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1.
Braz. j. biol ; 81(3): 657-664, July-Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1153381

ABSTRACT

Abstract Vegetation cover may show diversity and composition patterns of the soil invertebrate community, as a function of litter quantity and quality in a specific habitat. The objective of this work was to characterize the distribution of edaphic fauna in different monocultures. The study was carried out at Chapada Grande farm in Regeneração, PI. Four monoculture areas were chosen: no-tillage soybean, eucalyptus, pasture, and a preserved native cerrado forest. Soil fauna was collected in a dry and wet period by pitfall traps containing 4% formaldehyde. The edaphic fauna was evaluated by the number of individuals per trap per day, average richness and richness, Shannon diversity index and Pielou uniformity index. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The highest number of individuals per day trap and of average richness were registered in the pasture, eucalyptus and forest areas in both periods, while soybean showed lower values with predominance of Coleoptera and Formicidae groups. The pasture and forest areas showed of higher Shannon index values in the two evaluated seasons, probably due to higher contributions organic residues in the soil that favors the shelter, feeding and reproduction conditions. Regarding the Pielou index, the soybean system showed higher values in this variable. The Aranae, Coleoptera, Formicidae and Diptera groups predominated in the humid period, while Coleoptera and Formicidae predominated in the dry period. Systems that generate greater accumulation of residues harbor a greater diversity of invertebrates of the edaphic fauna. Seasonality had an effect on all variables analyzed and the wet period showed more expressive values.


Resumo A cobertura vegetal pode mostrar padrões de diversidade e composição da comunidade de invertebrados do solo, em função da quantidade e qualidade da serapilheira em determinado habitat específico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a distribuição da fauna edáfica em diferentes monocultivos. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda Chapada Grande no município de Regeneração, PI. Foram escolhidas quatro áreas de monocultivos: soja em sistema de plantio direto, eucalipto, pastagem, além de uma mata nativa de cerrado preservada. Foram realizadas coletas da fauna do solo, em período seco e úmido, por meio de armadilhas do tipo pitfall contendo 4% de formol. A fauna edáfica foi avaliada pelo número de indivíduos por armadilha por dia, riqueza e riqueza média, índice de diversidade de Shannon e índice de uniformidade de Pielou. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e à análise multivariada de Componentes Principais (ACP). O maior número de indivíduos por armadilha dia e de riqueza média foram registrados nas áreas pastagem, eucalipto e mata nos dois períodos, enquanto que a soja mostrou valores inferiores com predomínio dos grupos Coleoptera e Formicidae. As áreas de pastagem e mata mostraram maiores valores de índice de Shannon nas duas épocas avaliadas provavelmente em função de maiores aportes de resíduos orgânicos no solo que favorece as condições de abrigo, alimentação e reprodução. Em relação ao índice de Pielou o sistema com soja mostrou maiores valores nessa variável. Os grupos Araneae, Coleoptera, Formicidae e Diptera predominaram no período úmido, enquanto Coleoptera e Formicidae se destacaram no período seco. Sistemas que geram maior acúmulo de resíduos abrigam uma maior diversidade de invertebrados da fauna edáfica. A sazonalidade apresentou efeito sobre todas as variáveis analisadas sendo que o período úmido mostrou valores mais expressivos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Grassland , Biodiversity , Soil , Forests , Ecosystem
2.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 20(1): e20190782, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055258

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Several studies have characterized and delimited subterranean ant assemblages. Soil extraction, one of the methods employed to access this fauna, employs the removal of monoliths. One of the most widely used methods for the extraction of soil sampling is called TSBF (developed by the Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme). This method provides relevant data about the species associated with the soil. In the present study we characterized assemblages of subterranean ants using the TSBF method in different subtropical areas of the Neotropics. We considered two sampling designs in different localities. The first design resulted in 315 TSBF samples obtained from layers at distinct depths. The second design resulted in 270 TSBF samples and 270 epigaeic pitfall trap samples. This material was used to delimit the species that occur exclusively in the subterranean stratum (TSBF) and that are not found on the soil surface. A total of 281 species were recorded. Of these, 57 can be considered subterranean, based on their occurrence in subterranean strata. We also verified that the highest occurrence of ants was in the first 10 cm of soil depth. Due to the importance of using methods that efficiently extract the subterranean ant fauna in studies, we suggest the TSBF method should be used to sample ants or to associate this method with epigaeic pitfall traps to delimit strictly subterranean assemblages in specific community stratification studies.


Resumo: Vários estudos têm caracterizado e delimitado assembleias de formigas subterrâneas. A extração de solo, um dos métodos utilizados para amostragem dessa fala, implica na remoção de monólitos. Um dos métodos mais utilizados na extração de monólitos é chamado TSBF (desenvolvido pelo Programa Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility). Esse método fornece dados extremamente relevantes sobre as espécies associadas ao solo. No presente estudo, nós caracterizamos as assembleias de formigas subterrâneas usando o método TSBF em diferentes áreas subtropicais do Neotrópico. Utilizamos dois delineamentos amostrais distintos. O primeiro delineamento resultou em 315 amostras de TSBF obtidas a partir da estratificação do solo. O segundo resultou em 270 amostras de TSBF mais 270 provenientes de armadilhas pitfall epigeicas. Esse material foi utilizado para delimitar espécies que ocorrem exclusivamente no estrato subterrâneo (TSBF) e não são encontradas na superfície do solo. Registramos um total de 281 espécies. Destas, 57 podem ser consideradas subterrâneas (baseado na ocorrência no respectivo estrato). Também verificamos que a maior ocorrência de formigas se deu nos primeiros 10 cm de profundidade. Devido à importância do uso de métodos que coletem eficientemente formigas subterrâneas, sugerimos o uso do método TSBF em estudos de estratificação de comunidades ou sua associação a armadilhas do tipo pitfall epigeica para delimitar assembleias estritamente subterrâneas.

