Agrobiological evaluations of newly introduced grapes varieties under climatic conditions of the south of Kazakhstan / Avaliações agrobiológicas de variedades de uvas recém-introduzidas sob as condições climáticas do sul do Cazaquistão

Variety assortment enhancement is a normal task that involves enhancing the assortment's quality and upgrading varieties. The findings of a research of imported grape varieties in the southeast of Kazakhstan, namely in the Almaty region's bottom-mountain zone, are presented in this article. The onset and conclusion of the main phenological phases of a grape plant throughout the vegetative period were directly influenced by the climatic and meteorological conditions of this district. In comparison to the recognized variety Almaty early-maturing, it has been proven that types Priusadebny, Iyulsky, and Kuibyshevsk early-maturing have a high degree of eyes wintering buds and may provide a high-quality crop in this location.

O aprimoramento da variedade é uma tarefa normal que envolve o aprimoramento da qualidade da variedade e o aprimoramento das variedades. As descobertas de uma pesquisa de variedades de uvas importadas no sudeste do Cazaquistão, ou seja, na zona de base da montanha da região de Almaty, são apresentadas neste artigo. O início e a conclusão das principais fases fenológicas de uma videira ao longo do período vegetativo foram diretamente influenciados pelas condições climáticas e meteorológicas deste distrito. Em comparação com a variedade reconhecida Almaty de maturação precoce, foi comprovado que os tipos Priusadebny, Iyulsky e Kuibyshevsk de maturação precoce têm um alto grau de gomos de inverno de olhos e podem fornecer uma safra de alta qualidade neste local.

Agrobiological evaluations of newly introduced grapes varieties under climatic conditions of the south of Kazakhstan

Abstract Variety assortment enhancement is a normal task that involves enhancing the assortment's quality and upgrading varieties. The findings of a research of imported grape varieties in the southeast of Kazakhstan, namely in the Almaty region's bottom-mountain zone, are presented in this article. The onset and conclusion of the main phenological phases of a grape plant throughout the vegetative period were directly influenced by the climatic and meteorological conditions of this district. In comparison to the recognized variety Almaty early-maturing, it has been proven that types Priusadebny, Iyulsky, and Kuibyshevsk early-maturing have a high degree of eyes wintering buds and may provide a high-quality crop in this location.

Resumo O aprimoramento da variedade é uma tarefa normal que envolve o aprimoramento da qualidade da variedade e o aprimoramento das variedades. As descobertas de uma pesquisa de variedades de uvas importadas no sudeste do Cazaquistão, ou seja, na zona de base da montanha da região de Almaty, são apresentadas neste artigo. O início e a conclusão das principais fases fenológicas de uma videira ao longo do período vegetativo foram diretamente influenciados pelas condições climáticas e meteorológicas deste distrito. Em comparação com a variedade reconhecida Almaty de maturação precoce, foi comprovado que os tipos Priusadebny, Iyulsky e Kuibyshevsk de maturação precoce têm um alto grau de gomos de inverno de olhos e podem fornecer uma safra de alta qualidade neste local.

Germinación, crecimiento vegetativo y morfología floral de Dasylirion cedrosanum del matorral rosetófilo de Coahuila / Germination, vegetative growth and floral morphology of Dasylirion cedrosanum from the rosetophyllous scrub of Coahuila

RESUMEN El sotol (Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel.), especie endémica del noreste de México, presenta interés económico y social por su aprovechamiento comercial. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue caracterizar la germinación, crecimiento vegetativo y morfología floral de D. cedrosanum del matorral rosetófilo de Coahuila. Se sometieron 3 lotes de 100 semillas a un proceso de imbibición y se registró el porcentaje de germinación. La caracterización de la germinación se realizó a las plántulas cultivadas en laboratorio, mientras que la morfología vegetativa se determinó en plantas adultas tomadas de un jardín botánico, con fecha de siembra conocida y a las cuales no se les dio un manejo de cultivo. La descripción de la morfología floral se realizó en plantas silvestres del cañón de San Lorenzo, Saltillo, Coahuila, México. La primera fase de la imbibición duró 48 h e incrementó 52 % el peso; la segunda o de latencia duró 48 h alcanzando un 55 %; y la tercera concluyó a las 120 h con un incremento total del 60 % de peso. Las semillas emitieron el hipocótilo a partir del quinto día. En el décimo día se obtuvo 98 % de germinación. Entre las características morfológicas distintivas de la especie, las inflorescencias, conocidas como "escapos florales", registraron una altura promedio de 3.39 m. Las flores fueron actinomorfas y unisexuales. La flor estaminada presentó perianto sin diferenciación de tépalos y sépalos. Las flores pistiladas mostraron pedicelos y receptáculo corto. El polen fue elíptico, de abertura monosulcada, con dimensión de 15 μm x 30 μm. Los frutos fueron secos e indehiscentes, conocidos como samara. Las semillas fueron turbinadas de contorno trigonal. El análisis de las características de germinación y morfología vegetativa y floral del sotol permitieron comprender las adaptaciones que esta planta ha desarrollado para crecer en los ambientes semiáridos del país.

