Isolamento do estigmasterol do extrato hexânico das folhas de Sphagneticola trilobata Pruski (Asteraceae) / Isolation of stigmaterol from hexanic extract of the leaves of Sphagneticola trilobata Pruski (Asteraceae)

O interesse de pesquisadores e da população geral é bastante evidente, e tem crescido bastante na atualidade, no uso de plantas medicinais. A espécie de interesse deste trabalho, a Sphagneticola trilobata Pruski é uma planta herbácea pertencente à família Asteraceae. Alguns relatos têm mostrado a presença de diversos constituintes químicos nesta planta, principalmente diterpenos. O presente trabalho realizou o estudo fitoquímico de uma fração do extrato hexânico, devido ao baixo rendimento da fração diclorometânica, através da utilização de diversos métodos cromatográficos, na qual isolouse o fitoesterol estigmasterol. Este composto foi confirmado por meio de dados espectroscópicos e de literaturas, e o isolamento de compostos desta classe de substâncias indicam uma nova vertente para o uso medicinal desta planta como um futuro hipocolesterolêmico. Para isto, estudos serão direcionados para o isolamento de fitoesteróis, com posterior realização de ensaios biológicos (AU)

The interest of researchers and the general population is quite evident, and has grown considerably today, in the use of medicinal plants. The species of interest in this work, Sphagneticola trilobata Pruski is a herbaceous plant, belonging to Asteraceae family. Some reports have shown the presence of several chemical constituents in this plant, mainly diterpenes. The present work carried out the phytochemical study of a fraction of the hexane extract, due to the low yield of the dichloromethane fraction, by several chromatographic methods, in which the phytosterol estigmasterol was isolated. This compound has been confirmed by means of spectroscopic and literature data, and the isolation of compounds of this class of substances indicates a new strand for the medicinal use of this plant as a hypocholesterolemic future. For this, studies will be directed to the isolation of phytosterols, with subsequent biological tests (AU)

Research progress on role of cholesterol in liposomes and replacement with sterols and saponins / 中草药

With the development of process study of liposomes, the design of multifunctional liposomes has been a research hotspot. Cholesterol is one of the main components in liposome preparations, and plays an important role in the liposome's structure and stability. Sterols, saponins with the similar structure and certain pharmacological activities can be used to replace cholesterol in liposomes, which can also form good liposomes. Also, the pharmacological activities of sterols and saponins endow the liposomes with better application value. With the relevant literatures at home and abroad in recent years, this paper reviews the research progress of the role of cholesterol and the replacement design of cholesterol in liposomes with sterols and saponins.

The advances of enteral parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis in preterm / 国际儿科学杂志

Parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis ( PNAC) is a complication of premature infants caused by multiple factors and directly related to parenteral nutrition, resulting in multiple organ dysfunctions in premature infants. Long-term parenteral nutrition and intestinal failure are the main risk factors of PNAC. Its mechanism is complicated, and there is no effective prevention and control measures at present. This article mainly reviews the pathogenesis, risk factors and application of fish oil in PNAC.

Efeito de suplemento dietético à base de fitosterol associado à Dieta Passo II do NCEP sobre o LDL em crianças e adolescentes dislipidêmicos: Ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado, duplo cego / Effect of phytosterol dietary supplement associated with NCEP step II diet on LDL in dyslipidemic children and adolescents: double-blind, cross-over trial

