ABSTRACT
Objective] To explore the evolution of the names of smallpox. [Method] Reviewing the names and symptoms of rash diseases in ancient medical works, clarify the history of smallpox.[Result] The original name of smallpox is“ luchuang”“ wandouchuang”, referring to a single disease; in Songjinyuan Periods, the name was changed to “ chuangzhen”“ douzhen”, confusing with other rash diseases; in Ming Dynasty, the name was changed to“ douchuang”“ douzheng”, referring to a single disease again;smallpox appeared in Qing Dynasty. [Conclusion] Smallpox, a single disease at first, was confused with other rash diseases such as measles, and then differentiated from other rash diseases gradually. The evolution reflects the progress of traditional Chinese medicine in practical experience and theoretical summary.