ABSTRACT Sotol (Dasylirion cedrosanum Trel.), endemic species of northeastern Mexico, has attracted economic and social interest due to its commercial potencial. The objective of this work was to characterize the germination, vegetative growth and floral morphology of D. cedrosanum from the rosetophyllous scrub of Coahuila. Three batches of 100 seeds were submitted to an imbibition process and the germination percentage was recorded. The characterization of the germination was carried out on the seedlings grown in the laboratory, while the vegetative morphology was determined in adult plants taken from a botanical garden, with a known planting date and which were not given a crop management. The description of the floral morphology was carried out on wild plants from the San Lorenzo canyon, near the municipality of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico. The imbibition showed the first phase of absorption within 48 h, with an increase of 52 % in weight. The third phase began at 96 h with an increase of 55 % in weight. The seeds emitted the hypocotyl from the fifth day. On the tenth day 98 % germination was obtained. Among the distinctive morphological characteristics of the species, the inflorescences, known as "floral scapes", recorded an average height of 3.39 m. The flowers were actinomorphic and unisexual. The staminate flower presented perianth without differentiation of tepals and sepals, while the pistillate flowers showed pedicels and a short receptacle. The pollen was elliptical, with a monosulcate opening, with a dimension of 15 μm x 30 μm. The fruits were dry and indehiscent, known as samara. The seeds were turbinated with a trigonal contour. The germination and characteristics of the sotol corresponded to adaptations that allow it to grow in the semi-arid environment of this region of the country.

Mecánica Tusígena / Cough Mechanics

El control neurológico de la tos o la neurofisiología de la tos, implica una serie de eventos complejos en el sistema nervioso que coordinan y desencadenan este reflejo protector pulmonar. Esta intrincada red de señales nerviosas y coordinación muscular se origina en los receptores de la tos, pasa por el centro de la tos en el bulbo raquídeo y finalmente activa los músculos necesarios para la adecuada eliminación del agente irritante. Este mecanismo involucra, la detección del estímulo por receptores especializados, transducción de señales que viajan a lo largo de fibras nerviosas aferentes hacia el sistema nervioso central, centro integrador a nivel del bulbo raquídeo, en el centro de la tos es donde se procesa las señales de los receptores y se coordina la respuesta. La integración de las señales y la respuesta radica en este centro de la tos y en la corteza cerebral quien regula y modula la tos. El control neuronal cortical de la tos implica la participación consciente y voluntaria de la corteza cerebral en la percepción, regulación y adaptación de la tos. La coordinación muscular requiere que la señal viaje por vías nerviosas eferentes motoras hacia los músculos involucrados, la contracción muscular se integra en una secuencia específica que desencadena las fases de la tos, inspiración máxima, compresión y expulsiva.

The neurological control of cough, or the neurophysiology of cough, involves a series of complex events in the nervous system that coordinate and trigger this lung protective reflex. This intricate network of nerve signals and muscle coordination originates from the cough receptors, passes through the cough center in the medulla oblongata, and finally activates the muscles necessary for proper elimination of the irritant. This mechanism involves the detection of the stimulus by specialized receptors, transduction of signals that travel along afferent nerve fibers towards the central nervous system, integrating center at the level of the medulla oblongata, in the cough center is where the signals are processed. receptors and the response is coordinated. The integration of signals and response resides in this cough center and in the cerebral cortex, which regulates and modulates coughing. Cortical neural control of cough involves the conscious and voluntary participation of the cerebral cortex in the perception, regulation, and adaptation of cough. Muscle coordination requires that the signal travel through efferent motor nerve pathways to the muscles involved; muscle contraction is integrated into a specific sequence that triggers the cough, maximum inspiration, compression, and expulsive phases.

Research on classification of Korotkoff sounds phases based on deep learning / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective     To recognize the different phases of Korotkoff sounds through deep learning technology, so as to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in different populations. Methods     A classification model of the Korotkoff sounds phases was designed, which fused attention mechanism (Attention), residual network (ResNet) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). First, a single Korotkoff sound signal was extracted from the whole Korotkoff sounds signals beat by beat, and each Korotkoff sound signal was converted into a Mel spectrogram. Then, the local feature extraction of Mel spectrogram was processed by using the Attention mechanism and ResNet network, and BiLSTM network was used to deal with the temporal relations between features, and full-connection layer network was applied in reducing the dimension of features. Finally, the classification was completed by SoftMax function. The dataset used in this study was collected from 44 volunteers (24 females, 20 males with an average age of 36 years), and the model performance was verified using 10-fold cross-validation. Results     The classification accuracy of the established model for the 5 types of Korotkoff sounds phases was 93.4%, which was higher than that of other models. Conclusion     This study proves that the deep learning method can accurately classify Korotkoff sounds phases, which lays a strong technical foundation for the subsequent design of automatic blood pressure measurement methods based on the classification of the Korotkoff sounds phases.

