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Lip prints permanency, finger print as well as the number of easily observable and measurable characteristics have been one of the most suitable parameters for studying personal identification. The study, aimed at determining the relationship between lip and finger prints with relation to sex among Ebira Ethnic Group of Nigeria Four hundred and. ten subjects (205 males and 205 females) aged between 18-65 years, participated in the study. Fischer's formula or infinite population was used to calculate the optimal sample size. Lip prints of the participants were collected using lip gloss and microscopic slides pressed gently on the lips, ink powder is slightly blown on the slides to show the prints.A HP G3110 Scanjet Scanner (9000 x 4800 dpi resolution) which is a classical type of scanner was used to determine digital patterns of the fingers. SPSS version 20.0 was used in analysing the data. Statistical significance was put into consideration using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) when (P = 0.05 or P ? 0.05). The predominant lip print pattern of the upper and lower lip of both sexes distributed as Type II and Type IV which are sexually dimorphic, on both hands the most prominent finger print pattern was the loop for both female and males which shows no significant sex difference. The association between lip and finger prints was significant. This is very important in personal identification in forensics.
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Bite marks are increasingly common in violent cases such as child abuse and sex crimes. Bite marks are often the result of a suspect's attack or a victim's self-defense. Because human teeth vary in size, shape and arrangement, bite marks on objects such as skin and food are characteristic. By using this principle, forensic odontology can identify or exclude suspects by comparing actual bite marks with the teeth marks in the mouth. In this paper, the practical application of bite mark evidence, the research status and problems of bite mark analysis are briefly reviewed, and the prospect of bite mark analysis is also discussed.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Bites, Human , Child Abuse , Face , Forensic Dentistry , ToothABSTRACT
Background: The challenges faced by man in early days to provide the identity of an individual. Identity meansdetermination of distinctiveness of a person, which is very important in legal medicine and criminal investigation.Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation that deals with the identification based on lip traces. The lip prints areindividualistic like the finger prints and do not undergo alteration during the life of an individual. The aim of thepresent study to assess the lip print pattern of different individual in different quadrant of lip and to evaluate thelip prints for their uniqueness.Materials and method:The study was conducted on 100 medical students (50male and 50 females) of 18-23years from A.J.Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalore. Lip stick was applied on the lips and print was takenwith the help of white bond paper. While studying the lip print 4 quadrants were made on the lips as upper rightand upper left and lower right and lower left. Predominant pattern in each quadrant is obtained by using Suzuki’sclassification and result s are analyzed statistically by calculating the percentage for each pattern in eachquadrant of lip.Result: The present study showed type 1(vertical) was the overall most common pattern among both male andfemales.In males, 40% were having type1(vertical), 26.5% of type3(branched), 13.5% of type2(partial length),12% of type 5(intersected) and 8% of type4 (reticular).In females, 37.5% were having type1(vertical), 22.5% of type2(partial length), 22% of type3(branched), 11% oftype 4 (reticular),and 7% of type 5(intersected).Conclusion: Study revealed that the lip prints pattern for each individual in each quadrant is unique. Lip printpatterns are constant do not change with time.Because of its uniqueness and constant nature it can be used inthe personal identification mainly for criminal and legal investigations.
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La identificación categórica de un cadáver no sólo es importante por razones humanitarias y emocionales, sino también por sus efectos legales y administrativos. Durante el proceso de identificación humana, toda la información necesaria se obtiene del cuerpo desconocido de la víctima, permitiendo cumplir el objetivo de que su perfil sea reconstruido. Se utilizan sistemas de marcado y etiquetado de prótesis dentales en diferentes situaciones, detallándose métodos directos e indirectos para tal fin. Se propone la incorporación del número del documento nacional de identidad (DNI) en todas las prótesis removibles y fijas, con el fin de adoptar un único y definitivo código de identificación personal con el objetivo de lograr un método uniforme, estandarizado, sencillo y rápido para la identificación forense en pacientes atendidos en la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.
