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Arsha's is one among the Astamahagada, and a commonest ano-rectal disease with a wide range of symptoms. It affects all economic groups of the population. In Ayurveda, Arsha's is a growth of Mamsa with obstructs the anal opening. Anatomically anal canal is 51/2 Angula's length. A faulty lifestyle and dietary habits along with occupational and physical stress triggers the pathology of Arsha's. Doshic involvement includes Rakta along with Mamsa dhatu at Rakthavaha Dahmanis of Guda, which forms as Mamsa Ankura. Acharya Susrutha mentioned 4 curative measures for the treatment, they are Bhesaja, Kshara karma, Agni karma, Shastra karma. Hemorrhoids are dilated rectal veins. Thrombosed piles occur where there is high venous pressure, which is associated with severe pain, which hampers their daily routine, thereby they avoid defecation which leads to hardening of stool, constipation and rectal bleeding. The treatment includes the surgical excision of the thrombosed pile mass. A case study of thrombosed pile treated with Jaloukavacharana (leech therapy) has been recorded which has reduced the mass, pain, bleeding per rectum
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Background:As there is controversy and disagreement with respect to treatment of Haemorrhoids adopted by conventional method due to inefficacy, relapse and complications are seen. It is most prevalent ailments and impacts the quality of life significantly. Haemorrhoids are enlarged, swollen veins around the anus externally or in lower rectum1. This study aim to access Role of Sulphur in Cases of Haemorrhoids as a constitutional2,3, medicine follow well2,3, anti miasmatic5,6. The Study showed near about 100% of cases responded to Sulphur4,5, thus proving effective role of Sulphur in Haemorrhoids. The study aim role of Sulphur in Haemorrhoids.Aminimum of 1 year and 15 to 70 yrs of age and six matched controls were included in the study. As there is controversy and disagreement with respect to treatment of Hamorrhoids adopted by conventional method due to inefficacy relapse and complications are seen. It is most prevalent ailments and impacts the quality of life significantly. Haemorrhoids are enlarged, swollen veins around the anus externally or in lower rectum1. Material And Methods:Here patients were subjected on clinical presentation and examination using standard scales measuring severity andanoscopy. The entire process was done using standard case research record with a follow up of minimum 3 months period. Result:Out of 30 patients screened, it was observed that 66.6% of affected patient were in age group of 25-40, 16.7% in 41-54. Males prevalency was present and in that 26.6% were service class, driver 13.3% and mechanics 13.3%. Showing occupation played a significant role. The study should 100% of cases responded to sulphur as a constitutional medicine in 23.3% cases, as a follows well cases in 60%. Conclusion:Hence we conclude that along with Homoeopthic medication used asconstitutional, follow well, Dietary corrections, correction of sedentary habits by exercise etc. Which are the predisposing factorsis alsomandatory.
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Background: Sri Lankan Ayurveda physicians mostly recommend Rathkaralheba (Cyathula prostrata) decoction as a treatment for Sraviarshas (bleeding piles) while some patients use Gaskaralheba (Achyranthes aspera) as it is available everywhere. This study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of two Ayurvedic regimens including Rathkaralheba and Gaskaralheba. Methods: 100 patients with bleeding piles randomly allocated into two groups. Patients of Group A and B were given treatment regimen A and B respectively. Treatment regimen A contained Gaskaralheba decoction, Thriphala tablets and sitz bath. Treatment regimen B included Rathkaralheba decoction, Thriphala tablets and sitz bath. Duration of the treatment was two weeks. Eight clinical parameters relating to bleeding piles were monitored. Results: Data collected from 92 cases (46 cases in each group) were analyzed. The study results showed that statistically highly significant reduction (p<.001) of bleeding, pain and constipation in both groups. Size of the mass has significantly reduced (p<.05) in both groups. In group A, itching was reduced significantly (p<.05) and reduction of prolapse was not significant. In group B, prolapse was reduced significantly (p<.05) but itching was not reduced significantly. Conclusion: Both treatment regimens A and B were found to be equally effective in the treatment of Sraviarshas specially reducing the symptoms of bleeding, pain and constipation
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Resumen La antropología visual, como metodología de investigación, es válida en las ciencias sociales. Se destaca así, en este método, el proceso participativo y colaborativo devenido de la experiencia de trabajo etnográfico colectivo y audiovisual. Se desarrolla esta propuesta metodológica en el estudio de un caso concreto: los "pileros" afrodescendientes; obreros que trabajan en la construcción de pilas de cimentación, un oficio racia lizado, realizado por afrodescendientes de la ciudad de Medellín.