3.
Rev. biol. trop ; 67(6)dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1507596

ABSTRACT

La diversidad de macro-invertebrados está relacionada con el estado de conservación del suelo, no obstante, la remoción de la cubierta vegetal natural para el establecimiento de sistemas ganaderos extensivos afecta su integridad. Una estrategia para la conservación de estos organismos es la implementación de sistemas silvopastoriles; no obstante, en el sureste de México la información aún es limitada. El propósito del presente estudio fue evaluar y comparar la riqueza y la abundancia de macro-invertebrados en cuatro agro-ecosistemas contrastantes: dos sistemas silvopastoriles conformados por Leucaena leucocephala y pastos asociados (i.e. Panicum máximum cv mombaza y Cynodon plectostachyus), un pastizal convencional de Brachiaria brizantha con árboles dispersos en baja densidad y una selva mediana subperennifolia. En cada sistema se delimitó una superficie de una hectárea y se estableció un transecto de 50 m de longitud en los que se colocaron cinco trampas de caída tipo pit-fall cada 10 m. El muestreo se realizó en febrero y mayo 2018 y en cada mes se realizaron cinco recolectas con intervalos de cinco días. Se recolectaron un total de 1 737 organismos pertenecientes a 10 órdenes de la clase Insecta y uno a la clase Gastropoda. Los sistemas con mayor abundancia de macro-invertebrados fueron el sistema de selva media subperennifolia (923 individuos) y el sistema silvopastoril de L. leucocephala con C. plectostachyus (354 individuos). Los órdenes más abundantes fueron: Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Araneae y Orthoptera. La mayor diversidad de macro-invertebrados se presentó en los sistemas silvopastoriles de L. leucocephala con P. maximum (H'=1.58) y L. leucocephala con C. plectostachyus (H´=1.44). Los resultados encontrados muestran que los sistemas pecuarios manejados con componentes leñosos (árboles/arbustos) albergan una riqueza y abundancia importante de órdenes de macro-invertebrados en comparación con sistemas como selva mediana subperennifolia. Esta diversidad de macro-invertebrates podría contribuir a la integridad y funcionalidad de los agro-ecosistemas.


The diversity of macro-invertebrates is related to the state of disturbance of the soil, caused mainly by the land-use change for agricultural activities. A strategy for the conservation of these organisms is the implementation of diversified production systems such as silvopastoral systems. However, in the Southeast of Mexico, information is still limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the richness, abundance and composition of macro-invertebrates in four contrasting agro-ecosystems: two silvopastoral systems made of Leucaena leucocephala and associated pastures (i.e. Panicum maximum cv mombaza and Cynodon plectostachyus), a pasture of Brachiaria brizantha with scattered trees in low density and, a medium-statured tropical dry forest. In each system, an area of one hectare was delimited and a transect of 50 m in length was established in which five pit-fall traps were placed every 10 m. The sampling was carried out in February and May of 2018 and in each month five collections were made with five-day intervals. A total of 1 737 organisms belonging to 10 orders of the class Insecta and one of the class Gastropoda were collected. The medium-statured tropical dry forest (923 individuals) and the silvopastoral systems of L. leucocephala with C. Plectostachyus (354 individuals) show the highest abundance of macro-invertebrates. The most abundant genera were: Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Aracninae and Orthoptera. The higher macro-invertebrate diversity was found in the silvopastoral systems of L. leucocephala with P. maximum (H '= 1.58) and L. leucocephala with C. plectostachyus (H' = 1.44). The results show that livestock systems managed with woody components (trees or shrubs) are home of an important abundance and richness of macro-invertebrates, compared to tropical forests. This diversity of macro-invertebrates may contribute to the integrity and functionality of the agro-ecosystems.

4.
Rev. biol. trop ; 66(1): 204-217, Jan.-Mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-897665

ABSTRACT

Resumen El incremento de la degradación de los hábitats naturales ha fortalecido la necesidad de conocer y evaluar los patrones de biodiversidad; siendo los inventarios biológicos y la suficiencia taxonómica herramientas que permiten describir y monitorear la diversidad en cortos períodos de tiempo. El estudio de la araneofauna en el norte Argentino es escaso en particular en ecorregiones donde se considera prioritario conservar sus ambientes. Las arañas son utilizadas como taxón indicador para comparar patrones de biodiversidad, donde el estudio de las familias y de los gremios puede potencialmente servir como sustitutos ecológicos de las especies dando indicación del uso del hábitat y de las estrategias de forrajeo. En este estudio, analizamos la diversidad alfa y beta de las comunidades de arañas epigeas en diferentes ecorregiones de la provincia de Salta (Chaco Serrano, Monte de Sierras y Bolsones, y Puna) utilizando trampas de caída y muestreos en las cuatro estaciones del año; y testeamos si el nivel taxonómico familia, en el caso de las arañas, puede actuar como potencial sustituto del nivel especie en las evaluaciones rápidas de biodiversidad. Para ello, en cada ecorregión seleccionamos tres sitios ampliamente separados que fueron muestreados durante el otoño, invierno, primavera y verano del 2005-2007. En cada sitio se colocaron 10 trampas de caída separadas por 10 m a lo largo de una transecta lineal y con una actividad de 7 días por estación. Se recolectaron 886 arañas de 100 especies/morfoespecies correspondientes a 19 familias. La ecorregión Chaco (S = 56, N = 495) reportó la mayor riqueza de especies y abundancia comparada con el Monte (S = 44, N = 262) y la Puna (S = 23, N = 129). La completitud del inventario obtenido para cada ecorregión fue completa, superando el 70 %. La diversidad alfa y beta evidenciaron que las comunidades ecorregionales de arañas fueron diferentes. Las estaciones más frías (otoño e invierno) demostraron ser claves a la hora de evaluar la diversidad de arañas en las ecorregiones, aportando a la diversidad regional conjuntamente con la diversidad de las estaciones cálidas (primavera y verano). Además, el nivel taxonómico de familia evidenció reflejar, de igual manera que el nivel especie, los cambios en la diversidad alfa y beta. El uso de trampas de caída en todas las estaciones del año y el reconocimiento de las familias de arañas para la fauna epigea son de gran utilidad para realizar futuras evaluaciones rápidas de biodiversidad en el área en estudio; permitiendo así incorporar este grupo taxonómico en los estudios de monitoreo de biodiversidad que se lleven a cabo en estas ecorregiones.