Promoting fucoxanthin accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum by multiple nitrogen supplementation and blue light enhancement / 生物工程学报

The aim of this study was to promote fucoxanthin accumulation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum by photo-fermentation through optimizing the mode of multiple nitrogen supplementation and blue light enhancement. The results showed that the mixed nitrogen source (tryptone: urea=1:1, N mol/N mol; total nitrogen concentration at 0.02 mol/L) added to the culture system by six times was the best mode in shake flasks. Two-phase culture with light adjustment was then carried out in 5 L photo-fermenter with an enhanced blue light (R: G: B=67.1:16.7:16.3) in the second phase, leading to improved cell density (1.12×108 cells/mL), biomass productivity (330 mg/(d·L)), fucoxanthin content (19.62 mg/g), titer (69.71 mg/L) and productivity (6.97 mg/(d·L)). Compared with one-phase culture under red/blue (R: G: B=70.9:18.3:10.9) light and six-times nitrogen supplementation, the fucoxanthin content was significantly increased by 7.68% (P < 0.05) but the productivity did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Compared with one-phase culture under red/blue (R: G: B=70.9:18.3:10.9) light and one-time nitrogen supplementation, the content and productivity of fucoxanthin were significantly increased by 45.98% and 48.30% (P < 0.05), respectively. This study developed a two-phase culture mode with multiple nitrogen supplementation and blue light enhancement, which effectively promoted the accumulation of fucoxanthin and improved the efficiency of nitrogen source utilization, thus providing a new approach for fucoxanthin accumulation in P. tricornutum by photo-fermentation.

Analysis of Polarizing Microscopic Characteristics and X-ray Diffraction Fingerprint of Mineral Medicine Maifanitum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the polarized light microscopic characteristics， the composition of physical phases and their relative contents of Maifanitum from different origins， and to establish the Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum powder crystals by X-ray diffraction（XRD）. MethodA total of 26 batches of Maifanitum samples were selected， and the microscopic characteristics of the sample powders and grinding flakes were observed by polarized light microscopy under single polarized light and orthogonal polarized light， and the main phase compositions and their relative contents were analyzed by powder crystal XRD technique， and the XRD Fourier characteristic fingerprint of Maifanitum was established. The incident light source of XRD was Cu target Kβ radiation， the light tube voltage and light tube current were 40 kV and 40 mA， respectively， the divergence slit was 1°， the scattering slit was 1°， the receiving slit was 0.2 mm， the scanning speed was 5°·min-1 with continuous scanning and scanning range of 5-90°（2θ）， and the step length was 0.02°. ResultThe polarized light micrographs of powders and grinding flakes of Maifanitum were obtained， and the main phases were plagioclase， potassium feldspar and quartz， and a few samples also contained illite， pyrite， iron dolomite， calcite， iron amphibole and chlorite， etc. The relative total content of feldspar phases was 61.9%-82.4%， and the relative content of quartz was 12.6%-33.6%. The XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis method of Maifanitum with 13 common peaks as the characteristic fingerprint information was established， and the similarity calculated by the mean correlation coefficient method was 0.920 9-0.997 7， the similarity calculated by the mean angle cosine method was 0.940 5-0.998 4， the similarity calculated by the median correlation coefficient method was 0.921 1-0.997 5， and the similarity calculated by the median angle cosine method was 0.947 5-0.998 2. ConclusionThe polarized light microscopic identification characteristics of Maifanitum are mainly plagioclase， quartz and potassium feldspar， and the technique of powder crystal XRD Fourier fingerprint analysis can be used for the identification of Maifanitum.

Solid-state properties of pink clay from Jequitinhonha Valley in Brazil for pre-formulation study

Abstract Clay minerals are still widely used in pharmaceutical products for human health and cosmetic purposes. Pre-formulation studies were conducted to identify solid-state properties of pink clay, a sample from Diamantina, Brazil. Among the solid properties to be analyzed, we have selected type identification, iron phases, crystallinity, powder flow characteristics, thermal behavior, and non-isothermal phase transition kinetics. The pink clay is composed of (1:1) clay type and kaolinite as the main component. The Mössbauer spectrum of pink clay shows Fe3+(α-Fe2O3) Clay minerals are still widely used in pharmaceutical products for human health and cosmetic purposes. Pre-formulation studies were conducted to identify solid-state properties of pink clay, a sample from Diamantina, Brazil. Among the solid properties to be analyzed, we have selected type identification, iron phases, crystallinity, powder flow characteristics, thermal behavior, and non-isothermal phase transition kinetics. The pink clay is composed of (1:1) clay type and kaolinite as the main component. The Mössbauer spectrum of pink clay shows Fe3+(α-Fe2O3) hematite, Fe2+, and Fe3+ with large Δ/2ξq of about 2.80 and 2.69 mm.s-1 respectively, related to iron silicates, most likely pyroxene, and a superparamagnetic Fe3+. Pink clay exhibits poor flow properties. The thermal behavior indicates a phase-transition between 400 - 600 ºC associated with the dehydroxylation of the pink clay system requiring ~300 kJ mol-1, being constant until the process reaches a conversion of ~50% when the energy is enhanced to ~530 kJ mol-1, concluding the whole dehydroxylation process (α=80%). Solid-state properties and characteristics found for the pink clay must be considered for the proper design of formulations. This type of clay shows unique pharmaceutical properties that can be favorably exploited by the cosmetic industry