Abstract Visual anthropology, as a research methodology, is valid in the social sciences. In this method, which became the experience of the collective and audiovisual ethnographic work, the participatory and collaborative process is highlighted. This methodological proposal is developed in a concrete case study: the Afro-descendant "pileros;" who are workers who work in the construction of caissons. It is a racialized trade, carried out by people of African descent in the city of Medellín.
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ABSTRACT Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) interact symbiotically with most plant species, facilitating revegetation of areas under rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inoculum potential, density, and diversity of AMF spores in five environments, as well as the relation of species with soil properties. Soil samples were collected in five environments in a mining area and its surroundings in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais (Brazil): tailings piles in rehabilitation with grass, canga, Cerrado, native forest, and eucalyptus plantation; these samples were subjected to chemical and physical analyses. Spores were directly extracted from field samples and from trap cultures (TCs) established in two locations in the Southeast and South regions of Brazil for taxonomic identification of the species. Species richness, the Shannon diversity index (H'), and equitability were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to identify soil properties that most influenced AMF occurrence. Spore density showed no significant difference among the environments. A total of 59 AMF species were found. This is the first report of the occurrence of Acaulospora nivalis and Acaulospora alpina in Brazil. Higher H' and species richness in the field were found in tailings piles and lower in canga. Canga showed higher inoculum potential. The development of TCs in two locations allowed a wider diversity of AMF species to be captured. Environments of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero are hotspots of AMF diversity, and the soil pH and exchangeable S and P contents are the properties that best explain the distribution of AMF species.
RESUMO Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (AMF) interagem simbioticamente com a maioria das espécies de plantas, facilitando a revegetação de áreas sob reabilitação. O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o potencial de inóculo, densidade e diversidade de esporos de AMF em cinco ambientes, e a relação das espécies com atributos do solo. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em cinco ambientes em área de mineração e seu entorno no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais (Brasil): pilha de rejeitos em reabilitação com capim, canga, Cerrado, mata nativa e plantação de eucalipto, e submetidas a análises química e física. A extração de esporos direto de amostras de campo e de culturas armadilha (TCs), estabelecidas em dois locais nas regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil, foi feita para identificação taxonômica das espécies. Foram determinados riqueza de espécies, índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') e equitabilidade. Análise de componentes principais (PCA) foi utilizada para identificar atributos do solo que mais influenciaram a ocorrência de AMF. A densidade de esporos não diferiu significativamente entre os ambientes. Um total de 59 espécies de AMF foram encontradas, destacando-se o primeiro relato de ocorrência de Acaulospora nivalis e Acaulospora alpina no Brasil. Maiores H' e riqueza de espécies no campo foram encontradas em pilhas de rejeitos e menores em canga, embora canga tenha apresentado maior potencial de inóculo. A condução de TCs em dois locais proporcionou captura de maior diversidade de espécies de AMF. Ambientes do Quadrilátero Ferrífero são hotspots de diversidade de AMF e o pH do solo e teores trocáveis de S e P são os atributos que melhor explicam a distribuição das espécies de AMF.
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ResumenLa dispersión de semillas es un proceso clave en el restablecimiento de la vegetación en áreas rehabilitadas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la contribución de las hormigas Ectatomma ruidum y Pheidole fallax en la dispersión y germinación de semillas en áreas rehabilitadas en la mina de carbón del Cerrejón, Colombia. En cada área se instalaron cuatro parcelas de 6 x 40 m, donde se contó el número de nidos por especie y se midió la distancia entre los nidos más próximo de cada especie. De los nidos contabilizados cinco nidos fueron seleccionados para la extracción de semillas, por cada nido extraído se tomó un control. Un total de 295 nidos fueron contabilizados, 59 para la época seca y 236 para la época de lluvia, 84 pertenecían a P. fallax y 211 a E. ruidum. Un total de 21 304 semillas fueron encontradas en los nidos y suelos control, 19 349 fueron obtenidas de los nidos y basureros de P. fallax y 318 en nidos de E. ruidum, en el suelo control se hallaron 597 semillas. El número de semillas extraídas en los nidos fue significativamente mayor a la de los controles. El número de semillas removidas por P. fallax presentó diferencias significativas respecto a las removidas por E. ruidum. El porcentaje de germinación en los nidos fue mayor que en los controles, en el caso de P. fallax, el porcentaje de germinación fue bajo en los controles y alto tanto en los basureros como los nidos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que E. ruidum y P. fallax podrían contribuir a la dispersión de las semillas y al restablecimiento de la vegetación en las áreas donde se encuentran, lo cual es un aporte significativo para la rehabilitación de las áreas degradas por la minería.