Apesar das evidências do efeito dos esteróis vegetais entre adultos dislipidêmicos , dados sobre o uso de cápsulas com fitosteróis em crianças são limitados. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de suplemento dietético à base de fitosterol associado à dieta Passo II no NCEP no LDL de crianças e adolescentes dislipidêmicos em um hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro. Deste modo, foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado cruzado, duplo cego com uso de placebo durante vinte semanas utilizando como critério de inclusão valores de lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) maoir que 110mg/dL. Cinquenta e três crianças com idade entre 7 e 14 anos foram recrutadas, das quais 40 eram elegíveis para participar do estudo, sendo submetidas ao período do run in durante quatro semanas onde receberam orientações para seguir as recomendações da dieta Passo II do NCEP. Ao final do run in trinta e uma crianças e adolescentes permaneceram com LDL superior a 110mg/dL e foram randomizados para participar do estudo. O grupo intervenção recebeu cápsulas contendo 1,5mg/dia de fitosteróis na forma livre e esterificada e o grupo controle recebeu cápsulas contendo 2g/dia de óleo de girassol durante o período de oito semanas. Os participantes foram submetidos ao período do wash out durante quatro semanas. Foram coletados bioquímicos incluindo glicose, colesterol total, LDL, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), triglicerídeos e dados antropométricos nas semanas 0, 8, 12 e 20. Foi realizada análise por intenção de tratar através dos modelos generalizados lineares mistos, usando o software SAS. Ao final do run in 9 participantes reduziram o LDL à menos 110 mg/dL, representando 25% da amostra. Foi observado ainda a prevalência de obesidade em 66,7% dos participantes que reduziram o LDL no run in. Após oito semanas, os participantes do grupo intervenção reduziram o LDL em 6,5%, enquanto o grupo controle apresentou redução de 1,7%. O HDL aumentou em 15,2% no grupo intervenção e 0,1% no grupo controle. 35% dos participantes do grupo intervenção alcançaram os valores considerados desejáveis para o LDL. Contudo, nenhuma destas variações foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos. Apesar do estudo não observar diferença estatisticamente significativa nas reduções do LDL entre os grupos o uso de suplementos a base de fitosteróis por meio de cápsulas mostrou-se seguro no tratamento das dislipidemias na infância e adolescência. Nota-se ainda que a dieta Passo II do NCEP mostrou-se efetiva na redução do LDL nas crianças e adolescentes obesos, sendo este um resultado relevante para redução do risco cardiovascular. Os resultados apresentados no presente estudo reforçam a necessidade de novos estudos envolvendo suplementação de fitosterol por meio de cápsulas, para que estes possam ser comparados.

Even with the evidence of lipid-lowering effect of plant sterols among dyslipidemic adults, the use of capsules with phytosterols in children is limited. The objective of the present study was evaluate the effect of phytosterol-based dietary supplementation associated with the Step II diet NCEP, in LDL of dyslipidemic children and adolescents at university hospital in Rio de Janeiro. A randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial with placebo was realized for 20 weeks. Thirty-one children and adolescents between seven and fourteen years old participated in the study. The intervention group received capsules containing 1.5g / day of phytosterols in the free and esterified form and the control group received capsules containing 2g / day of sunflower oil during the eight-week period. The partitipants were submited to wash out during four weeks. Biochemical data were collected including glucose, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides; anthropometric measures at weeks 0, 8, 12 and 20. Intention-to-treat analysis were performed, using the proc mixed procedure in SAS. In the end of run in 9 participats reduced LDL above 110mg/dL, representing 25% sample size. The prevalence of obesity was also observed in 66.7% of the participants who reduced LDL in the run-in. Intention-to-treat analysis were performed, using the proc mixed procedure in SAS. After eight weeks, participants in the intervention group reduced LDL by 6.48%, while the control group had a reduction of 1.68%. HDL increased by 15.2% in the intervention group and 0.07% in the control group. 35% of participants in the intervention group achieved values considered desirable for LDL. However, none of these variations was significantly different between groups. Even the study did not achieve significantly statistic diference on reduction of LDL between the groups, the intake of phytosterol´s capsule showed safe on dislipidemic in child and youth treatment. It is also noted that the step II diet of the NCEP proved to be effective in reducing LDL in obese children and adolescents, which is a revealing result for reducing cardiovascular risk.The results presented in the present study reinforce the need for new studies involving supplementation of phytosterol with capsules, so that they can be compared.