Abstract The increased degradation of natural habitats has strengthened the need to know and assess biodiversity patterns. Particularly, the study of the spider fauna in the North of Argentina is scarce in ecoregions with priority interests of conservation. Generally, spiders are used as indicators to compare biodiversity patterns, and here we tested whether the spider family-level can act as a substitute of the species-level in biodiversity rapid assessments. For this, we analyzed the alpha and beta diversity of the epigeal spider communities in three separate sites of three ecoregions of Salta province (Chaco Serrano, Monte de Sierras and Bolsones, and Puna), during the fall, winter, spring and summer of 2005-2007. In each site, 10 pitfall traps, located along a linear transect and 10 meters apart, were placed for seven days per season of continuous activity. A total of 886 spiders were collected from 100 species/morphospecies of 19 families. The completeness of the inventory obtained for each ecoregion surpassed 70 %. The Chaco ecoregion (S = 56, N = 495) reported the highest species richness and abundance compared to Monte (S = 44, N = 262) and Puna (S = 23, N = 129). Alpha and beta diversity showed that ecoregional spider communities were different, sharing few species (0.7 %). The Chaco reported a high dissimilarity of its assemblage with respect to the other ecoregions. The colder seasons (autumn and winter) are important in assessing the diversity of spiders, contributing to regional diversity in conjunction with the diversity of warm seasons (spring and summer). Four guilds were reported (ground hunters, specialists, other hunters and ambush hunters), but the latter was absent in Monte, and the specialists dominated Chaco. Zodariidae was dominant in Chaco Serrano, where Leprolochus birabeni is an indicator of native environments. On the other hand, Lycosidae, Philodromidae, Anyphaenidae and Oonopidae were important for Monte and Puna. Year-round pitfall traps and identification of epigeal spider families are useful for biodiversity rapid assessments in this area. Like the species-level, the taxonomic family-level evidenced changes in alpha and beta diversity. This allows the inclusion of this taxonomic group for future biodiversity monitoring. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(1): 204-217. Epub 2018 March 01.

5.
Rev. peru. biol. (Impr.) ; 24(4): 413-416, dic. 2017. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1094292

ABSTRACT

Neusticomys peruviensis (Musser & Gardner 1974) is a semi aquatic rodent which belongs to the Ichthyomyini Tribe. It is an endemic species of Peru, previously known for three specimens: type specimen from Balta, another specimen from Rio Shesha, both from Ucayali department; and the third specimen from Pakitza (Madre de Dios department). We captured an additional specimen in Cusco Department. Its geographic distribution extends 84.15 km south of the previously known distribution range. This suggest that this species would have a broader distribution. More detailed studies are needed to know the ecology and distribution of these rodents.


Neusticomys peruviensis (Musser & Gardner 1974) es una especie de roedor acuático perteneciente a la tribu Icthyomyini, es una especie endémica de Perú. Fue previamente conocida por tres especímenes, el espécimen tipo proviene de Balta, otro espécimen del Rio Shesha, ambos ubicados en el departamento de Ucayali y un tercer espécimen de Pakitza (departamento de Madre de Dios). Nosotros capturamos un espécimen adicional en el departamento de Cusco, con esto se extiende su distribución geográfica a 82.15 km al sur de su rango de distribución. Se necesitan más estudios detallados para conocer la ecología y la distribución de este roedor

6.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 33(6): 1556-1561, nov./dec. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-966515

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the similarity between nine species of green manure regarding the occurrence of epiedaphic macrofauna. The experiment was conducted during the months of August 2014 to July 2015 at the Crop Science sector of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Unit of Aquidauana. Treatmentes evaluated were: Canavalia ensiformes, Dolichos lablab, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Cajanus cajan and two control (fallow area and native vegetation). Experimental design was completely randomized with two replications. Each plot consists of 10 lines with 4.5 m long. Epiedaphic macrofauna inhabiting the interphase between the vegetation cover and the soil surface was collected weekly by the Pitfall model. Individuals collected in all green manure species in the same month were added and subjected to cluster analysis. The months of September and October composed group 2 due to higher averages of epiedaphic macrofauna individuals. The month of July had the highest number of individuals from Isoptera order, composing the group 3. The month of November was in which was collected the greatest number of individuals from Hymenoptera order, which has allocated this month in group 4. The others months of the year formed the group 1, indicating that the region climatic conditions in this period do not affect significantly the distribution of epiedaphic macrofauna individuals.


