trauma penetrating the cheek. Parotid duct injury is generally overlooked, especially in settings of multiple injuries. Consequently, they are rarely reported in the literature. The treatment of these injuries is very controversial. Short series and anecdotal case studies claim success with various approaches, such as non-surgical treatment, proximal duct glide with or without antisialogogue medication, primary repair with microsurgery, the creation of the fistula sialoplasty using oral mucosa and vein graft replacement. We present a conservative approach devised by the authors, with the aim of draining and maintaining Stenon's duct functional in a male patient who presented right salivary pseudocyst, as a complication from a tear of the distal part of the duct, following maxillofacial trauma caused by a car accident.

Topografia da papila parotídea em cães da raça Dachshund / Parotid papilla topography in dog Dachshund

A topografia da papila parotídea e do seu ducto excretor têm sido objeto de estudos, devido à necessidade deste conhecimento para o seu acesso em procedimentos em exames clínicos e cirúrgicos. O presente trabalho visou determinar a localização de abertura do ducto parotídeo, por meio da identificação da papila parotídea em cães da raça Dachshund, estabelecendo sua sintopia com os dentes da arcada superior. Foram examinados 50 animais adultos, 25 machos e 25 fêmeas, da raça Dachshund, onde 84% destes animais apresentaram a papila parotídea ao nível do 4º dente pré- molar superior, 12% entre o 4º dente pré-molar superior e 1º dente molar superior e 4% ao nível do 1º dente molar superior. Diante dos resultados foi possível concluir que a papila parotídea em cães da raça Dachshund ocorreu com maior freqüência ao nível do 4º dente pré-molar superior, apresentando simetria bilateral em todos os casos.

The topography of the parotid papilla and its excretory duct have been objective research, due to the need for this knowledge to their access to procedures in clinical and surgical. This study aims to determine the location of parotid duct opening through the identification of the parotid papilla in dogs Dachshund, establishing its syntopy with the teeth of upper jaw. We examined 50 adult animals, 25 males and 25 females, the Dachshund, where 84% of animals showed the papilla parotid at the 4th tooth premolar, 12% between the 4th tooth premolar and 1st molar tooth top and 4 % at the 1st molar tooth. From the results it was concluded that the parotid papilla in dogs Dachshund occurred frequently at the 4th premolar tooth was still observed bilateral symmetry in all animals studied.

Three Cases of Surgical Repair of Traumatic Parotid Duct Injury / 대한이비인후과학회지

It is important to both recognize parotid duct injuries and immediately repair them to prevent complications that accompany these injuries. Although there have been some reports of successful conservative treatments of the parotid duct injury, many authors recommend early surgical repair of the parotid duct and, when possible, primary anastomosis as the best treatment. Sialography is very useful for the diagnosis of parotid duct injury and can also support the information of parotid duct system. We present three cases of successful treatment of parotid duct injury with surgical repair. Also, we discuss about the effectiveness of surgical repair of parotid duct injury and how to assess it preoperatively.

Rhinosporidiosis of parotid duct.

Rhinosporidiosis is a benign chronic granulomatous infection caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi. Rhinosporidiosis is endemic in south Asia, notably in southern India and Sri Lanka. Majority of the cases have been reported to occur in upper respiratory sites, notably anterior nares, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx and soft palate. Only two rare cases of involvement of parotid duct, have been reported in literature. Hence, this case will probably be the third to be reported.

Parotid gland with double duct: an anatomic variation description / Glándula parótida con doble conducto: descripción de una variación anatómica

The parotid is the largest salivary gland in humans producing an essentially serous secretion, which normally reaches the oral cavity through a sole duct (the parotid duct) after the latter making its way through the buccinator muscle to reach the mucosa lining the mouth at the level of the cheek. The present study reports on a rare case of double parotid duct found during the dissection the right side of the face of a cadaver of a 46-year-old male individual. The superior (Dl) and inferior (D2) ducts were 26.49 mm and 37.25 mm long, respectively. Based on the diameter of both ducts (Dl and D2) taken in the posterior (3.05 mm and 2.84 mm, respectively) and mid (2.84 mm and 2.68 mm, respectively) thirds, as well as on the histological findings, both ducts were considered to be main parotid ducts. These two ducts merged at the level of the anterior third forming one sole opening into the oral cavity. The data hereby reported are relevant to the various clinical and surgical procedures involving the parotid gland.

La parótida es la glándula salival más grande presente en el hombre y su producto de secreción, básicamente seroso, es normalmente dirigido hasta la cavidad oral, a través de un único canal parotídeo que, luego de perforar el músculo buccinador, desemboca en la mucosa de la mejilla. Este trabajo muestra un caso raro de doble canal parotídeo hallado durante la diseccción de un cadáver de sexo masculino, de 46 años de edad, en el lado derecho del rostro. Los canales superior (DI) e inferior (D2), presentaron una longitud de 26,49 mm y 37,25 mm, respectivamente. En base a los diámetros presentados por los canales en los tercios posterior (DI 3,05mm; D2 2,84 mm) y medio (DI 2,84mm; D2 2,68 mm) y de acuerdo con los hallazgos histológicos, ambos fueron considerados principales. En el tercio más anterior los canales se fusionaron, presentando una única apertura en la cavidad oral. Las informaciones presentadas en este documento son relevantes para diferentes procedimientos clínicos y quirúrgicos que tengan relación con la glándula parótida.