Probe the syndrome differentiation system of six meridians of circular motion / 国际中医中药杂志

The internal organs and meridians were associated with Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, and time and space, based on the holistic view of heaven, earth and human, according to Huangdi Neijing. The syndrome differentiation system of six meridians and Zang Fu meridians were established by Shanghan Zabing Lun, on the basis of the three Yin, three Yang, six meridians, and five Zang system in Huangdi Neijing. We put forward the concept of the six meridians syndrome differentiation system of circular motion, considering that the six meridians syndrome differentiation system actually implies the theory of circular motion. The syndrome differentiation system was constructed with the circular model of one qi circulating around the road, rising left and falling right, corresponding up and down, and maintaining conservation in the middle as the core, integrating Yin and Yang, five elements, six qi, Zang Fu and meridians, qi, blood and body fluid, and the integration of heaven, earth and human, focusing on "disease location and disease nature", taking classical prescriptions as the main treatments, and cooperating with external treatments such as acupuncture and moxibustion. We organically combined the circular motion with the syndrome differentiation of the six meridians, systematically interpreted the physiological bases, pathological changes, progressive patterns, and the treatments, based on syndrome differentiation, by inheriting the classical thinking mode of Hetu, Luoshu,Zhouyi, Huangdi Neijing, ShennongHerbal Classic, and Shanghan Zabing Lun.

Aloe vera and wound healing: a brief review

Abstract Aloe vera possesses a great therapeutic importance in traditional medicine. It has attracted the attention of modern medical fields due to its wide pharmacological applications. The bioactive substances in Aloe vera proved to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties. Taken into our consideration the long history of clinical applications of Aloe vera in traditional medicine, especially for promoting the healing of cutaneous wounds with rare adverse effects, it provides a cheap alternative to many expensive synthetic drugs. Recent techniques in tissue engineering created novel scaffolds based on Aloe gel extracts for wound healing applications. Nonetheless, further guided researche is required to foster the development of Aloe vera based scaffolds for the benefit of worldwide populations. Here, I systemically summarize the main events following wounding and the mechanism of action of Aloe vera in promoting the healing process. I hope to provide a solid piece of information that might be helpful for designing new research studies into this topic.

Two-Step Purification of L-Asparaginase from Acrylaway® L

Abstract L-Asparaginase (L-ASNase) is a biopharmaceutical used for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment, dramatically increasing the patients' chance of cure. However, its production and distribution in developing countries were disrupted because of its low profitability, which caused great concern among patients. This study evaluates the feasibility of combining fractional precipitation and aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) to purify L-ASNase from a low-grade product, commercially known as Acrylaway® L. The ATPS purification results were not particularly expressive compared to the two-step purification process composed of ethanol precipitation and gel filtration, which was able to recover the target molecule with a purification factor over 5 fold. Thus, we studied a purification process capable of manufacturing pharmaceutical grade L-ASNase from a commercially available low-grade raw material; however, improvements regarding its throughput must be achieved, and high purity is the first step to apply it as a new biopharmaceutical product. The proposed process could pose as a short-time solution to mitigate its shortage while a cost-effective production plant is being developed.

Fases típicas del voleibol de playa en el sexo masculino. Valores de referencia en la iniciación / Fases típicas do vôlei de praia masculino. Valores de referência na iniciação / Typical phases of beach volleyball male sex. Reference values at the initiation

RESUMEN Actualmente, es cada vez más importante estudiar la actividad competitiva en los procesos de preparación deportiva. En voleibol de playa, desde las categorías de iniciación, los entrenadores deben centrar la preparación en aspectos de rendimiento propios y determinantes para obtener el máximo resultado competitivo. Para ello, es importante modelar el entrenamiento en un contexto lo más cercano posible a la realidad del juego en cada categoría. Sin embargo, apenas se conocen los valores de referencia de la categoría de iniciación de base en Cuba. Los estudios actuales se dirigen fundamentalmente al más alto nivel de competición. En tal sentido, el conocimiento de los valores de rendimiento relativos a las fases típicas del juego y las situaciones especiales en esta modalidad, resultan vitales para un entrenamiento preciso desde la etapa de iniciación. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el comportamiento de las Fases Típicas del Juego (FTJ) del voleibol de playa, categoría 11-12 años, sexo masculino, en el campeonato provincial de Villa Clara en 2019, como valores de referencia de la etapa de iniciación. Se utilizaron métodos como la observación estructurada, revisión documental, estadístico-matemático y talleres metodológicos como técnicas de investigación. Se determinó la frecuencia de aparición de dichas fases, su incidencia y efectividad en el juego, importantes elementos que constituyen valores referenciales para los entrenadores en su proceso de planificación y modelación del entrenamiento en este nivel de competición.

