Study on photosynthesis and physiological characteristics of Acanthopanax giraldii on different light intensity / 中国中药杂志

This article is aimed to study the response mechanism of Acanthopanax giraldii on different shading intensity to guide its artificial cultivation. The cultivated A. giraldii in Maoxian was used as the research object, set up different shading treatment groups, analyzed photosynthesis, physiology, submicroscopic structure to explore the response mechanism of A. giraldii to different light intensity. Light was the main influencing factor to photosynthetic rate.During morning and afternoon periods,the Pn of the CK group reduced by stomatal limitation and non stomatal limitation factors respectively. While during 14：30-18：30 period, the Pn of A₁ and A₂ groups reduced by non stomatal limitation factors.LSP, LCP and Rd of A₁ and A₂ groups were significantly lower than those of CK group;The content of SS and SP of A₁ and A₂ groups were lower than those of CK group. The content of Pro of CK group were significantly higher than those of group A₂.The activities of SOD and POD of them was higher than that of CK group,CAT activity of A₁ and POD activity of A₂ were relatively higher In their respective free radical scavenging system. Starch grain increased and base grana declined in the chloropalst of those group CK. The study results indicated that response mechanism of different shading conditions of A. giraldii under field cultivation conditions. Its could effectively adapt to environmental changes of the home cultivation,which provided a reference for ensuring yield and quality.

Effects of high temperature stress on physiological indicators of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis / 中草药

Objective To provide a reference for the introduction and cultivation of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in mid-south region of China, its resistance adaptation ability of high temperature was explored. Methods Strong seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were chosen and treated under different temperature conditions (25 ℃/20 ℃, 33 ℃/28 ℃, 39 ℃/34 ℃) for 7 d, and then investigated the effect on their related physiological indexes. Results The results showed that with the increase of temperature and stress time, the relative water content of the leaves of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis decreased significantly under the treatment of 33 ℃/28 ℃ and 39 ℃/34 ℃ for 7 d, which was 17.38% and 58.25% lower than the control (25 ℃/20 ℃) respectively. The relative conductivity and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were both increased continuously, and it was respectively 3.59 times and 2.55 times higher than that of control under the temperature of 39 ℃/34 ℃. The content of soluble sugar decreased gradually at 39 ℃/34 ℃, which was 33.25% lower than that of the control. The changing of soluble protein content showed a wavy trend, and the fluctuation range of 33 ℃/28 ℃ treatment groups was larger than that of the control group, which increased to 1.32 times of the control after 7 d. The SOD increased firstly and then decreased. The peak value was reached after 4 d at 39 ℃/34 ℃, which was 2.35 times higher than that of the control group. The POD increased gradually in treatment group, which increased to 2.33 times of that in control group at 39 ℃/34 ℃ for 4 d, and the amplitude of the change gradually slowed down. Conclusion In the experimental temperature range, P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis grew well at 25 ℃/20 ℃, which was its optimal growth temperature. Long-term continuous temperature stress treatment at 33 ℃/28 ℃ can cause damage to plant leaves; High temperature at 39 ℃/34 ℃ will seriously damage the physiological and morphological structure of the plant, and even lead to the death of the plant.

The effects of different modes of blood purification on related physiological and biochemical indexes in patients with maintenance of hemodialysis / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of 3 different blood purification methods with single treatment or continuous treatment for 2 months on the physiological and biochemical indexes of patients with maintenance of hemodialysis (MHD). Methods The clinical data of 90 patients who underwent MHD in Department of the Blood Purification of Wuhan General Hospital of PLA from March 2016 to April 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into three groups: hemodialysis (HD) group, hemodiafiltration (HDF) group and HD + hemoperfusion (HP) group, 30 cases in each group. All the patients were treated routinely with erythropoietin and iron, and original oral antihypertensive drugs were continuously taken. The patients in HD group underwent 3 times of HD each week, 4 hours each time; the patients in HDF group applied once HDF and twice of HD each week, once 4 hours, and post dilution method was adopted with the replacement volume 50 - 70 mL/min; the patients in HD+HP group performed once HD+HP and twice HD each week, 4 hours each time. The levels of blood creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma leptin (LP), serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), serum hypersensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), etc. were collected before single dialysis, 4 hours and 2 months after continuous treatment, and the differences in above indexes were compared among the three groups. Results With the prolongation of dialysis time, renal function related indexes (SCr, BUN), macromolecular toxin related indexes (LP, PTH) and micro inflammation related indexes (hs-CRP, IL-6) in the three groups were significantly lower than those before dialysis, the degrees of decrease of the indexes after continuous treatment for 2 months were more obvious than those after single treatment for 4 hours, but there were no statistical significant differences in inter-group comparisons of SCr and BUN among the three groups (both P ＞ 0.05). After 2 months of continuous treatment, the degrees of decrease of LP, PTH and hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in group HD+HP were more significant than those in either HD group or HDF group [LP (ng/L): 7.56±2.67 vs. 9.55±3.67, 8.82±2.47, PTH (ng/L): 356.88±189.46 vs. 520.55±330.16, 487.43±234.26, hs-CRP (mg/L):10.30±3.21 vs. 21.43±4.46, 12.31±3.92, IL-6 (ng/L): 18.56±4.62 vs. 34.21±6.77, 19.84±6.41, all P ＜ 0.05]. Conclusion HD+HP can effectively improve the physiological and biochemical indexes of MHD patients, and is an ideal way to treat MHD patients.

