ABSTRACT
Uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase(UGT) is a highly conserved protein in plants, which usually functions in secondary metabolic pathways. This study used the Hidden Markov Model(HMM) to screen out members of UGT gene family in the whole genome of Dendrobium officinale, and 44 UGT genes were identified. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the structure, phylogeny, and promoter region components of D. officinale genes. The results showed that UGT gene family could be divided into four subfamilies, and UGT gene structure was relatively conserved in each subfamily, with nine conserved domains. The upstream promoter region of UGT gene contained a variety of cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and environmental factors, indicating that UGT gene expression may be induced by plant hormones and external environmental factors. UGT gene expression in different tissues of D. officinale was compared, and UGT gene expression was found in all parts of D. officinale. It was speculated that UGT gene played an important role in many tissues of D. officinale. Through transcriptome analysis of D. officinale mycorrhizal symbiosis environment, low temperature stress, and phosphorus deficiency stress, this study found that only one gene was up-regulated in all three conditions. The results of this study can help understand the functions of UGT gene family in Orchidaceae plants and provide a basis for further study on the molecular regulation mechanism of polysaccharide metabolism pathway in D. officinale.
Subject(s)
Dendrobium/genetics , Plant Growth Regulators , Glycosyltransferases/metabolism , Gene Expression Profiling , Mycorrhizae , Phylogeny , Plant Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the phylogenetic and antigenic characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) gene of influenza B/Victoria lineage (BV) viruses in Beijing during the 2021-2022 influenza surveillance season, and to analyze whether the circulating BV viruses match the vaccine strain.Methods:Pharyngeal swab specimens from influenza like-illness (ILI) cases in the 2021-2022 influenza surveillance season were collected from surveillance network labs in Beijing and cultured in MDCK cells and chicken embryo to isolate BV viruses. Nucleic acids of the viruses were extracted, and the HA gene was amplified and sequenced. The nucleotide and amino acid sequence identity of the HA gene was analyzed using MEGA5.0 software. A phylogenetic tree of HA gene was constructed using the maximum likelihood method. The N-glycosylation sites in HA were predicted online. Three-dimensional structure of HA was constructed using SWISS-MODEL homologous modeling. Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was performed to analyze the antigenicity of BV viruses.Results:A total of 402 BV viruses were collected and 58 strains with full-length HA gene sequences were chosen for further analysis. Compared with the HA gene of this year′s vaccine strain (B/Washington/02/2019), there were 27 amino acid mutations, 11 of which were located in four different antigenic determinants. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that three subgroups of 1A.3, 1A.3a1, and 1A.3a2 co-circulated in Beijing with 54 strains (54/58, 93.10%) clustered to the Clade 1A.3a2, two strains (2/58, 3.45%) clustered to the Clade 1A.3a1, and two strains (2/58, 3.45%) in the same subgroup (Clade 1A.3) as the vaccine component BV strain in 2021-2022. Compared with the vaccine strain (B/Washington/02/2019), two BV strains had an additional N-glycosylation site at residue 197, while the other 56 strains showed no change in N-glycosylation sites. Antigenic analysis showed that 35 BV strains (35/58, 60.34%) were antigenically similar to the vaccine strain and 23 strains (23/58, 39.66%) were low-response strains.Conclusions:Three subgroups of BV viruses co-circulated in Beijing during the 2021-2022 influenza surveillance season. The predominant subgroup was Clade 1A.3a2 (93.10%), showing a certain genetic distance with the vaccine strain (B/Washington/02/2019). Nearly 40% (39.66%) of the viruses were low-response strains. This study indicated that continuous monitoring of the variations of influenza epidemic strains and timely providing laboratory basis for screening vaccine component strains were the basic technical guarantee for coping with influenza pandemic.
ABSTRACT
A total of 121 species of lichens belonging to the genus Arthothelium have been described to date, most of which have been found in tropical regions. Here, we describe the discovery of a novel Arthothelium species for the first time in South Korea. Until now, Arthothelium ruanum was the only Arthothelium species reported in South Korea. Among the 113 specimens collected in this study, we identified A. ruanum and a putative new species, Arthothelium punctatum (J. S. Park & J.–S. Hur, sp. nov.). The diagnostic characters of A. punctatum are as follows: apothecia punctate, shortly elongate to branched, small, 0.1–0.2 mm wide, hypothecium hyaline to pale brown and obovate to broadly ellipsoid, muriform ascospores, 29.5–44.6 × 12.2–18.2 μm. The new species was found in Mt. Seokbyeong at an altitude of 790 m on smooth bark. Upon phylogenic analysis, the putative new species, A. punctatum, was separated from other Arthothelium species although the specimens analyzed were clustered with Arthoniaceae in phylogenetic trees based on both the mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) sequence and combined mtSSU and nuclear ribosomal large subunit sequences. Our data clearly indicate that this species is a new species belonging to the family Arthoniaceae. To elucidate the taxonomic characteristics of the new species, we provide morphological descriptions and a distribution map.
Subject(s)
Humans , Altitude , Classification , Hyalin , Korea , Lichens , TreesABSTRACT
Objective To identify the pathogen that caused an outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Shandong province in 2005. Phylogenic analysis was carried out on Coxsackie-virus B5 (CVB5) which was isolated during this outbreak. Methods 78 stool and 58 cerebrospinal fluids (CSF) specimens were collected from some inpatients during this outbreak. Virus isolation and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was then performed. Phylo-genetic trees based on entire and partial VP1 sequences were constructed among CVB5 isolates and others published in GenBank. Results The isolation rates of stool and CSF specimens were 38.5% (30/78) and 48.3% (28/58) respectively. Among the results of serotype identification and molecular typing of 58 positive isolates, 54 were identified as CVB5, 2 as ECHO24, 1 as CVB3 and 1 as CVA9. Results from viral investigation showed that CVB5 was the main pathogen causing this outbreak. Data from homological comparisons indicated that Shandong strains had the highest nucleotide acid identity with the Zhejiang/ 12/02 strain (97.5%-97.8%), and lower identity (78.3%-78.6%) with the prototype strain (Faulkner strain). Phylogenic tree in VP1 region showed that CVB5 could be separated into four genotypes. Isolates of this outbreak belonged to genotype D. Conclusion CVB5 was the major etiological agent correlated with this outbreak. The shift of predominant genotype might serve as one of the causes that associated with the outbreaks of aseptic meningitis.
ABSTRACT
Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis based on the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP2 protein was carried out in order to characterize the agent of two outbreaks of infectious bursal disease in layer flocks in the state of Minas Gerais in 2004. The results indicate the outbreaks could be related to the vaccinal virus.
O sequenciamento e a análise filogenética a partir da seqüência nucleotídica do gene que codifica a proteína VP2 foram realizados com o intuito de caracterizar os agentes causadores de dois surtos da doença infecciosa bursal em lotes de poedeiras do estado Minas Gerais, em 2004. Os resultados indicam que os surtos analisados podem estar relacionados com o vírus de origem vacinal.