Effects of phytosterol ester on amino acid profile of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease induced by high fat diet / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To explore the effects of phytosterol ester (PSE) on the hepatic steatosis and amino acid profile of rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by high fat diet. Methods Thirty-one male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC group, n＝7), high fat diet group (HF group, n＝12) and PSE intervention group (PSE＋HF group, n＝12). The rats in the HF and PSE＋HF groups were fed with high-fat diet to establish the NAFLD rat model, and the rats in the PSE＋HF group were continuously intragastrically administered with PSE 0.5 g/kg for 12 weeks. The hepatic steatosis was evaluated with Oil Red O staining, and the serum amino acid profile was analyzed using automatic amino acid analyzer. Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between amino acids and degree of liver steatosis. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was carried out using SIMCA-P 11.5 software. Results There was no significant difference in body mass of rats between the PSE＋HF group and HF group (P0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in food intake of rats between the NC, HF and PSE＋HF groups (P0.05). Compared with the HF group, the hepatic steatosis of rats was partly alleviated in the PSE＋HF group. The serum levels of essential amino acids, including isoleucine and leucine, and the non-essential amino acids, including cysteine, aspartate, glutamate and alanine, in the PSE＋HF group were increased by 17.25%, 12.42%, 41.47%, 15.61%, 17.87% and 16.07%, respectively, compared with the HF group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P0.05). The levels of serum NH3 and histidine were significantly decreased in the PSE＋HF group versus the HF group (both P0.05). PLS-DA analysis results showed that HF group and PSE＋HF group could be clustered respectively. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the levels of histidine, proline and serum NH3 were positively correlated with the degree of hepatic steatosis (all P0.01); and tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine, cysteine, glutamate and the related metabolites, ornithine, were negatively correlated with the degree of hepatic steatosis (all P0.05). Conclusion PSE can regulate the amino acid metabolic profile of rats with NAFLD induced by high fat diet.

Effects of phytosterol ester on aortic aging and expression of related genes in rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To explore the protective effect of phytosterol ester (PSE) on aortic aging in rats.ME-THODS: The female SD rats (12 months old, n=42) were randomly divided into control group, model group and PSE group.During the experiment, the rats in control group, model group and PSE group were treated with basic feed, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD with 2% PSE (W/W) for 6 months, respectively.The morphological changes of the aorta were observed by HE staining and Masson staining, and the absolute area of smooth muscle cells and collagen fiber in the vascular wall were measured by image analysis.The levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were detected.The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at mRNA and protein levels in the vascular tissue was determined by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RESULTS: PSE significantly lowered plasma TC and LDL-C, and increased plasma HDL-C level (P<0.05), but had no effect on plasma TG level.PSE significantly attenuated the thickening of intima and media of aging aortic, and decreased the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the amount of VSMC and collagen fiber in the aorta (P<0.05).PSE significantly reduced the contents of AGEs and MDA (P<0.05), but had no effect on the activity of SOD and CAT in the plasma.PSE also down-regulated the expression of PPARγ and up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: PSE is able to attenuate the senescence process in the aorta by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in plasma, and activating SIRT1, or inhibiting the expression of PPARγ in vascular tissues.

Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering mechanism and blood lipid profile managing effect of phytosterol in healthy normal and hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of randomly controlled trials / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of phytosterol reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in the serum,and evaluate the clinical effect of phytosterol-enriched functional food and dietary supplement on blood lipid profile.Methods We systematically reviewed the literature on the mechanism of phytosterol reducing LDL-C in the serum,and conducted a meta-analysis of randomly controlled trials (RCT) on the clinical effect of phytosterol-enriched functional food and dietary supplement on blood lipid profile.We searched in databases,including PubMed,EMBASE and Cochrane Library,for literature in the timeframe between January 2007 and January 2017,and conducted manual searching and reference review.Researches were strictly screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria,and RCTs included in the meta-analysis were tested using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias.The meta-analysis was conducted with RevMan 5.3 to investigate the effects of phytosterol-enriched functional food and dietary supplement on the levels of LDL-C,high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) in the serum of health population and patients with hypercholesterolemia.Results A total of 58 researches were included,of which 46 were related to the cholesterol lowering mechanism of phytosterol and 12 were RCTs on its cholesterol lowering effect.The meta-analysis involved 872 subjects and showed that,in both healthy population and patients with hypercholesteromia,phytosterol-enriched foods and supplements could reduce serum LDL-C level (MD=-0.24,95％ CI=-0.31-0.16,P＜0.000 01) but not HDL-C (MD=0.04,95％ CI=-0.01-0.08,P=0.12) orTG level (MD=0.05,95％ CI=-0.04-0.13,P=0.30).Conclusions Phytosterol-enriched foods and supplements could reduce serum LDL-C level without affecting HDL-C and TG level in both healthy population and patients with hypercholesteromia.Competitive inhibition of cholesterol from entering micelle is one of the established mechanisms behind the LDL-C lowering effect of phytosterol.