The categorical identification of a corpse is not only important for humanitarian and emotional reasons, but also for legal andadministrative purposes. During the human identification process, all necessary information is gathered from the unknown body of thevictim and hence that an objective reconstructed profile can be established. Denture marking and labeling systems are being used in varioussituations, and a number of direct and indirect methods are reported. Is proposed that national identity number (DNI) be incorporated inall removable and fixed prostheses, so as to adopt a single and definitive personal identification code with the aim of achieving a uniform,standardized, easy, and fast identification method in patients treated at the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Buenos Aires forforensic identification.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Clinical Coding/methods , Denture Identification Marking/methods , Forensic Dentistry/trends , Electronic Data Processing/methods , Civil Codes/methods , Denture, Partial, Fixed , Victims IdentificationABSTRACT
Objective To explore the application value of InnoTyper? 21 kit in forensic practice. Methods Samples of hair shafts and saliva were collected from 8 unrelated individuals. Template DNA was ex-tracted by AutoMate ExpressTM forensic DNA automatic extraction system. DNA was amplified by Inno-Typer? 21 kit and AmpFeSTRTM IdentifilerTM Plus kit, respectively, and then the results were compared. Results After the amplification by InnoTyper ? 21 kit, complete specific genotyping could be detected from the saliva samples, and the peak value of genotyping profiles of hair shafts without sheath cells was 57-1219 RFU. Allelic gene deletion could be found sometimes. When amplified by AmpFeSTRTM IdentifilerTM Plus kit, complete specific genotyping could be detected from the saliva samples , and the specific fragment was not detected in hair shafts without sheath cells. Conclusion The InnoTyper? 21 kit has certain application value in the cases of hair shafts without sheath cells.
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Objective To investigate personal identification of mixed seminal stain of two individuals, we combined the detection of genotyping autosomal, Y and X STR and sequencing mtDNA hypervariable Ⅰ (HV Ⅰ ) region. Methods We analyzed autosomal, Y and X STR with commercial kit and separating and sequencing HVⅠfragments of mixed seminal stain from two males by SSCP electrophoresis. Results Four genetic markers of the high amount sample can be obtained when mixed ratio is more than 1:10. When the proportion of two samples is close, the suspect could be excluded or, to some extent, identified by comparing with our results. Conclusion The combined detection of four genetic marker systems can, to some degree, solve the personal identification from mixed seminal stain of two individuals.
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Objective To identify the Y-chromosomal genetic types for the soldier's remains from Huaihai Campaign,and to offer a clue for search of their paternal relatives.Methods DNA of the remains were extracted by the ancient DNA extraction method.Yfiler kit was used for the multiplex amplification of 17 Y-STR loci.The haplogroups of the samples were speculated.Detailed genotyping of the selected Y-SNP was performed based on the latest Y-chromosome phylogenetic tree.Haplotype-sharing analysis was done based on the data of Y-SNP and Y-STR,the closest modern individual information to the genetic relationship of remains was gained.Results A total of 8 Y-STR haplotypes were observed on 17 Y-STR loci of 8 male individuals.Furthermore,6 Y-SNP haplogroups were identified,which were O2a1-M95+,O1a1-P203+,O3*-M122+/M234-,D1-M15+,C3*-ST and R1a1-M17+.Conclusion Identification of Y-chromosomal genetic types for the soldier's remains from Huaihai Campaign shows a reference value on inferring the geographical origins of old materials.
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With the development of molecular biology and genomics,metagenomics is playing a more important role in forensic science and forensic identification.In recent years,as a branch discipline studying the composition profile and diversity of microbe flora as well as studying the interaction within microbe and with environment,the application of metagenomics has gradually risen and brought new opportunities for forensic identification-related area.In this review,strategy of metagenomics and its application in forensic identification including individual identification,origin determination of biological stain in crime scene and drug abuse detection are summarized.This article aims to elucidate the role and application value of metagenomics in forensic science.
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Background: Individual identification is a subtle concept and often one of the important priorities in mass disasters, road accidents, air crashes, fires, and even in the investigation of criminal cases. To assess the individual differences in radiographic patterns of frontal sinus and to propose it as a tool for personal identification. Methods: Sample consisted of fifty healthy individuals aged 20-40 years with no history of orthodontic treatment, ortho-gnathic surgery, trauma, endocrine disturbances, nutritional disorders or hereditary facial asymmetry. Water’s radiographs were made according to Caldwell technique. Markings of frontal sinus were based on Riberro Fde’s measurement criteria. The data were analysed for comparison of the means of the dimensions measured for the two genders. Results: The results of the study concluded that frontal sinus is bigger and wider in males as compared to females. Facial symmetry was noted in 31 individuals while asymmetry in 15 individuals. Bilateral aplasia was seen in one case and unilateral aplasia was seen in 6%.cases. Conclusion: The frontal presents with unique variations in each individual and thus can serve as identification tool in forensic sciences.