RESUMO Hoje em dia, é cada vez mais importante estudar a atividade competitiva nos processos de preparação esportiva. No vôlei de praia, a partir das categorias de iniciação, os treinadores devem concentrar a preparação nos aspectos de desempenho que são determinantes para obter o máximo resultado competitivo. Para isso, é importante modelar o treinamento em um contexto o mais próximo possível da realidade do jogo em cada categoria. No entanto, os valores de referência para a categoria de iniciação básica em Cuba são pouco conhecidos. Os estudos atuais são destinados principalmente ao mais alto nível de competição. Neste sentido, o conhecimento dos valores de desempenho relacionados com as fases típicas do jogo e as situações especiais nesta modalidade são vitais para um treinamento preciso desde a fase de iniciação. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi determinar o comportamento das Fases Típicas do Jogo (FTJ) do vôlei de praia, 11-12 anos, categoria masculina, no campeonato provincial de Villa Clara em 2019, como valores de referência da fase de iniciação. Métodos como observação estruturada, revisão documental, oficinas de matemática estatística e metodológica foram utilizados como técnicas de pesquisa. A frequência da ocorrência dessas fases, sua incidência e eficácia no jogo foram determinadas, elementos importantes que constituem valores de referência para os treinadores em seu processo de planejamento e modelagem de treinamentos neste nível de competição.

ABSTRACT Currently, the study of competitive activity is becoming increasingly important in the sport preparation process. Since the initiation categories in the beach volleyball, coaches should focus their preparation on the performance of own and decisive aspects to obtain the maximum competitive result. For this, it is important to model the training in a context as close as possible to the reality of the game in each category. However, hardly they known the reference values of the initiation category in Cuba. Studies primarily aimed at the highest level of competition. In this sense, the knowledge of the performance values related to the typical phases of the game and the special situations in this modality are vital for a precise training since the initiation phase. This research aimed to determine the behavior of the Game Typical Phases (FTJ in Spanish) in the beach volleyball, category 11-12 years old, male sex in the Provincial championship of Villa Clara in 2019, as reference values in the initiation stage. There were used methods such as structured observation, documentary review, the statistical - mathematical, and methodological workshops as research technique. It was determined the frequency of appearance of these phases, their incidence and effectiveness in the game, important elements that constitute referential values for the coaches in their planning and modeling process of the training of the players at this competition level.

Recent advances in drug delivery applications of cubosomes, hexosomes, and solid lipid nanoparticles

The use of lipid nanocarriers for drug delivery applications is an active research area, and a great interest has particularly been shown in the past two decades. Among different lipid nanocarriers,

Reproduction and fecundity of invader of internal insemination Trachelyopterus galeatus in a Neotropical floodplain

After the formation of Itaipu Reservoir, the invader Trachelyopterus galeatus colonized the upper Paraná River. Light microscopy was used to describe gametogenesis and the reproductive phases of females and males. The following data were verified: diameter of the oocytes, spawning type, batch fecundity by ovary weight, standard length, and total weight of the fish, along with the regions where this species reproduced in the upper Paraná River floodplain. A total of 470 specimens were collected quarterly in 2016, 2018 and 2019, and bimonthly in 2017. The gonads were fixed in a Karnovsky solution, dehydrated, infiltrated, and embedded in historesin. The histological slides were stained using PAS + iron hematoxylin + metanil yellow, analyzed and photographed under an image-capturing microscope. As regards diameter of the oocytes and fecundity estimates, ovaries whose oocytes were measured under a stereomicroscope were sampled. In the oogenesis, undifferentiated and differentiated oogonia, early primary growth oocytes, secondary growth oocytes, full-grown oocytes and maturing oocytes were recorded. In the spermatogenesis, primary and secondary spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa were recorded. The reproductive phases found for females and males were: immature, early development, late development, spawning/sperm-releasing capable, regression, and regeneration. Trachelyopterus galeatus prefers to occupy and reproduce in the Ventura, Patos, Guaraná, Fechada, Garças, and Pau Véio lagoons. The diameter of the oocytes varied from 0.4 to 2.9 mm. Females spawn, on average, 113 oocytes per batch. Batch fecundity variation shows that the larger the ovary, standard length, and total weight, the larger the number of oocytes to be spawned. This invader possesses reproductive success in the upper Paraná River floodplain, especially in lagoons.