O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a similaridade entre nove espécies de adubo verde quanto à ocorrência de macrofauna epiedáfica. O experimento foi conduzido durante os meses de agosto de 2014 a julho de 2015 no setor de Fitotecnia da Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade de Aquidauana. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: Canavalia ensiformes, Dolichos lablab, Mucuna pruriens, Mucuna aterrima, Crotalaria spectabilis, Crotalaria juncea, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Cajanus cajan, Cajanus cajan e duas testemunhas (área de pousio e mata nativa). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com duas repetições. Cada parcela foi composta por 10 linhas com 4,5 m de comprimento. A macrofauna epiedáfica, que habita na interfase entre a cobertura vegetal e a superfície do solo foi coletada semanalmente por meio de armadilhas modelo Pitfall (de queda). Os indivíduos coletados em todas as espécies de adubação verde no mesmo mês foram somados e submetidos à análise de agrupamento. Os meses de setembro e outubro compuseram o grupo 2 devido as maiores médias de indivíduos da macrofauna epiedáfica. O mês de julho obteve o maior número de indivíduos da ordem Isoptera, compondo o grupo 3. O mês de novembro foi no qual foi coletado o maior número de indivíduos da ordem Hymenoptera, o que alocou este mês no grupo 4. Os demais meses do ano formaram o grupo 1, o que indica que as condições climáticas da região neste período não afetam significativamente a distribuição dos indivíduos da macrofauna epiedáfica.


Subject(s)
Grassland , Crotalaria , Cajanus , Canavalia , Dolichos , Mucuna , Fertilization
7.
Acta amaz ; 47(2): 123-132, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-885958

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This study was the first to evaluate the efficiency of trapping methods in the study of small mammals in the Carajás National Forest, southeastern Brazilian Amazon. It is an area with a unique vegetation type (metalofilic savannah or Canga). The aims of this study were to compare the efficiency of two trapping methods (i.e. live-traps and pitfalls), the bait types used, and evaluate if trapping success varied seasonally. We used four sampling grids, each with six parallel transects. The trap effort for live-traps and pitfalls was 51,840 trap*nights and 10,800 bucket*nights, respectively. We used three types of bait: a paste of peanut butter and sardines, bacon, and bananas. We placed one type of bait in each trap, alternating between points. We recorded 26 species of small mammals, 11 from the order Didelphimorphia and 15 from the order Rodentia. Pitfalls captured a higher number of species compared with live-traps. The capture rate, the mortality rate and the quantity of juveniles and adults did not differ significantly between methods. Capture rate for pitfalls differed significantly between seasons. The majority of species were captured by a single method. Species were equally attracted to the traps regardless of the type of bait used. Some of our results differed significantly from other studies in Amazonia and such variation should be taken into account when designing survey methods for Amazonian small mammals.


RESUMO Este estudo foi o primeiro a avaliar a eficiência de métodos de captura de pequenos mamíferos não-voadores na Floresta Nacional de Carajás, sudeste da Amazônia brasileira. É uma área que apresenta características fitofisionômicas exclusivas (savana metalófila ou Canga) e sofre pressão da atividade mineradora. Os objetivos desse estudo foram comparar a eficiência de dois métodos de captura e de três tipos de iscas, bem como se a eficiência dos métodos variou sazonalmente. Nós usamos quatro grades de amostragem, cada uma com seis trilhas paralelas. Capturas com armadilhas de gaiola (live-traps) e armadilhas de caída (pitfall traps) foram realizadas durante três estações secas e três úmidas. O esforço total de captura foi de 51.840 armadilhas*noite e 10.800 baldes*noite para live-traps e pitfalls, respectivamente. Três tipos de isca (pasta de amendoim com sardinha, bacon e banana) foram usadas de forma alternada em todas as armadilhas. Nós registramos 26 espécies de pequenos mamíferos, 11 da ordem Didelphimorphia e 15 da ordem Rodentia. Pitfalls capturaram mais espécies que live-traps. As taxas de captura e de mortalidade e a proporção de jovens e adultos não diferiram entre os métodos. O sucesso de captura diferiu sazonalmente apenas para pitfalls. A maioria das espécies foi capturada preferencialmente ou exclusivamente por um dos dois métodos. As espécies foram igualmente atraídas por todos os tipos de iscas. Nossos resultados diferiram de outros obtidos na Amazônia, o que deve ser levado em consideração em desenhos amostrais para pequenos mamíferos na região.


Subject(s)
Amazonian Ecosystem
8.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1467457

ABSTRACT

Abstract Vegetation cover may show diversity and composition patterns of the soil invertebrate community, as a function of litter quantity and quality in a specific habitat. The objective of this work was to characterize the distribution of edaphic fauna in different monocultures. The study was carried out at Chapada Grande farm in Regeneração, PI. Four monoculture areas were chosen: no-tillage soybean, eucalyptus, pasture, and a preserved native cerrado forest. Soil fauna was collected in a dry and wet period by pitfall traps containing 4% formaldehyde. The edaphic fauna was evaluated by the number of individuals per trap per day, average richness and richness, Shannon diversity index and Pielou uniformity index. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The highest number of individuals per day trap and of average richness were registered in the pasture, eucalyptus and forest areas in both periods, while soybean showed lower values with predominance of Coleoptera and Formicidae groups. The pasture and forest areas showed of higher Shannon index values in the two evaluated seasons, probably due to higher contributions organic residues in the soil that favors the shelter, feeding and reproduction conditions. Regarding the Pielou index, the soybean system showed higher values in this variable. The Aranae, Coleoptera, Formicidae and Diptera groups predominated in the humid period, while Coleoptera and Formicidae predominated in the dry period. Systems that generate greater accumulation of residues harbor a greater diversity of invertebrates of the edaphic fauna. Seasonality had an effect on all variables analyzed and the wet period showed more expressive values.