Determination and analysis of physiological constants and blood biochemical indexes of male and female SJ5-SPF chickens at the age of different weeks / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To study the effect of age and sex on physiological and biochemical indexes of SJ5-SPF chickens at the age of different weeks. Methods Blood biochemical indexes of SJ5-SPF chickens at the age of different weeks were measured using an automatic blood analyzer, including 19 items: ALT, ALP, GGT, AST, LDH, TP, GLB, ALB, TB, DB, IBIL, GLU, TG, TCH, BUN, CRE, K+, Na+, and Ca2+. At the same time, the body temperature (T), respiratory frequency (R), heart rate (HR), diastolic pressure (DBP) and systolic pressure (SBP) of the SJ5-SPF chickens were measured using a RM6240C multi-channel physiological signal acquisition and processing system. Results (1) Among the physiological parameters, the body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and systolic blood pressure showed significant differences between the 4-week old chickens and the chickens at ages of 20, 25, and 25 weeks (P ＜ 0. 05), but there were significant differences between the males and females at the same weeks of age except body temperature. The diastolic blood pressure was only significantly different in the 40-week old male and female chickens (P ＜ 0. 01). The heart rates showed significant differences between the male and female chickens at 4, 20 and 25 weeks of age (P ＜ 0. 01). The respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure in the 4-week old male and female chickens were significantly different (P ＜ 0. 05). (2) The 19 blood biochemical indexes showed significant differences between the male and female chickens: the GGT, ALT, AST, TB, DB, IBIL, GLU, BUN and Na+at an week-age (P＜ 0. 05), the LDH, TP, GLB, ALB and CRE at two different week-ages (P＜ 0. 05), the ALP, TG and Ca2+at three different week-ages (P＜ 0. 05), and the TCH and K+at four different week-ages (P＜ 0. 05). Conclusions The above results can provide a scientific basis for diagnosis of SJ5-SPF chicken disease, animal quarantine and other related research.

Study on Resistance Physiological Responses of Seedling of Scrophularia ningpoensis to Saline-alkali Stress / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To study the resistance physiological responses of seedling of Scrophularia ningpoensis to the stress caused by saline and alkali at different concentrations. METHODS:The seedling of S. ningpoensis was placed in the illumination in-cubator,in which the temperature was maintained at(20±2)℃,light-dark cycle at 13 h/11 h and illumination intensity at 2 000 lx. The alkali (NaHCO3) of 50,100,150,200 and 250 mmol/L and the saline (NaCl) of 50,100,150,200 and 250 mmol/L were poured once every 4 days for 16 consecutive days. The growth indexes(plant height,fresh weight,dry weight),chlorophyll (Chl) content,antioxidative indexes [superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT),peroxidase (POD),hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),malonaldehyde (MDA),membrane penetration (RMP)],and osmotic regulation physiological indexes [soluble sugar (SS),soluble protein(SP)and proline(Pro)] of the seedling were determined. There set a blank control group(distilled water). RESULTS:For saline concentration higher than 50 mmol/L and alkali concentration higher than 150 mmol/L,the seedling height, fresh weight and Chl content were lower;for saline concentration higher than 100 mmol/L and alkali concentration higher than 150 mmol/L,the dry weight of the seedling was lower. For saline concentration of 50 mmol/L and alkali concentration of 150 mmol/L, the activities of SOD and POD were the strongest;for saline concentration of 150 mmol/L and alkali concentration of 50 mmol/L, the activity of CAT was the strongest. The contents of H2O2 and MDA increased and the content of SP decreased with the increase in saline-alkali concentration. The level of RMP increased therewith,that is to say,membrane stability decreased. For saline concen-tration higher than 100 mmol/L and alkali concentration higher than 150 mmol/L,the accumulation of SS terminated;for saline and alkali concentrations higher than 100 mmol/L,the accumulation of Pro terminated,however,the content of Pro was markedly high-er in the above-said alkali concentration than in that saline concentration. CONCLUSIONS:Saline-alkali stress causes the tissues of S. ningpoensis to produce active oxygen and its cytoplasmic membrane system to be damaged. Chl,enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD,CAT and POD,and osmoprotectants such as Pro and SS can buffer saline-alkali stress to some degree. The maximum concen-trations of NaCl and NaHCO3 that seedling of S. ningpoensis can tolerate are 50 mmol/L and 150 mmol/L respectively.

