Determination of pentachlorophenol in wooden chopping boards with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry / 预防医学

Objective@#To optimize the determination of pentachlorophenol in wooden chopping boards through pretreatment of miniaturized samples.@*Methods@# The pretreated wooden chopping board samples were subjected to ultrasound extraction (1 mL of 0.5 mol/L K2CO3 added in 5 mL extraction solution) in 8 mL acetone and 2 mL water, followed by derivatization with 0.3 mL acetic anhydride, extraction with n-hexane and separation with DB-5ms column (30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm). Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with quantitative analysis using the internal standard method.@*Results@#The GC-MS/MS assay showed a good linear relationship within the range of 0.01 to 0.2 µg/mL (R2>0.999), with a 0.003 mg/kg limit of detection and 0.01 mg/kg limit of quantitation. The mean recovery rates were 84.2% to 96.7% at spiked concentrations of 0.003, 0.01 and 0.03 mg/kg, with relative standard deviation of 2.2% to 6.1%.@*Conclusions@#The established GC-MS/MS assay is easy to perform, environment-friendly, highly accurate and sensitivity, which is feasible for determination of pentachlorophenol in wooden chopping boards.

Analyses of Water and Methanol Extractable Pentachlorophenol in Soils Using Vortex-assisted Liquid-liquid Extraction and Gas Chromatography / 分析化学

An analytical procedure for the determination of water-and methanol-extractable pentachlorophenol ( PCP) in soils using vortex assisted liquid-liquid extraction ( VALLE ) and gas chromatography ( GC ) was developed. Significant extraction parameters, such as liquid-liquid ratio and vortex speed were optimized. The recovery of PCP was the highest ( 97. 4%) at the vortex rotation speed of 2000 r/min, with good reproducbility and a small relative sdandard deviation ( RSD, 0. 5%), with regard to the volume ratio of derivatization solution to n-hexane, the recovery of PCP was 103% with an RSD of 0. 7% at 10:4. The linearity of the calibration ranged from 1. 25 μg/L to 4000 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient ( R2 ) of 0. 9999. The detection limit of the PCP in water was below 0. 2 μg/L. Compared with traditional liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE) and solid phase extraction ( SPE) , the VALLE method was more simple and more economic in terms of chemical consumption, also with a recovery of 96. 8% and a RSD of 3. 7%. Four different soils were used to check the reliability of this method. The soils were respectively extracted with water once and methanol three times. The total recoveries were 89. 5%-98. 9% and 88. 7%-98. 4% at the PCP spiking level of 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. It is concluded that the VALLE method satisfied the extraction and determination of water and methanol extractable PCP in soils with varying PCP polluting rates.

Bioremediation of PCP by Trichoderma and Cunninghamella Strains Isolated from Sawdust

Four fungal isolates, SD12, SD14, SD19 and SD20 isolated from the aged sawdust grew on agar plates supplemented with PCP up to a concentration of 100 mg L-1. At high PCP concentration, isolate SD12 showed the highest radial growth rate of 10 mm day-1, followed by SD14 and SD19 both with 4.5 mm day-1 and SD20 with 4.2 mm day-1. Ultrastructural study on the effect of PCP on the PCP tolerant fungi using scanning electron microscope showed that high concentration of PCP caused the collapse of both fungal hyphae and spores. Among the four PCP tolerant fungi examined, isolate SD12 showed the least structural damage at high PCP concentration of 100 mg L-1. This fungal isolate was further characterized and identified as Cunninghamella sp. UMAS SD12. Preliminary PCP biodegradation trial performed in liquid minimal medium supplemented with 20 mg L-1 of PCP using Cunninghamella sp. UMAS SD12 showed that the degradation up to 51.7% of PCP in 15 days under static growth condition.

Influence of lignin, pentachlorophenol and heavy metal on antibiotic resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from pulp paper mill effluent contaminated river water.