Resumo A cobertura vegetal pode mostrar padrões de diversidade e composição da comunidade de invertebrados do solo, em função da quantidade e qualidade da serapilheira em determinado habitat específico. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a distribuição da fauna edáfica em diferentes monocultivos. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda Chapada Grande no município de Regeneração, PI. Foram escolhidas quatro áreas de monocultivos: soja em sistema de plantio direto, eucalipto, pastagem, além de uma mata nativa de cerrado preservada. Foram realizadas coletas da fauna do solo, em período seco e úmido, por meio de armadilhas do tipo pitfall contendo 4% de formol. A fauna edáfica foi avaliada pelo número de indivíduos por armadilha por dia, riqueza e riqueza média, índice de diversidade de Shannon e índice de uniformidade de Pielou. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e à análise multivariada de Componentes Principais (ACP). O maior número de indivíduos por armadilha dia e de riqueza média foram registrados nas áreas pastagem, eucalipto e mata nos dois períodos, enquanto que a soja mostrou valores inferiores com predomínio dos grupos Coleoptera e Formicidae. As áreas de pastagem e mata mostraram maiores valores de índice de Shannon nas duas épocas avaliadas provavelmente em função de maiores aportes de resíduos orgânicos no solo que favorece as condições de abrigo, alimentação e reprodução. Em relação ao índice de Pielou o sistema com soja mostrou maiores valores nessa variável. Os grupos Araneae, Coleoptera, Formicidae e Diptera predominaram no período úmido, enquanto Coleoptera e Formicidae se destacaram no período seco. Sistemas que geram maior acúmulo de resíduos abrigam uma maior diversidade de invertebrados da fauna edáfica. A sazonalidade apresentou efeito sobre todas as variáveis analisadas sendo que o período úmido mostrou valores mais expressivos.

9.
Acta sci., Biol. sci ; 37(1): 51-57, jan.- mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-848014

ABSTRACT

Insects are important environmental bioindicators, due to the species diversity and wide range of habitats occupied. The present study evaluated the temporal variation in composition and abundance of soil insects in an urban forest fragment in the municipality of Toledo, in the state of Paraná, by analyzing their abundance and seasonality. Monthly samplings were conducted between August 2011 and July 2012 at four sampling sites within the fragment. At each site, three pitfall traps remained exposed for 48 hours. Captured insects were fixed in alcohol, sorted and identified. Throughout the study period, we captured 11,568 insects from 11 orders and 35 families. Coleoptera was the richest order (12 families), followed by Diptera and Hemiptera (5), Hymenoptera and Orthoptera (3). The order Hymenoptera was the most abundant (4,789 individuals), followed by Coleoptera (4,630) and Diptera (1,985). Coleoptera was represented mainly by the families Staphylinidae and Silphidae. Formicidae (Hymenoptera) was the least abundant in colder months. Collembola was positively correlated with soil moisture. In general, the insect fauna in the forest fragment exhibited characteristics of the fauna from impacted habitats, that is, low diversity of families and dominance of generalist groups.


Pela diversidade de espécies e hábitats que ocupam, os insetos são importantes bioindicadores ambientais. Este estudo objetivou avaliar variações temporais na composição e abundância de insetos edáficos em um fragmento florestal urbano no município de Toledo, Paraná, em que são analisadas a abundância e a sazonalidade dos grupos. Para isso foram realizadas coletas mensais entre agosto de 2011 e julho de 2012, em quatro pontos amostrais no interior do fragmento. Em cada ponto foram colocadas três armadilhas pitfall que ficaram expostas durante 48h. Os insetos capturados foram fixados em álcool, triados e identificados. Durante o período amostral, foram capturados 11.568 insetos, distribuídos em 11 ordens e 35 famílias. Coleoptera foi a ordem que apresentou maior riqueza de famílias (12), seguido de Diptera e Hemiptera (5), Hymenoptera e Orthoptera (3). Quanto à abundância, Hymenoptera foi o grupo mais numeroso (4.789), seguida de Coleoptera (4.630) e Diptera (1.985 indivíduos). Os Coleoptera foram representados principalmente pelas famílias Staphylinidae e Silphidae. Os Formicidae (Hymenoptera) foram menos abundantes em meses com baixa temperatura. Já Collembola apresentou relação positiva com a umidade do solo. De modo geral, a entomofauna do fragemento apresentou características da fauna de ambientes alterados: baixa diversidade de famílias e dominância de grupos generalistas.