Predição da performance de corredores de endurance por meio de testes de laboratório e pista / Performance prediction of endurance runners through laboratory and track tests

Os objetivos deste estudo foram: determinar e comparar índices fisiológicos obtidos em teste de laboratório e pista (teste de pista da Universidade de Montreal - UMTT) em corredores de endurance; analisar a capacidade de predição do VO2max, vVO2max e LAn determinados no laboratório e no UMTT para a performance nas distâncias de 1.500 m, 5.000 m e 10.000 m; analisar os efeitos da distância da prova na relação entre os índices fisiológicos VO2max, vVO2max e LAn com a performance. Participaram deste estudo, 10 corredores moderadamente treinados que realizaram os seguintes testes: provas simuladas nas distâncias de 10.000 m, 5.000 m e 1.500 m; dois testes incrementais máximos (laboratório e pista) para determinar os índices VO2max, vVO2max e LAn. Não houve diferenças significativas entre o VO2max, vVO2max e LAn determinados em ambos os protocolos. De acordo com a análise de regressão múltipla, referente ao teste de laboratório, a vVO2max foi a única variável selecionada para explicar a performance nas provas de 1.500 e 5.000 m (62 e 35%, respectivamente). Do mesmo modo, dentre as variáveis determinadas no UMTT, somente a vVO2max explicou a performance nestas distâncias (78 e 66%, respectivamente). Por outro lado, o LAn determinado no laboratório e no UMTT explicou 38 e 52% da performance nos 10.000 m, respectivamente. Pode-se concluir que a predição da performance aeróbia de corredores de endurance moderadamente treinados, a partir do VO2max, vVO2max e LAn, determinados em laboratório e no UMTT, é dependente da distância da prova analisada.

The objectives of this study were: 1) determine and compare physiological indexes from laboratory and track tests (Université de Montréal Track Test - UMTT) in endurance runners; 2) analyze the predictive capacity of VO2max, vVO2max and AT with the running performance at 1,500 m, 5,000 m and 10,000 m time trials; 3) analyze the effects of running distance on the relationship between the physiological indexes with aerobic performance. The study included 10 moderately trained endurance runners who performed the following series of tests on different days: 10,000 m, 5,000 m, and 1,500 m time trials on a 400 m track; two maximal incremental tests (laboratory and track) to determine the VO2max, vVO2max, and AT. There were no significant differences between VO2max, vVO2max and AT determined in both protocols. The multiple regression analysis revealed that vVO2max was the only index from laboratory associated with running performance at 1,500 and 5,000 m (62 and 35%, respectively). In addition, vVO2max from UMTT explained the running performance for the same previous distance (78 and 66%, respectively). On the other hand, the AT determined in both incremental tests explained 38 and 52% of performance at 10,000 m time trial, respectively. Thus, the prediction of endurance performance of long distance runners using VO2max, vVO2max and AT determined in the laboratory and UMTT tests depends on the running distance.

Crescimento de feijão-caupi sob efeito de veranico nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional / Cowpea growth as affected by dry spell in no-tillage and conventional crop systems