Os aspectos psicológicos da criança e do adolescente na adoção tardia / Psychological features of late-adopted children and adolescents / Los aspectos psicológicos del niño y del adolescente en la adopción tardía

Em razão do número significativo de crianças maiores e adolescentes disponíveis para o processo de adoção no Cadastro Nacional de Adoção, e de a idade representar um fator de restrição e obstáculo para os pretendentes à adoção, torna-se necessário desmistificar as crenças enraizadas sobre adoção tardia. Pensando nessas questões, o presente estudo objetiva compreender os aspectos psicológicos e comportamentais das crianças e dos pais por adoção, comumente presentes no período de adaptação e convivência pós-adotiva, e analisar as atitudes dos pais diante dos obstáculos, observando a eficácia da preparação necessária aos pretendentes à adoção. Para tanto, a metodologia adotada consistiu inicialmente em embasar teoricamente a adoção tardia e suas fases de adaptação, com fundamentação psicanalítica, para a compreensão abrangente do assunto, e em uma pesquisa de campo com dois casais, pais por adoção que se encontravam no período de convivência de seis meses a um ano, para coletar dados relevantes e os correlacionar com a teoria. Por meio dos resultados obtidos, foram apontados os estágios de convivência e os aspectos psicológicos envolvidos nesse processo, bem como a importância de os pretendentes à adoção se instrumentalizarem com informações e se prepararem para a filiação afetiva. Assim, mesmo com todas as dificuldades que possam surgir no processo de adaptação na adoção tardia, em virtude de fatores como idade, preconceitos, mitos e histórico prévio de vida da criança, conclui-se que o afeto e a adoção recíproca prevalecem a qualquer desafio e que, se a experiência da adoção tardia for bem orientada, pode apresentar excelentes resultados.(AU)

Before the significant number of older children and adolescents available for adoption in the National Adoption Register, and considering age as both a restriction factor and an obstacle, rooted beliefs concerning late adoption must be demystified. In this scenario, this study aimed to understand the psychological and behavioral features of children and their adopting parents during the adjustment period soon after adoption, besides analyzing parents' attitudes toward obstacles in light of the necessary preparation on the part of couples intending to adopt. Based on psychoanalytical principles, this study first sets the theoretical foundations of late adoption and its adjustment phases to reach a comprehensive understanding of the issue. To collect data and relate them to the underlying theory, a field research was conducted with two adopting couples in the adjustment period, which ranges from six months to a year. The results indicate the adjustment phases and psychological features underlying this process, besides stressing the importance of parents who intend to adopt for searching for information on the issue and preparing themselves for an affective adoption. Despite the difficulties in late-adoption adaptation - due to age, prejudices, myths, and the previous lives of children, - affection and mutual adoption can overcome any challenges that may arise. Moreover, if the late adoption process is adequately guided, it may present excellent results.(AU)

Debido al número significativo de niños mayores y adolescentes disponibles para el proceso de adopción en el Catastro Nacional de Adopción, y siendo la edad un factor de restricción y obstáculo para los adoptantes, es necesario desmitificar las creencias en relación a la adopción tardía. En este sentido, el presente trabajo tiene por objeto comprender los aspectos psicológicos y comportamentales de los niños y de los padres por adopción, comúnmente presentes en el período de adaptación y convivencia postadoptiva, así como analizar las actitudes de los padres ante a los obstáculos, observando la eficacia de la preparación necesaria para los aspirantes a adopción. Para ello, la metodología adoptada consistió inicialmente en basar teóricamente la adopción tardía y sus fases de adaptación, con fundamentación psicoanalítica, para una comprensión más amplia del asunto, y una investigación de campo con dos parejas, que son padres por adopción entre seis meses a un año, para recoger datos relevantes y correlacionarlos con la teoría. Los resultados apuntan las etapas de convivencia y los aspectos psicológicos que involucran este proceso, así como la importancia de los aspirantes a adopción para conseguir informaciones y prepararse para la filiación afectiva. Incluso con todas las dificultades que puedan surgir en el proceso de adaptación en la adopción tardía, en virtud de la edad, de los prejuicios, mitos y por el histórico previo de vida que el niño carga, se concluye que el afecto y la adopción recíproca prevalecen ante cualquier desafío y que si bien orientada la experiencia de la adopción tardía se puede presentar excelentes resultados.(AU)

Demands for psychosocial support from communities vulnerable to natural disasters / Demandas de atención psicosocial de comunidades vulnerables a desastres de origen natural / Demandas de atenção psicossocial de comunidades vulneráveis a desastres de origem natural