Pulp paper mill pollutants are the major source of aquatic contamination having metals, lignin and chlorophenols. Study was conducted to see the effect of these contaminants on antibiotic resistance pattern of isolated bacteria. Pulp paper effluents were evaluated for its physico-chemical properties i.e, BOD 72143±164. 81 to 22.32±2.48, COD 213136±583.59 to 60.40±6.34, total phenol 386±71.24 to 0.43±0.0, lignin 26312±258.59 to 73.67±31.81and microbial quality i.e. K. pneumonae, S. typhi, S. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, E.coli, Ent. faecalis, A. hydrophila, B. subtilis, S.aureus, Y. enterolitica and V. vulrificus. Antibiotic sensitivity (10-30 ?g), heavy metal resistance (100-1000 ?g ml-1), lignin (1000-10,000 ppm) and pentachlorophenol (100-1000 ppm) tolerance of bacterial strains were assessed by seven classes of antibiotics. Eleven bacterial isolates were found multidrug resistant towards antibiotics, heavy metal, lignin and PCP. Out of 11 isolates, 90.9% were found resistant against eleven antibiotics which acquired 100% resistant in presence of heavy metal, lignin and chlorophenols. Results also revealed that concentration of lignin (50-350 ppm) and PCP (5-30 ppm) induced maximum growth (273-8050 cfu ml-1) of pathogenic bacteria in river water.

Pentachlorophenol removal by Pleurotus pulmonarius in submerged cultures

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) removal by Pleurotus pulmonarius grown in submerged cultures in the presence and absence of laccase inducers was studied in this work. When PCP was added to a final concentration of 25 mg·L-1 in submerged cultures actively producing laccase, 70 percent of the PCP was removed after 96 h. The removal of PCP was less than 20 percent in the cultures with low laccase activity. The results suggested that laccase played an important role in the biodegradation of PCP by P. pulmonarius and that for bioremediation purposes the fungus must be cultured under the conditions of active laccase production.

Tratamento anaeróbio de pentaclorofenol em reator de leito fluidificado alimentado com água residuária sintética contendo glicose como fonte única de carbono / Anaerobic treatment of pentachlorophenol in a fluidized bed reactor fed with synthetic wastewater containing glucose as a single carbon source

Neste trabalho foi utilizado um reator anaeróbio de leito fluidificado (RALF), tratando água residuária sintética contendo pentaclorofenol (PCP), submetido a condições operacionais menos idealizadas. Utilizou-se um reator com volume de 16 litros, com partículas de carvão ativado granular como meio suporte. O desempenho do reator foi verificado pelas análises usuais de monitoramento (pH, alcalinidade, DQO, ácidos voláteis) e também por análises de microscopia e concentração de PCP. A presença de PCP no sistema, nas concentrações utilizadas, não alterou de maneira significativa a qualidade da biomassa presente, e nem os parâmetros de monitoramento. Em concentrações afluentes de PCP variando de 1 a 6 mg/L, foram observadas eficiências médias de remoção de 92 por cento e 70 por cento, respectivamente.

In the present work, an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) was used for the treatment of a synthetic wastewater containing pentachlorophenol (PCP) subjected to less idealized operating conditions. The reactor was a 16 litres tank with granular activated carbon particles as support media. Evaluation of AFBR performance was done by the analysis of usual monitoring parameters (pH, alkalinity, COD, volatile acids) together with microscopy and PCP concentration analysis. The presence of PCP under the concentrations used did not significantly alter the amount of biomass and the performance monitoring parameters. Removal average efficiencies of the order of 92 percent and 70 percent were obtained for PCP inflow concentrations in the range of 1 to 6mg/l.