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento de feijão-caupi sob o efeito de veranico nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento na Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido, utilizando-se a cultivar de feijão-caupi BRS Guariba em plantio direto e convencional. Para aplicação do veranico, a irrigação foi mantida em parte dos tratamentos e cortada em outros por 22 dias, sendo os tratamentos iniciados aos 34 dias após a semeadura, ocasião em que foi verificado o início do florescimento. Entre os 15 e 64 dias após a semeadura foram realizadas, semanalmente, coletas de plantas para avaliação. Os sistemas de plantio influenciam o crescimento da área foliar, da matéria seca do caule, de folhas, de vagens e total do feijão-caupi. Os índices de crescimento foram influenciados pela fase fenológica da planta (idade) e pelo estresse hídrico. As maiores taxas de crescimento foram alcançadas no sistema de plantio direto. O estresse hídrico, afeta negativamente todas as variáveis avaliadas, independentemente do sistema de plantio.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of cowpea under the influence of dry spell in no-tillage and conventional crop systems. For this purpose an experiment was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido, using the cowpea cultivar BRS Guariba in both crop systems. For the dry spells simulation, irrigation was suspended for 22 days, with the treatments starting at 34 days after sowing, at the onset of flowering. Between 15 and 64 days after sowing plants samples were collected weekly to evaluate. The tillage systems influenced the growth of leaf area, and the dry matter of stem, leaf, pod and plant. The growth rates were influenced by the plant phenological phase (age) and by water stress. The highest growth rates were achieved in the no-tillage system. Water stress affects negatively all the variables studied, regardless of tillage system.

Perfil fisiológico de uma aula de body step® / Body step® physiological profile

O objetivo do estudo foi determinar o perfil fisiológico da aula de Body Step® (BS) por meio da frequência cardíaca (FC) e concentração de lactato sanguíneo ([La]). Onze mulheres (25 ± 4 anos; 59,5 ± 5,5 kg; 164,2 ± 7,5 cm; 22,8 ± 2,6% de gordura corporal) praticantes da modalidade foram submetidas a duas intervenções: um teste submáximo de banco e uma aula de BS. A FCpico e a FCmédia encontradas durante a aula foram 182 ± 9 e 142 ± 12 bpm, respectivamente. O gasto calórico total estimado da aula foi de 480,7 ± 79,3 kcal. Em relação à [La], as participantes do estudo permaneceram em 58,3% das músicas dentro do domínio pesado, 25% no domínio moderado e 16,7% no severo. Pode-se concluir que a aula de BS apresentou elevada intensidade confirmada a partir dos indicadores fisiológicos mensurados, os quais estão adequados para o aprimoramento da capacidade aeróbia.

The aim of the present study was to determine the physiological profile of a Body Step® (BS) class by heart rate (HR) average and blood lactate concentration ([La]). Eleven women (25 ± 4 years; 59.5 ± 5.5 kg; 164.2 ± 7.5 cm; 22.8 ± 2.6% body fat) practitioners of this class underwent two interventions: a submaximal step test and a BS class. The HRpeak and HRaverage found during the class were 182 ± 9 and 142 ± 12 bpm, respectively. The estimated total energy expenditure of the class was 480.7 ± 79.3 kcal. Related to [La], the participants remained at 58.3% of the music in the heavy domain, 25% in the moderate and 16.7% in the severe domain. Thus, it can be concluded that the BS class showed high intensity, confirmed by the measured physiological indexes, which are adequate to the improvement of the aerobic fitness.

Effects of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and energy dissipation of Sarcandra glabra under drought stress / 中草药

Objective To study the effects of drought stress on chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and energy dissipation of Sarcandra glabra and get the method of alleviating drought stress, so as to provide theoretical basis against drought in planting. Methods Several physiological indexes of S. glabra treated by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) under drought stress (PEG-6000 at the concentration of 15%) were measured, such as the contents of photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and energy parameters. Results Exogenous ALA obviously increased the content of chlorophyll and carotenoids, enhanced the maximum fluorescence (Fm), photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII, Fv/Fm), potential photochemical efficiency (FWFo), photochemical efficiency (Fv'/Fm'), PSII actual photochemical efficiency (φPSII), photochemical quenching coefficient (qP), electronic transfer rate (ETR), and photochemistry rate (PCR), as well as significnatly decreased the level of minimum fluorescence (Fo), non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) coefficient, and heat dissipation rate (HDR). The proportion of ALA absorbed light in photochemistry (P) was increased, the fraction of antenna pigment heat dissipation (D) and excess energy (E) for NPQ was decreased. The fraction off was the main pathway for excessive energy dissipation. ALA could promote the redistribution of energy reasonablely. Conclusion Exogenous ALA (100 mg/L) could significantly reduce the dissipation of excess excitation energy, improve the photochemical electron transport efficiency, and efficiently protect leaf blade of S. glabra from PSII damage under drought stress. ALA could obviously promote the drought resistance of S. glabra plantlet.