Mutation breeding of high 9α-hydroxy-androst-4-ene-3,17- dione transforming strains from phytosterols and their conversion process optimization / 生物工程学报

In order to improve transformation efficiency of phytosterols into 9α-hydroxylation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (9α-OH-AD) by Mycobacterium sp. LY-1, we studied the strains breeding using atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) technology and optimized their conversion process. A high production strain named C33 with a good genetic stability was selected and the product molar yield reached to 15.5%, 34.8% higher than that of original strain with 15 g/L phytosterols. Furthermore, the fermentation medium was optimized through the design of orthogonal experiment. Besides, oil-water bidirectional transformation system was set up to improve the 9α-OH-AD molar yield of mutant strain C33. With adding 12 mL soybean oil to each 1 g phytosterols, the molar yield of 9α-OH-AD reached 47.0%, which increased twice than that of control (15.5%).

Palm Oil-Derived Phytosterol: Glutathione Antioxidant Status in Rats Exposed to Carbon Tetrachloride.

The aim of this study was to assess the antioxidant effect of phytosterol from palm oil by studying its ability to improve antioxidant status of rats induced with oxidative stress by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The rats were divided into four groups of normal control (NC), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), phytosterol (P) and phytosterol plus carbon tetrachloride (P+CCl4). The P and P+CCl4 groups received weekly phytosterol pre-treatment via subcutaneous injections at 140 mg/kg rat weight for 5 weeks while the NC and CCl4 groups only received olive oil (vehicle). Carbon tetrachloride at the dose determined by a preliminary study was given as single oral dose to induce lipid peroxidation in the CCl4 and P+CCl4 groups. After 24 hours, the rats were sacrificed and the heart, liver, kidney and lung were isolated for the determination of reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels. Carbon tetrachloride caused significant reduction in the GSH:GSSH ratio in all major organs. Phytosterol pre-treatment as in the P+CCl4 group significantly increased the GSH:GSSG ratio in major organs. The present findings indicate that phytosterols keep tissue glutathione concentration in normal levels which may indicate improving antioxidant status in major organs of the rats treated with carbon tetrachloride.

Activity of Corylus avellana seed oil in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome model in rats

Abstract The aim of the present study was to assess the activity of the hazelnut oil in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. Serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, serum lipid parameters, leptin and glucose levels were evaluated. Moreover, antioxidant activity was tested using superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, catalase, glutathione peroxidase levels. The phytosterol content of the oil was determined by HPLC. The plasma high density lipoprotein-cholesterol level was found to be significantly high and leptin and glucose concentrations were found to be significantly low in the treatment group. According to the phytochemical analysis, the main components of the oil were detected as α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, squalene, β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. Corylus avellana oil was found to be effective in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome via regulating gonadotropins, steroids and serum lipid parameters and possesses antioxidant activity.

Polymorphism of ABCG5/ABCG8 gene (rs4299376) and lipid levels in Han Chinese with coronary heart disease / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To explore the association between variant rs4299376 of ABCG5/ABCG8 gene with the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in Han Chinese and the association of related lipid levels with CHD. Methods: We collected blood samples from 290 CHD cases, 198 non-CHD controls and 331 healthy controls. The genomic DNA was acquired by the nucleic acid extraction automatic analyzer and the rs4299376 genotypes were analyzed by the Mass-ARRAY İPLEXR platform. Results: There were no significant differences in distribution of variant rs4299376 of ABCG5/ABCG8 gene among Han Chinese with CHD, non-CHD controls and healthy controls. There was no association between lipid levels and CHD in either total or male groups. While in female group, the triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) were higher in CHD patients than in non-CHD controls (TG: 2. 23 ± 1. 05vs 1. 84 ± 1. 03, P = 0. 01; TC: 4. 7 9 ± 1. 17 vs 4. 36 ±1. 03, P = 0. 01). It was also found that, for those 60 years old and above, the CHD cases had a significantly lower high density lipoprotein (HDL) levll compared with non-CHD group (1. 09±0. 23 vs 1. 16±0. 25, P = 0. 03). Conclusion: There is no noticeable association between ABCG5/ ABCG8 rs4299376 polymorphism and the risk of CHD in Han Chinese. Female CHD patients have higher levels of TG and TC and when over 60 year old, CHD patients have a lower HDL level than non-CHD controls.