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Introduction: Cheiloscopy is derived from Greek word “Cheiloswhich” meaning lips.It is the study of characteristic pattern of elevations and depressions on labial mucosa. It is unique for every individual like fingerprints and hence can be used to determine the sex and for personal identity. Aim: This study is undertaken to evaluate the uniqueness of lip prints for sexual and personal identification of an individual. Materials and Methods: lipsticks, brush, cellophane tape, bond paper and magnifying lens. 50 male and 50 female students were selected from Yenepoya University. Lipstick was applied on their lips evenly and the prints were taken on folded bond paper. The cellophane tape was stuck on the paper to preserve it as permanent records. The prints were analysed using magnifying lens and Tsuchihashi’s classification of lip prints was used for to determine the most common pattern of lip prints found in males and females and to study any similarity of lip prints between two individuals. Observations and Results: Our study showed in males the predominant pattern was of type III pattern (40%), followed by type IV (22%), type I (18%), type I’ (12%) type II (6%) and type V(4%) respectively. This hierarchy is different for females, where type I was more predominant(54%),next was type I’ (28%), type III (10%), type IV (4%), type II (1%)and type V(2%) .Hence these results confirm the uniqueness of lip prints for every individual and show its variation according to gender. Conclusion: The data obtained from the above study shows promising results and indicates the uniqueness of lip prints like fingerprints for every individual. They hold a possible potential to determine the sex of an individual and hence can be used as records for personal identification.
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Background: Anthropometry, the science of measurement of living subjects has been shown to be useful in reconstructive surgery and in orthodontics, where the soft tissue morphology of the face can be studied more reliably as compared to radiographs. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to create base data of the vertical measurements of the lower lips and proportion of lower lip parameters. Material and methods: The study comprises of lower lip proportion of 600 North Indian adults (300 males and 300 females). Prior informed written consent for this study was obtained from the subjects. The exclusion and inclusion criteria for the subjects were predefined. The measurements were statistically analyzed by using ‘t test’ by SPSS version 15. Results: The lower lip parameters showed sex dimorphism. The height of cutaneous lower lip, height of vermilion lower lip and total lower lip height was significantly (p<0.001) more in males. Two Lip indices was calculated. The lip index 2 was significantly more in males. Conclusion: In case of lower lip, less than half of total lower lip height was occupied by cutaneous portion of lower lip and rest was covered by vermilion portion of lower lip. This study highlights the applied significance of observations of present study to forensic namely personal identification, racial and sex dimorphic criteria of identification.
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Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTVs) are a common congenital anomaly of the spine. In the present case, we observed LSTVs in the excessive (sixth lumbar) vertebra. In forensic practice, this anomaly may be useful for personal identification of skeletal remains.
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Forensic dentistry is finding increased application in identifying deceased individuals. Incorporating patient identification system in dentures is one of the measures taken in this regard. There are several denture identification measures, each having their own merits and demerits. This article describes a new denture identification system using Quick Response Code incorporated in dentures. This identification system can be very cost-effective, store lot of patient-related information and be easily accessible to the dentist...
A identificação de indivíduos falecidos é uma demanda crescente em Odontologia. A incorporação de sistemas de identificação na prótese total de pacientes é um procedimento de possível. Existem vários sistemas de identificação em próteses totais, cada um com seus próprios méritos e deméritos. Este artigo descreve um novo sistema de identificação de dentadura utilizando o código QR incorporado em próteses totais. Este sistema de identificação é de baixo custo, armazena grande quantidade de informações relacionadas ao paciente e é de fácil acesso ao dentista...
Subject(s)
Humans , Denture, Complete , Dental Informatics/methods , Forensic Dentistry/methods , Electronic Data Processing/methods , Reproducibility of Results , Technology, Dental/methodsABSTRACT
In general, personal identification is an important part of forensic practice. Evidence of prior surgery in a skeletonized remains is a useful findings for personal identification. Here we describe two cases where bone scarring shows evidence of prior surgery, and how these findings become useful information for identification of the victims.