Subject(s)
Data Collection , Environmental Biomarkers , Insecta
10.
Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal ; (24): 925-930, 2015.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-859507

ABSTRACT

Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a widely used technique in the quantitative analysis of small molecules, part of peptides and proteins in biological matrix. When compared with LC, the LC-MS/MS posesses many advantages, such as high sample throughput, high sensitivity and resolutions, simple method development and simultaneous quantification of multiple components. At the stage of method development, the main practices for analysts are to validate analytical methods according to the regulated requirements. However, due to the quantitative mechanisms of LC-MS/MS, even though the used method is fully validated, analytical inaccuracy problem, which is the so called bioanalytical risk (pitfalls), may still exist, if we do not pay attentions to some details. In the present paper, the factors which may cause inaccuracy in quantitative analysis are summarized, especially those could not be found during routine method validation. Those factors include back transformation of unstable drug metabolites to analyte in the handling of biosamples, matrix effects, in-source conversion, and ion interference caused by ions with similar or same mass-to-charge ratio, etc. In addition to QA/QC oversight and strict method validation, the preventing strategies may contain the follows: selecting biosample processing method with high proficiency in eliminating matrix interferences, enhancing chromatographic separation, selection of suitable precursor-product ions and validation with incurred samples, etc.

11.
Braz. j. biol ; 74(3): 538-544, 8/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-723873

ABSTRACT

Trapping methods can strongly influence the sampling of mammal communities. This study compared the efficiency of the capture of small mammals in Sherman traps in two positions (at ground level and in trees) and pitfall traps in a fragmented landscape. Trapping sessions were carried out between October 2008 and October 2009 at two fragments (8 and 17 ha), an agroforest corridor between them, and the adjacent pasture. A total effort of 4622 trap-nights resulted in 155 captures of 137 individuals from six species. Pitfalls had greater success (4.03%), followed by Shermans on the ground (2.98%) and on trees (2.37%; χ2 = 6.50, p = 0.04). Five species were caught in Sherman ground traps, four in pitfalls and just two on trees. There was no difference among trap types for marsupials (χ2 = 4.75; p = 0.09), while for rodents, pitfalls were more efficient than Shermans on the ground (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.02). As a result, the efficiency of each trap type differed among habitats, due to differences in their species composition. Pitfalls were more efficient in the rainy season (Fisher's exact test, p <0.0001) while Shermans on trees were more efficient in the dry season (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.009). There was no difference between seasons for Shermans on the ground (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.76). Considering the results found, we recommend that future studies of forest mammal communities, particularly those designed to test the effects of forest fragmentation, include combinations of different trap types.


O método de captura pode influenciar a amostragem de comunidades de pequenos mamíferos. Este estudo comparou a eficiência de captura de pequenos mamíferos em armadilhas Sherman em duas posições (solo e árvores) e armadilhas de queda em uma paisagem fragmentada. As sessões de armadilhagem foram realizadas entre outubro de 2008 e outubro de 2009 em dois fragmentos (8 e 17 ha), no corredor agroflorestal que liga os fragmentos e na pastagem adjacente. Um esforço total 4622 armadilhas-noites resultou em 155 capturas de 137 indivíduos de seis espécies. Os pitfalls apresentaram o maior sucesso de captura (4,03%), seguido pelas Shermans no chão (2,98%) e em árvores (2,37%; χ2 = 6,50, p = 0,04). Cinco espécies foram capturadas em armadilhas Sherman chão, quatro em pitfalls e apenas duas em árvores. Não houve diferença entre os tipos de armadilhas para os marsupiais (χ2 = 4,75, p = 0,09), enquanto que para os roedores, os pitfalls foram mais eficientes que Shermans chão (teste exato de Fisher, p = 0,02). A eficiência de cada tipo de armadilha diferiu entre os habitats devido à diferenças na composição de espécies em cada área. Pitfalls foram mais eficientes na estação chuvosa (teste exato de Fisher, p <0,0001) enquanto Shermans em árvores foram mais eficientes na estação seca (teste exato de Fisher, p = 0,009). Não houve diferença entre as estações para Shermans no chão (teste exato de Fisher, p = 0,76). Considerando os resultados encontrados, recomenda-se que futuros estudos de comunidades florestais de pequenos mamíferos, particularmente aqueles projetados para testar os efeitos da fragmentação florestal, considerem combinações de diferentes tipos de armadilhas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ecosystem , Marsupialia/classification , Rodentia/classification , Seasons , Forests
12.
The International Medical Journal Malaysia ; (2): 63-66, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-627305

ABSTRACT

Pilomatrixoma is a benign tumour that originates from the matrix of the hair root. This rare tumour is usually managed by the dermatologists. The commonest location of this tumour is in the head and neck region; hence, it can be encountered by any doctors with interest in this area. When presented in the neck, this hard tumour may pose a diagnostic challenge. A case report of pilomatrixoma misdiagnosed as a metastatic neck disease from fine-needle aspiration cytology is presented. The mistake in the diagnosis has led to a more aggressive and high morbidity surgery than necessary. It is important that head and neck doctors be aware of this condition and includes it in the differential diagnosis of hard masses presenting in the neck.

13.
Korean Journal of Radiology ; : 267-276, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-187062

ABSTRACT

Thyroid ultrasonography (US) plays a key role in the diagnosis and management of thyroid-related diseases. The aim of this article was to illustrate various pitfalls that can occur in utilizing thyroid US and techniques to prevent them. In this article, we present cases demonstrating the common pitfalls associated with US equipment, performance, normal thyroid structures, misinterpretations, and surrounding structures. Knowledge of these areas is essential to avoid misdiagnosis or improper disease management.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Artifacts , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , Thyroid Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Gland/anatomy & histology , Ultrasonography/instrumentation
14.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 57(1): 67-74, jan.-mar. 2013. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-669496