AbstractSeed dispersal is a key process in the re-establishment of vegetation on reclaimed lands. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of the ant species Ectatomma ruidum and Pheidole fallax to seed dispersal and germination on reclaimed lands in the Cerrejón coal mine, Colombia. Four 6 x 40 m plots were installed in each area, in which the number of nests by species was counted and distances between closest nests of each species were measured. Five of the nests counted were chosen for seed extraction, and a nearby control sample was taken from each nest. In total, 295 nests were counted: 59 nests during the dry season and 236 nests during the rainy season, of which 84 belonged to P. fallax and 211 belonged to E. ruidum. A total of 21 304 seeds were found in nests and control samples, of which 19 349 were obtained from P. fallax nest refuse, and 318 were obtained from E. ruidum nests; 597 seeds were found in control samples. The number of seeds extracted from nests was significantly higher than the number of seeds removed from control samples. There was a significant difference between the number of seeds removed by P. fallax and the number of seeds removed by E. ruidum. The seed germination percentage from nests was higher than the percentage from seeds in control samples. In the case of P. fallax, the germination percentage was lower in control samples and higher in nests and refuse. The results suggest that the ant species E. ruidum and P. fallax may contribute to seed dispersal and re-establishment of vegetation in areas where they were found. These ants may thus significantly contribute to restoration processes in areas degraded by mining.
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Objective This experiment will use from yu liquid Elimination hemorrhoids decoction in the treatment of inflammatory external piles,and to evaluate the clinical curative effect analysis.MethodsThe experiment selected the June 2016-December 2016 in our hospital 120 cases of patients with inflammatory external piles as the research object,were randomly divided into control group and observation group,60 cases in each group.Among them,the control group were treated by hemorrhoid better treatment.observation group to adopt the yu fumigation sitz bath liquid Elimination hemorrhoids soup treatment.Recorded before and after treatment in patients with symptoms of 3 days, 7 days, 14 days, including bleeding, anal discomfort, lower rectal mucosa, emergence, defecate unwell, etc., and score four grade three points method.Then compared two groups of patients was improved and the recurrence rate,further to explore the treatment effectiveness.ResultsTwo groups after treatment in patients with the disease were eased,and the observation group has better effect to improve patients,in particular,involves the bleeding,anal discomfort,lower rectal mucosa,hernia,defecate unwell wait for a problem,and group therapy 3 days, 7 days, 14 days total score, respectively (10.2±4.0), (8.6±3.5), (5.3±3.1) and control group corresponding to(11.3±4.2), (9.9±3.5), (6.4±3.2) and significant difference comparing the two groups, with statistical significance(P<0.05).But in comprehensive treatment efficiency,small difference between the two groups,no statistically significant.ConclusionUsing the quasi yu liquid elimination hemorrhoids decoction in the treatment of inflammatory external piles have good improvement effect, eliminate edema, quick effect, medical expenses low salient features, and avoid the operation of psychological pressure and economic pressure, is worthy of popularization and application in the process of clinical treatment.
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Background: Haemorrhoids is a common disease affecting people of all ages and both sexes. Though there is no confusion on the treatment of 3rd and 4th degree haemorrhoids, there is still confusion regarding the ideal treatment for 1st and 2nd degree haemorrhoids. Aims & Objective: To compare the safety, efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of Rubber Band Ligation and Micronized Flavonoids in the treatment of internal haemorrhoids. Material and Methods: Two hundred patients of haemorrhoids were treated, One hundred cases with Rubber Band Ligation and rest hundred with Daflon 500 mg. The outcome measured in term of relief from bleeding and duration of treatment. Results: 82% of patients on Daflon and 60% of patients undergoing Rubber Band Ligation were completely cured (P<0.01) on the 7th day but on follow up there is no statistical significance. Conclusion: Daflon gives rapid relief from symptoms of haemorrhoids as compared to Rubber Band Ligation but the long duration and higher cost of treatment patient acceptability and compliance is less.
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A 66-year-old male patient came to the anorectal clinic, Outpatient department, AVT Institute for Advanced Research, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, with complaints of prolapsing pile mass during defecation and bleeding while passing stool. The case was diagnosed as “Raktarsha” - 11 & 7 ‘o’ clock position II degree internal hemorrhoids, deeply situated, projecting one and caused by pitta and rakta; with bleeding tendency. Kshara karma (application of caustic alkaline paste) intervention was done in this case to internal hemorrhoids under local anesthesia. The pile mass and per rectal bleeding resolved in 8 days and the patient was relieved from all symptoms within 21 days. No complications were reported after the procedure. The patient was followed up regularly from 2004 onward till date and proctoscopic examination did not reveal any evidence of recurrence of the hemorrhoids.