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Personal identification is an integral part of the investigation in cases of mass disasters where disintegrated and amputated body organs are found very frequently. Plastic and latent fingerprints and palm prints are also available very commonly at most of the scene of crime. Estimating stature from various parameters based on the above mentioned evidences becomes one of the most important and essential exercise for personal identification .In present paper, study on stature estimation from hand and phalanges length has been reported. Stature and phalanges length of all the fingers of both the hands of 60 individuals have been measured. The inked palm prints were also obtained and the same measurements were recorded from it also. The regression equations have been drawn from the data collected. It has been observed that stature can be estimated from the phalangeal lengths.
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The frontal sinus has been used for personal identification since the early part of the 20th century as a result of its tremendous interindividual variation. The frontal sinus is present in approximately 90% of adults. However, some populations have a higher proportion of people without a frontal sinus. This study investigated the frequency of the absence of frontal sinuses in Turkish individuals. The present study was performed retrospectively on the CT scans of the paranasal sinuses in the axial and coronal planes from a series of 1200 cases. A bilateral absence and a unilateral absence of sinuses were found in 3.8% and 4.8% of cases, respectively. The clinical significance of the frontal sinuses and their absence are also discussed.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Forensic Medicine , Frontal Sinus/abnormalities , Retrospective Studies , Sex Factors , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the polymorphism and forensic applicability of Y - DNA STR locus DYS391. Method 111 unrelated male samples from Guangzhou Han population were investigated.DYS391 primer was labeled with FAM. PCR products were detected using denatured PAGE with GenScan Software on the ABI Prism 377 DNA sequencer.Results Frequency data of 3 different DYS391 alleles were obtained. Conclusion The results demonstrated that the DYS391 locus is of high human specificity. No mutation was found.
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The gray vibrissae of Korean males(n =189) between 15 and 75 years old and females(n =111) between-15 and 74 years old who visited the department of otorhinolaryngology, Konkuk university Chungju hospital during 1996 to 1998, were counted for the purpose of estimating approximate age range in individuals of unknown age . The lowest age appearing gray hairs in both sexes was 15-year-old. The Pearson's correlation coefficient in both sexes was 0.490 (p<0.01). The age appearing gray vibrissae in females was slightly earlier than that of males, however, the differences between right and left sides of nasal cavity were insignificant. This method of counting gray vibrissae would be useful to estimate age range in personal identification together with other methods available until now.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Hair , Nasal Cavity , Otolaryngology , VibrissaeABSTRACT
Objective To establish a database for models of teeth, which could provide a new technology for personal identification based upon teeth and bite mark for forensic medical practice. Method The (X, Y) digital coordinates were established based up on materials concerning shape and arrangement of the teeth by analyzing samples of 400 models of teeth. The position of every tooth's key point corresponding to the origin was obtained, thus, the characters of tooth and dental arch could be calculated rapidly according to Borland C ++ 5.0 computer language under DOS system. Results The models of teeth could be identified automatically. Among the correlative precision indexes, the length was 1.3mm, the angle was 3?. It seems reasonable to select 12-14 teeth points for studying, which needed about 5-7 complete tooth marks. Conclusion This method is one of the bases in studying personal identification relating to tooth and bite mark.
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Objective To study the genetic polymorphisms of DYF155S1 locus in 107 unrelated individuals both in the Han population, China and the Japanese population. Methods MVR-PCR, automated fluorescence detection and DNA sequence analysis were carried out for studying. Results Five types of repeat unit and one type newly named type 6 which was resulted from the T22A substitution on Type 1 were detected. Type 6 is monopolized by Japanese and may be regarded as a racial characteristic genetic marker. The common arrangement of the repeat units was 3134 which were detected at 73.44 % and 67.44 % in the Han and Japanese populations respectively. The abundance of arrangement of 3134 is the character of yellow race. Next to the arrangement of 3134 was the arrangement of 134 which was detected at 17.19% in the Han population while the arrangement of 6134 was detected at 16.28% in the Japanese population. The average number of type 4 unit at the 3'terminal was 8.8 in the Japanese population much lower than 12.5 in the Han population. Conclusion This study implies that DYF155S1 locus is an important geneticmarker with good genetic polymorphisms. The population difference between the Han and the Janpanes is significant.