ABSTRACT

Carabid beetle assemblages in three environments in the Araucaria humid forest of southern Brazil. Carabidae is composed mainly by ground-dwelling predator beetles. It is the fourth most diverse group within Coleoptera, but its diversity in the Neotropical region is understudied. Here we describe and analyze the diversity of carabid beetles in a region of subtropical rain forest dominated by Araucaria angustifolia with different landscapes. Three areas were chosen in an environmental integrity gradient: primary forests, secondary forests and old Pinus plantations. Pitfall traps were taken monthly, in a total of 14 samples per area. 1733 adult carabid beetles, belonging to 18 species, were sampled. There were differences in richness and abundance between the sampled areas. The total scores followed the same tendency: primary forests (14 species/747 individuals), secondary forests (13/631) and Pinus forests (10/355). An analysis of similarity shows differences in species composition, for both areas and seasons. Galerita lacordarei was the most abundant species for all samples and seasons. Carabid species show similar responses in accordance with habitat heterogeneity and disturbance. The abundance of Galerita lacordarei was influenced by temperature, for all sampled sites. Environmental changes affect the carabid assemblages and decrease diversity, possibly interfering in local dynamics. Seasonality patterns seem to indicate an increase in individual movement during summer, probably in search of resources. It is suggested that microhabitat patchiness is probably an important factor affecting carabid beetle diversity at small spatial scales.

15.
Japanese Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery ; : 246-248, 2013.
Article in Japanese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-374426

ABSTRACT

The splenic artery is a common site of intraabdominal aneurysms. Very few patients present with symptoms before a splenic artery aneurysm ruptures. However, the symptoms vary depending on the type of aneurysm. Some patients present with hemodynamic shock, while others develop mild lumbago, anemia, or syncope. Thus, it is sometimes difficult to diagnose and treat ruptured splenic aneurysms. We report a rare case of rupture of a small splenic artery aneurysm, which remained undetected for 3 months after the appearance of the first symptoms, i.e., anemia and melena, despite conducting different examinations at our hospital. A 74-year-old man who underwent a graft replacement of an abdominal aortic aneurysm in 2006 complained of melena in May 2011. He was severely anemic, but presented with no other symptoms. A 16-mm-diameter splenic aneurysm was detected during a previous operation. The splenic artery aneurysm, as seen on computer tomography (CT) scans, showed no significant change in diameter for 5 years. The patient underwent upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy, capsule endoscopy, and enhanced CT at the Department of Gastroenterology to determine the site of the bleeding. However, the source of the bleeding was unclear. Finally, a diagnosis by elimination was made and the cause of the melena was identified as a ruptured splenic aneurysm. The splenic artery aneurysm was treated with coil embolization, and the patient's anemia was cured. The splenic artery aneurysm ruptured and bled into the pancreatic duct. The findings of this case suggest that a small splenic artery aneurysm rupture might not cause major symptoms like hemodynamic shock or large hematomas that can be identified on CT scans, but they may bleed into visceral organs. Therefore, interventions for the treatment of a non-symptomatic abdominal visceral artery aneurysm should be carried out promptly.

16.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 12(3): 94-98, Sept. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-655947

ABSTRACT

Among the edaphic Hexapods, the insects are more abundant and important in that they act as environmental indicators. This study aimed to conduct a survey of the edaphic fauna in a forest fragment of transition from ombrophilous forest to mixed seasonal deciduous forest in the municipality of Anchieta, SC, Brazil. Samples were collected every fortnight from May to August 2010 by using the method of pitfall traps. Were collected 6598 individuals. The groups more abundant was Hymenoptera with 3398 individuals (51%), Collembola with a total of 1370 individuals (21%) and Diptera represented by 910 individuals (14%). The Simpson Index was found 0.60 and the Shannon Diversity Index was 3.00. The results obtained show that the place studied by provide conditions of survival to susceptible species such as Collembola, indicated a good quality of the soil study.


Dentre os Hexapoda edáficos, os insetos são os mais abundantes e de grande importância por atuarem como indicadores ambientais. Esse estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento da fauna edáfica em um fragmento florestal de transição de floresta ombrófila mista para floresta estacional decidual, no Município de Anchieta, SC, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas quinzenalmente no período de maio a agosto de 2010 utilizando o método das armadilhas de queda tipo pitfall traps. Foram coletados 6598 indivíduos. Os grupos mais abundantes foram Hymenoptera com 3398 indivíduos (51%), Collembola com um total de 1370 indivíduos (21%) e Diptera representada por 910 indivíduos (14%). O valor do Índice de Simpson encontrado foi de 0,60 e o Índice de Diversidade de Shannon de 3,00. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o local estudado por apresentar condições de sobrevivência para espécies sensíveis como os Collembola, indicam uma boa qualidade do solo da área estudada.