Total phytosterol content in drug materials and extracts from roots of Acanthospermum hispidum by UV-VIS spectrophotometry

Acanthospermum hispidum DC., Asteraceae, is widely used in folk medicine in Brazil to treat respiratory diseases; this biological property has been attributed to its phytosterol content. This study evaluated the spectrophotometric assay method to quantify the total phytosterol content in raw materials and extracts from roots of A. hispidum. The procedure was based on the quantification at 625 nm after the Liebermann-Burchard reaction. The method was evaluated for linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, accuracy and robustness. The date indicated that the procedure is a valid analytical tool for materials and herbal derivatives from A. hispidum. .

Preventive effects of phytosterol on lipid metabolic disturbance of rats / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective To investigate the preventive effects of phytosterol on lipid metabolic disturbance of rats fed with high-fat diet. Methods Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (fed with basic diet), high-fat model group (fed with high-fat diet), low phytosterol group( fed with high-fat diet and 100 mg/kg phytosterol) and high phytosterol group( fed with high-fat diet and 200 mg/kg phytosterol). Body weight, serum lipid, liver fat and body fat were measured at the end of experiment (6 weeks later). Results At the end of experiment, the body weight, contents of liver fat and body fat and serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels were significantly higher in high-fat model group, low phytosterol group and high phytosterol group than those in control group (P <0.05), while serum HDL-C levels in these three groups were significantly lower than that in control group (P < 0.05). Compared with high-fat model group, the body weight gain and content of body fat of high phytosterol group were significantly lower (P <0.05). The contents of liver fat and serum TC, TG and LDL-C levels in low phytosterol group and high phytosterol group were significantly lower than those of high-fat model group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Phytosterol could prevent lipid metabolic disturbance of rats fed with high-fat diet. High dose phytosterol has the potential to reduce the body weight gain and contents of body fat of rats fed with high-fat diet.

Studies to Confirm the Safety and Serum Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol Level-Lowering Effect of a Low-Calorie Mayonnaise Supplemented with Phytosterol Esters / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

To confirm the safety and efficacy of a low-calorie mayonnaise supplemented with phytosterol esters (PEM) at a daily consumption dose of 884 mg given for 12 weeks with the goal of lowering serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, we conducted a double-blind comparative study in healthy adults with marginally high serum levels of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol using a mayonnaise without phytosterol esters supplementation (CM) as the control food. Serum LDL cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the PEM group as compared with the CM group during the 12-week intervention period (136.3 ± 16.4 vs. 145.0 ± 19.3 mg/dL at Week 8 (<i>P</i> < 0.05) and 135.0 ± 17.4 mg/dL vs. 144.9 ± 17.5 mg/dL at Week 12; <i>P</i> < 0.05). No observable adverse effects were observed due to the ingestion of PEM in this study. The safety of PEM was again confirmed by an additional clinical study in which healthy adult subjects ingested a 3-fold greater amount of PEM (2,652 mg of phytosterol esters as a daily dose) for 4 weeks. Thus, we concluded that PEM is effective in lowing serum levels of LDL cholesterol and is safe and well tolerated without any clinical problems.<br>

The effect of indigestible dextrin and phytosterol on serum LDL-cholesterol level on hypercholesterolemic subjects.

Aim To investigate the effects of indigestible dextrin 2x2.3g/day and phytosterol 2x0.6g/day provided for 6 weeks in lowering serum LDL-cholesterol levels amongs hypercholesterolemic subjects. Methods A randomized clinical trial, two pararel groups, double blinded and randomly assigned to each different group was done in 16 subjects per-group. Results Before the, intervention the level of LDL cholesterol of both ID and FS group were 158.81 ± 17.74 mg/dL and 176.18 ± 25.31 mg/dL, respectively. After the intervention there was a significant reduction in LDL cholesterol level in both groups, i.e. among the ID group by 20.93 ± 12.65 mg/dL (13.24%) with p value of <0.001, while the reduction of LDL cholesterol level among the PS group was 21.87 ± 28.76 mg/dL (11.21%) with p value of 0.008. However, the reduction of cholesterol level between the two groups did not show any significant difference. Conclusion Consuming indigestible dextrin 2x2.3g/day and 2x0.6g/day phytosterol (PS) for 6 weeks will have the same ability to decrease the serum cholesterol level in hypercholesterolemic subjects.

The effects of phytosterol in low fat milk on serum lipid levels among mild-moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects.