Rizoremediação de pentaclorofenol em um solo argiloso por sphingomonas chlorophenolica ATCC 39723 / Pentachlorophenol rhizoremediation in a loamy soil by sphingomonas chlorophenolica ATCC 39723

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a degradação de PCP por Sphingomonas chlorophenolicaem solo argiloso na presença e ausência de trigo. As concentrações de PCP foram determinadas através de Análises de Alta Performance de Cromatografia Líquida. Os efeitos tóxicos de PCP foram estudados através do monitoramento do crescimento das plantas. A biodegradação de PCP por S. chlorophenolica foi acompanhada por testes de bioluminescência de Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607 e contagens bacterianas no solo e nas raízes. A degradação de PCP ocorreu de forma mais rápida no solo plantado e inoculado quando comparada ao solo sem plantas. Houve um aumento significativo nas populações dos organismos testados nas raízes quando comparadas com as populações presentes no solo. O monitoramento do crescimento da planta mostrou o papel protetor exercido pela S.chlorophenolica contra a toxicidade do PCP.

The main objective of this study was study the PCP degradation by Sphingomonas chlorophenolica in a loamy soil in the presence and absence of plants (Winter wheat). Measurements of PCP concentrations were carried out in a laboratory basis using High performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC). The toxic effect of PCP on plants was studied through the monitoring of the plant growth. The biodegradation of PCP by S. chlorophenolica in soil was assessed with a bioluminescence assay of Escherichia coli HB101 pUCD607 and bacterial analyses in roots and soil. The planted and inoculated soil showed a faster degradation when compared to the inoculated soil without plants. There was a significative increase in the populations of the organisms tested in the roots when compared to the soil. The monitoring of the plant growth showed a protective role of S. chlorophenolica against the toxicity of PCP in the loamy soil.

Advances in Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Pentachlorophenol / 环境与健康杂志

Sodium pentachlorophenol (Na-PCP) has been used in China for years as a molluscacide to kill on-comelania, which is an intermediate host of schistosome. Large amounts of the powerful pesticide spayed over vast areas to control schistosomiasis contaminated the surface water sources, soil, sediment, animals and plants. Also it intruded into human body through food chain. Recently many studies that concern the endocrine disrupting effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) were conducted. Animal studies showed that PCP/ Na-PCP could interfere in the normal function of thyroxine in many species, but without any effects on estrogen and testosterone. It was also found that PCP/ Na-PCP could effectively inhibit the activity of the human progesterone receptor (hPR) in yeast and interfere with the binding of physiological ligands to steroid receptors and binding proteins. Some epidemiologic data showed that PCP might interfere the normal endocrine function of female and paternal occupational exposure to PCP/Na-PCP could be associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies or other adverse reproductive outcomes in offspring. All these findings indicate that pentachlorophenol could disrupt the normal function of endocrine system, but to con-firm that pentachlorophenol is one kind of endocrine disruptor and understand thoroughly the mechanism of PCP on endocrine system, more studies are needed.

Determination of Pentachlorophenol in Water by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the method for determination of pentachlorophenol(PCP) in water by headspace solid phase microextraction(SPME) gas chromatography. Methods Pentachlorophenol in water samples was extracted using optimized SPME technology, separated by SE30 chromatographic column and the content of pentachlorophenol in water was determined by electron capture detector (ECD) under the conditions: adjusting water samples to pH 2.0, to maintain an agitating equilibrium concentrations at 60 ℃ for 40 min, headspace absorption for 10 min using extraction head holding polyacrylic ester-coated microfiber (0.83 ?m in thickness), desorption at 280 ℃ for 3 min. Results The detection limit of the method was 0.13 ?g/L. The correlation coefficient r=0.999 was noticed in range of pentachlorophenol concentrations 0-12 ?g/L. When adding standard material of pentachlorophenol at concentrations of 1 ?g/L, 6 ?g/L, 10 ?g/L, the recovery rates were 88.9%-105.0%, 88.9%-102.8% and 98.0%-99.5% respectively and the RSD were 4.9%-8.4%, 3.1%-8.5% and 4.0%-5.4%(n=6)respectively. Conclusion The method was simple, sensitive, stable and without solvent pollution, which was an ideal method for determination of pentachlorophenol in water.