Análise de crescimento de Bixa orellana L. sob efeito da inoculação micorrízica e adubação fosfatada / Analyses of Bixa orellana L. growth under the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilization

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento de Bixa orellana L. em condições de viveiro sob efeito da inoculação micorrízica e adubação fosfatada. As plantas foram cultivadas em sacos de polietileno com 0,18 X 0,30 m e capacidade de 1,3 kg de substrato. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e trinta repetições. As dosagens de fósforo utilizadas foram 0, 4.200 e 8.400 g m-3 de substrato. O fungo micorrízico arbuscular (FMA) da espécie Glomus clarum, foi utilizado em metade dos tratamentos (com e sem micorrizas) com inoculação de 2 g do fungo. As avaliações ocorreram 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após a emergência das plântulas. Determinou-se a massa seca de folhas, área foliar, massa seca total, razão de área foliar, área foliar específica, taxa assimilatória líquida, taxa de crescimento relativo e taxa de crescimento absoluto. O fungo micorrízico facilita a absorção de fósforo pelo urucum, atendendo a sua exigência em relação ao nutriente. A dose de fósforo de 4.200 g m-3 em associação com FMA Glomus clarum ou 8.400 g m-3, com ou sem essa associação, são indicadas para o crescimento de plantas de urucum em viveiro, por promoverem adequadas respostas dos índices fisiológicos, contribuindo com seu desenvolvimento.

This study aimed to evaluate the development of Bixa orellana L. under nursery conditions and subjected to the effects of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphate fertilization. The plants were grown in polyethylene bags with dimensions of 0.18 x 0.30 m and capacity of 1.3 kg substrate. The adopted experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments and thirty replicates. The used phosphorus levels were 0, 4.200 and 8.400 g m-3 substrate. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) of the species Glomus clarum was used in half of the treatments (with and without mycorrhizae) with inoculation of 2 g of the fungus. Evaluations occurred at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after the emergence of seedlings. Leaf dry mass, leaf area, total dry mass, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate and absolute growth rate were determined. The mycorrhizal fungus facilitates phosphorus uptake by annatto, fulfilling its requirement for the nutrient. The phosphorus level of 4.200 g m-3 in association with Glomus clarum or 8.400 g m-3, with or without this association, are indicated for annatto plant growth in nurseries since they promote appropriate responses of physiological indexes, contributing to the plant development.

Indicadores conductuales de ansiedad escolar en bachilleres en función de sus calificaciones en un examen de matemáticas / Behavioral Indexes of Test Anxiety in Mathematics among Senior High School Students

El estudio de las matemáticas ha sido y es aún una fuente de frustración y ansiedad para un número considerable de estudiantes. No obstante, se considera como una piedra angular en la formación escolar, por el énfasis que hace en el entrenamiento analítico y en el manejo del lenguaje simbólico. El propósito del presente estudio fue valorar los niveles de ansiedad, vía procedimientos conductuales y fisiológicos antes y después de la administración de un examen de matemáticas en el bachillerato y analizar la relación que guardan éstos con el desempeño en el examen, en el curso y en el promedio semestral. Las preocupaciones escolares fueron evaluadas mediante una prueba computarizada basada en la versión emocional del paradigma de Stroop, diseñada ex profeso para medir la ansiedad escolar, que consistió en una tarea de discriminación condicional que empleaba palabras con carga negativa o neutra (Hernández-Pozo, Macías & Torres, 2004). Esta prueba se administró antes y después del primer examen de matemáticas del curso. Se monitoreó la tensión arterial, antes y después de cada exposición a la prueba de Stroop. Participaron en el estudio 205 bachilleres. El desempeño académico global guardó una relación inversa con el nivel de ansiedad conductual. Los resultados contradictorios entre el desempeño en matemáticas y el promedio general, así como la ausencia de diferencias por género en ansiedad medida conductualmente, cuestionan la generalidad de aseveraciones que relacionan de manera inversa el desempeño académico con los niveles de ansiedad de los bachilleres.

The study of Mathematics has been and is still a source of frustration and anxiety for a large number of students. The purpose of this study was to inquire systematically upon levels of test anxiety through behavioral and physiological procedures before and after a Math test, in 205 senior high school students. Academic worries were assessed by means of a computerized task based on the emotional version of the Stroop paradigm designed ex profeso to measure school anxiety (Hernández-Pozo, Macías & Torres, 2004). The Stroop task was administered, along with recordings of blood pressure and pulse, before and after the first Math test of the course. Academic general scores were inverse to the behavioral anxiety level, however the best Math scores were associated to middle levels of behavioral anxiety. Contradictory findings between academic performance in Math and global score, and the apparent lack of gender difference in anxiety measured through behavioral procedures suggests the need to review the generality of previous assertions relating academic performance inversely with levels of anxiety of high school students.