One of the most important risk factors for CHD is dyslipidemia, among others hypercholesterolemia or high LDL-cholesterol. Plant-sterols or phytosterols (PS) are among dietary factors known to lower blood cholesterol as part of therapeutic life-style changes diet. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of PS properly solubilized in a-partly vegetable oil-filled low fat milk, on serum lipid levels in mild-moderate hypercholesterolemic subjects. Randomized, two-arm parallel control group trial was conducted at Department of Nutrition-University of Indonesia in Jakarta from June to November 2006. Each subject was randomly assigned to receive dietary life-style changes counseling plus 1.2 g phytosterol/day in low-fat milk (PS-group) or control group receiving the counseling alone for six weeks period. There were no significant changes of serum total and LDL-cholesterol of control group after a six week of dietary counseling (respectively 218.3 ± 18.6 mg/dL to 219.6 ± 24.3 mg/dL and 164.7±21.8 mg/dL to 160.0±26.4 mg/dL). There were a significant decreases of serum total and LDL-cholesterol (respectively p=0.01 and p=0.004) among subjects receiving PS after a six weeks observation period (respectively 233.5±24.6 mg/dL to 211.2±30.3 mg/dL and 176.9±24.7 mg/dL to 154.5±24.3 mg/dL). There was a significant difference in the LDL-lowering effects (p=0.024) among the PS-group after a six weeks (22.4±27.9 mg/dL) as compared to the control group (4.7±17.2 mg/dL). No significant changes were found on serum HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels in both groups. Although there was no significant difference found in daily nutrients intake between the-2 groups, however, significant reductions in body weight, body mass index and waist circumference were found only in the PS group (p=0.000; 0.000; 0.003, respectively). It is concluded that the lowering of total and LDL-cholesterol in those receiving life-style changes counseling plus 1.2 g PS daily for six weeks was significantly higher as compared to those of receiving counseling alone.

Preliminary Study of Bio-transformation of Phytosterol by HPLC-MS / 微生物学通报

The method for analysis and determination the cleavage of soybean sterol, in which the soybean sterol was degraded and the products androst-1,4-diene-,17-dione (ADD) and androst-4-ene-3,17-dion (AD) were developed by Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry. The HPLC conditions adopted were: a All- tima ODS-2 column (250 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m), a mobile phase consisted of menthanol-water (70:30), a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, a room column temperature. and the detective wavelength was 244 nm.The ZMD Micromass electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometer was employed. In such conditions the corre- sponding HPLC chromatogram and MS spectrum were obtained. The method has a linear ranger of 0.01 mg/mL ~ 0.09 mg/mL, R2 =0.9999, the recoveries of ADD and AD were 102.6% and 105.90%, the RSD of ADD and AD were 3.02%, 3.5% and 3.08%, 3.24%. This method showed high sensitivity, accuracyand easy to perform. It is suitable to analysis the process cleavage of soybean sterol as well as quality control of product.

Examination of Several FOSHU Used in Hypercholesterolemia / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Among “food for specified health use” (FOSHU), approximately 100 are indicated in the treatment of life-style related diseases related to hypercholesterolemia; in the present review we describe the safety and effectiveness of several of these foods.<br>

Advances in Microbial Transformation of Phytosterol into Steroid Medicine Intermediates / 微生物学通报

Microbial selective side-chain degradation of phytosterol,which can obtain the steroid medicine intermediate compounds-androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (4-AD) and androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (ADD),has an important meaning to pharmacy. There is no systematic literature concerned in existence. Its mechnism,approaches,influencing factors and so on over these years were fully reviewed in the paper. The trend of development in the area is expanded.

THE PHYTOSTEROLS CONTENT IN PLANT MATERIALS COMMONLY USED IN FUNCTIONAL FOOD IN CHINA / 营养学报

Objective To analyze the phytosterol content in plant materials commonly used in functional food in China.Method Thirty kinds of food commonly used as medicines and forty kinds of Chinese herbs were chosen as samples.The contents of phytosterols(?-sitosterol,campesterol,stigmasterol,?-sitostanol) were analyzed by GC methods established by our laboratory.Results The frequency of various plant materials used in functional food was different,e-g.hawthorn about 408 times and huangqi 342 times.Phytosterols were contained in all samples analyzed,but were different in contents,some less than 10mg/100g while some more than 380mg/100g.In most samples,?-sitosterol is the largest portion of total phytosterol.Conclusion The phytosterols are important functional ingredients in plant materials frequently used in Chinese traditional medicine.The data of phytosterol contents in plant materials are valuable for utilization and further study in functional food.