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the demands for the psychosocial care of vulnerable communities in the Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina Methods: Qualitative research, multiple case study, through narrative interviews with health professionals in three municipalities, from January to May 2018. The analysis of the narratives followed a formal analysis of the text, structural description of the content, analytical abstraction, analysis of knowledge, and contrastive comparison. Results: The described categories were: Meanings of the demands for support before the flood; Meanings of the demands during the occurrence of the disaster; Meanings of demands after the flood: psychosocial care; Meanings of the demands for monitoring the territory after the disaster. Conclusion: The identification of demands for mental health care after the disaster occurs through the search for health services, specific symptoms, and consequences of adapting to the recovery phase, such as migratory processes and temporary housing. The research contributes to the culture of care with a multiprofessional perspective in health care for the population affected by disasters.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las demandas de atención psicosocial de las comunidades vulnerables en el Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, estudio de casos múltiples, por medio de entrevistas narrativas con profesionales de la salud en tres municipios, de enero a mayo de 2018. El análisis de las narrativas ha seguido análisis formal del texto, descripción estructural del contenido, abstracción analítica, análisis del conocimiento y comparación contractiva. Resultados: Han sido descritas como categorías: Significados de las demandas de atención pre-inundación; Significados de las demandas durante el evento del desastre; Significados de las demandas pos inundación: atención psicosocial; Significados de las demandas de vigilancia del territorio después el desastre. Conclusión: Demandas para el cuidado a la salud mental pos desastres son identificadas por la búsqueda a los servicios, en los síntomas específicos y en las consecuencias de adaptación a la fase de recuperación, como procesos migratorios y moradas provisorias. La investigación contribuye para la cultura del cuidado con perspectiva multiprofesional en la atención a la salud de la población atingida en desastres.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as demandas de atenção psicossocial das comunidades vulneráveis no Vale do Itajaí, Santa Catarina Métodos: Pesquisa qualitativa, estudo de casos múltiplos, por meio de entrevistas narrativas com profissionais da saúde em três municípios, de janeiro a maio de 2018. A análise das narrativas seguiu análise formal do texto, descrição estrutural do conteúdo, abstração analítica, análise do conhecimento e comparação contrativa. Resultados: Foram descritas como categorias: Significados das demandas de atenção pré-inundação; Significados das demandas durante o evento do desastre; Significados das demandas pós-inundação: atenção psicossocial; Significados das demandas de vigilância do território após o desastre. Conclusão: Demandas para o cuidado à saúde mental pós-desastres são identificadas pela busca aos serviços, nos sintomas específicos e nas consequências de adaptação à fase de recuperação, como processos migratórios e moradias provisórias. A pesquisa contribui para a cultura do cuidado com perspectiva multiprofissional na atenção à saúde da população atingida em desastres.

Development direction of molecular breeding of medicinal plants / 中国中药杂志

To breed new varieties of medicinal plants with high resistance is the premise to ensure the production of high-quality medicinal materials. Molecular breeding using modern molecular biology and genetic technology can save time and effort and realize rapid and accurate breeding. Here we are trying to summarize the difference of breeding characteristics between medicinal plants and crops such as genetic background and breeding purpose. The strategy of molecular breeding of medicinal plants was summarized, and the four-phases breeding based on high-throughput sequencing and target gene mining was emphasized. We put forward the current molecular breeding of medicinal plants in the condition of four phases breeding is the optimal technological way of breeding, and gene editing breeding is the direction of medicinal plants breeding.

Diferencias biomecánicas del remate de voleibol en jugadoras prejuveniles y juveniles / Biomechanical differences in volleyball spike by female junior and youth players

Introducción: La técnica del remate es un fundamento técnico-táctico ofensivo primordial en el voleibol, ayudando al equipo a conseguir puntos, y por ende imprescindible para la victoria. Potenciar el hábito motriz implica optimizar la preparación deportiva en todos los niveles. Objetivo: Analizar biomecánicamente las fases del remate de voleibol y variables mecánicas relacionadas en jugadores prejuveniles y juveniles de la Concentración Deportiva de Pichincha. Métodos: Bajo un muestreo intencional no probabilístico, se estudió a 19 voleibolistas del sexo femenino (11 prejuveniles y 8 juveniles) probando biomecánicamente 5 fases del movimiento técnico del remate. Se ensayó el Tiempo Total del Remate, el Tiempo de la Preparación hasta el Golpe y el Ángulo del Cuerpo en Relación al Centro de Gravedad. Resultados: En las 5 fases de la técnica del remate solo existió una diferencia significativa entre los grupos independientes estudiados (Fase 4: p= 0,001) perteneciente al ángulo del codo en la fase de golpeo al balón (menor rango promedio el grupo juvenil: 5,38), el resto no indicó diferencias significativas, aunque los rangos promedios fueron menores en el grupo prejuvenil en la fase 1, 2, 3, y mayores en el mismo grupo para el caso de la 5ta fase (ángulo de la columna: 11,91). Por otra parte, solo se evidenció diferencias significativas en TTR (p= 0,033), y no significativas en el Tiempo de la Preparación hasta el Golpe (TPG: p= 0,717) y el ángulo del cuerpo en relación al centro de gravedad (ACCG: p= 0,717). Conclusiones: Los ángulos de la columna no influyen significativamente en la técnica del remate; no obstante, en los ángulos del codo se observó influencia para una mejor flexión de codo y colocación de la mano, pudiendo generar un mayor impacto al balón y por ende mayores dificultades a la defensa oponente(AU)

Introduction: Spike technique is a fundamental technical-tactical offensive movement in volleyball. It helps the team score points and is therefore essential to win. Strengthening motor skills implies optimizing sport preparation on all levels. Objective: Biomechanically analyze volleyball spike phases and mechanical variables as performed by junior and youth players from Pichincha sports complex. Methods: Nineteen female volleyball players (11 junior and 8 youth) were selected by intentional non-probabilistic sampling to conduct a biomechanical study of the five phases of the technical movement of spike, alongside Total Spike Time (TST), Preparation Time Before the Blow (PTBB), and Body Angle in Relation to the Center of Mass (BARCM). Results: Only one significant difference was found in the five phases of the spike technique in the two independent groups studied (Phase 4: p= 0.001), which had to do with the elbow angle in the ball hitting phase (a smaller average range in the youth group: 5.38). No other significant differences were found, though average ranges were smaller in the junior group in phases 1, 2, 3, and greater in the fifth phase (spine angle: 11.91). Additionally, significant differences were only found in TST (p= 0.033), and non-significant differences in the Preparation Time Before the Blow (PTBB: p= 0.717) and the Body Angle in Relation to the Center of Mass (BARCM: p= 0.717). Conclusions: Spine angles do not exert a significant influence on spike technique. However, elbow angles played a role in better elbow flexion and hand positioning, potentially generating a stronger impact on the ball and therefore greater difficulties for the opponent's defense(AU)

Avaliação da influência do ciclo lunar e da sazonalidade na prematuridade e na rotura prematura de membranas / Evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle and seasonality on the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor

O ciclo lunar sempre foi alvo de crenças populares, principalmente relacionado a ocorrência de maior número de nascimentos durante a fase de lua cheia. Influências externas como baixa pressão atmosférica estão ligadas à rotura de membrana corioamniótica e parece existir um mecanismo biológico para o desencadeamento do trabalho de parto prematuro. Este estudo tem como objetivo estudar a influência do ciclo lunar e da sazonalidade na ocorrência de rotura prematura de membranas e de trabalho de parto prematuro. Realizado um estudo transversal envolvendo dados do livro de partos de uma maternidade localizada no sul do Brasil por um período de 4 anos, totalizando 13.291 nascimentos. Utilizados dois sites, um para estimativa do ciclo lunar à época do nascimento e outro para determinar o dia da semana. Um banco de dados foi criado e exportado para o SPSS18.0 onde foi analisado. Utilizada a análise de Poisson. As variáveis que apresentaram p < 0,25 foram incluídas em uma análise multivariada para observar a independência das associações. A significância estatística estabelecida foi p < 0,05. Houveram maior prevalência de nascimentos durante a fase de lua crescente, meses de novembro e junho, estação de verão e terças-feiras. Encontrada associação estatisticamente significativa entre rotura prematura de membranas, mês de outubro e sexta-feira. Não encontrou-se associação entre a fase do ciclo lunar com rotura prematura de membranas e prematuridade, assim como, fatores sazonais e prematuridade. Observou-se menor prevalência de rotura prematura de membranas no mês de outubro e na sexta feira.

The lunar cycle has always been the target of popular beliefs, mainly related to the occurrence of more births during the full moon phase. External influences such as low atmospheric pressure are associated with rupture of the chorioamniotic membrane and there seems to be a biological mechanism for the onset of preterm labor. This study aims to study the influence of the lunar cycle and seasonality on the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving data from the birth book of a maternity unit located in the south of Brazil for a period of 4 years, totaling 13,291 births. Two sites were used, one to estimate the lunar cycle at the time of birth and another to determine the day of the week. A database was created and exported to SPSS18.0 where it was parsed. Poisson analysis was used. The variables that presented p <0.25 were included in a multivariate analysis to observe the independence of the associations. Statistical significance was set at p <0.05. There was a higher prevalence of births during the growing moon phase, months of November and June, summer season and Tuesday. We found a statistically significant association between premature rupture of membranes, from October to Friday. There was no association between the lunar cycle phase with premature rupture of membranes and prematurity, as well as seasonal factors and prematurity. It was observed a lower prevalence of premature rupture of membranes in the month of October and on Friday.

In situ analysis of a composting plant located in São Paulo city: fungal ecology in different composting phases

The National Plan for Solid Waste has set out to reduce by 25% the amount of organic waste disposed of in landfills, mostly food residues from street fairs, besides determining the implementation of municipal composting plants, and it also mentions improving the capacity of plants already installed. The purpose of the study was to analyze which decomposing fungi are involved in the different composting phases, in a plant located in the city of São Paulo. Data was collected in four composting seasons from 2016 to 2017 and the analysis of 49 samples showed twelve genera belonging to the Ascomycetes and Zygomycetes phyla, but only at the mesophilic phase. In all seasons, yeasts and Aspergillus fumigatus were predominant with a total count of 1.0 x 109 cfu g-1 and 7.4 x 108 cfu g-1, respectively. These fungi can be applied in future studies of biostimulation to optimize the cycle at the municipal plant.