17.
Rev. biol. trop ; 59(4): 1637-1650, Dec. 2011. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646539

ABSTRACT

The semi-arid Caatinga is the fourth largest biome of Brazil, which biota still remains one of the most poorly known, especially with regard to invertebrate groups. In this study, a ground-foraging ant assemblage was surveyed during one year and the effect of rainfall on pitfall trapping was assessed. The study was performed in an area located in the municipality of Pentecoste (3º48’ S - 39º20’ W), in the State of Ceará. A 200m transect with 20 equidistant sampling points was established. Transect sampling was performed once a month during 12 months, over the period August 2008-August 2009. At each sampling point, a pitfall trap partially filled with a mixture of ethanol and monoethylene glycol was placed at the beginning of each month and remained in the field for seven days. 39 species belonging to six subfamilies and 19 genera, plus two unidentified species, were collected, with Pheidole (10 spp.) and Camponotus (8 spp.) being the taxa with the most species. 23 species were frequent, being found in more than 50% of the 12 transect samplings. Five species had an intermediate frequency (25 to 50%), while 13 were relatively infrequent (less than 25%). Most of the species (22) showed low occurrence, being found in less than 10% of the 240 samples (20 samples each month, during 12 months). Only five species were collected in more than 50% of the samples, those species being also responsible for most of the total abundance (number of captured individuals of all species) observed each month. The speciesaccumulation curves (observed and estimated) indicated that sampling sufficiency was attained, and that about 92% of the estimated ground-foraging ant fauna had been collected. 40 and 29 species were collected in the dry and rainy season, respectively, with monthly species richness ranging from 13 to 28. The total ant abundance showed a drastic decrease during the rainy season, and a negative linear correlation was found between rainfall and total ant abundance (R2=0.68). A similar negative linear correlation was found for species occurrences against rainfall (R2=0.71), and for mean number of species per pitfall trap against rainfall (R2=0.71). However, some species showed equal abundance, occurrence and mean number of individuals per pitfall trap in both seasons, while others showed a much higher abundance and occurrence during the rainy season. Pitfall trapping as a method to sample ground-foraging ant assemblage of the Caatinga biome and potential factors responsible for lower pitfall trap performance during rainy season are discussed. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (4): 1637-1650. Epub 2011 December 01.


La Caatinga semiárida es el cuarto bioma más grande de Brasil. Pese a ello, es también el bioma brasileño cuya biota continúa siendo la más pobremente estudiada, especialmente en lo que se refiere a grupos de invertebrados. En este estudio se examinó durante un año el grupo de hormigas que forrajean en el suelo de un área de Caatinga y se evaluó el efecto de la lluvia sobre las trampas de caída. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un área del municipio de Pentecoste (3º48’ S - 39º20’ W), estado de Ceará. Se estableció un transecto de 200m con 20 puntos de muestreo equidistantes. El muestreo del transecto se realizó mensualmente durante 12 meses, entre Agosto 2008-Agosto 2009. En cada punto de muestreo se colocó al principio de cada mes una trampa de caída parcialmente llena con una mezcla de etanol y monoetilenglicol y se mantuvo en el campo durante siete días. Se recogieron 39 especies pertenecientes a seis subfamilias y 19 géneros, además de dos especies sin identificar, siendo Pheidole (10 spp) y Camponotus (8 spp) los taxones con más especies. Veintitrés especies fueron frecuentes, se registraron en más del 50% de los 12 transectos muestreados. Cinco especies tuvieron una frecuencia intermedia (25 a 50%), mientras 13 fueron relativamente infrecuentes (menos del 25%). La mayoría de las especies (22) mostraron una presencia baja, encontrándose en menos del 10% de las 240 muestras (20 muestras cada mes durante 12 meses). Sólo cinco especies fueron recogidas en más del 50% de las muestras, fueron además responsables de casi toda la abundancia total (número de individuos capturados de todas las especies) mensual. Las curvas de acumulación de especies (observadas y estimadas) indicaron que se consiguió un muestreo suficiente y que se había recogido cerca del 92% de la fauna estimada de hormigas terrícolas forrajeras. Se recogieron 40 y 29 especies durante las estaciones seca y lluviosa, respectivamente, con una riqueza de especies mensual entre 13 y 28. La abundancia total de especies mostró una disminución drástica durante la estación de lluvias, y se encontró una correlación linear negativa entre la pluviosidad y la abundancia total de hormigas (R2=0.68). Una correlación linear negativa similar se encontró entre la ocurrencia de especies y la pluviosidad (R2=0.71), y entre el número medio de especies por trampa de caída y la pluviosidad (R2=0.71). Sin embargo, mientras se observó que algunas especies tenían la misma abundancia, presencia, y número medio de individuos por trampa de caída en ambas estaciones, otras tenían una abundancia y presencia mucho mayor durante la estación lluviosa. Se discute el uso de trampas de caída como método para muestrear el grupo de hormigas que forrajean en el suelo del bioma de la Caatinga, así como los factores potenciales responsables del rendimiento más bajo de las trampas de caída durante la estación lluviosa.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ants/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Brazil , Population Density , Population Dynamics , Rain , Seasons
18.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 55(2): 253-266, June 2011. graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-593253

ABSTRACT

Evaluating leaf litter beetle data sampled by Winkler extraction from Atlantic forest sites in southern Brazil. To evaluate the reliability of data obtained by Winkler extraction in Atlantic forest sites in southern Brazil, we studied litter beetle assemblages in secondary forests (5 to 55 years after abandonment) and old-growth forests at two seasonally different points in time. For all regeneration stages, species density and abundance were lower in April compared to August; but, assemblage composition of the corresponding forest stages was similar in both months. We suggest that sampling of small litter inhabiting beetles at different points in time using the Winkler technique reveals identical ecological patterns, which are more likely to be influenced by sample incompleteness than by differences in their assemblage composition. A strong relationship between litter quantity and beetle occurrences indicates the importance of this variable for the temporal species density pattern. Additionally, the sampled beetle material was compared with beetle data obtained with pitfall traps in one old-growth forest. Over 60 percent of the focal species captured with pitfall traps were also sampled by Winkler extraction in different forest stages. Few beetles with a body size too large to be sampled by Winkler extraction were only sampled with pitfall traps. This indicates that the local litter beetle fauna is dominated by small species. Hence, being aware of the exclusion of large beetles and beetle species occurring during the wet season, the Winkler method reveals a reliable picture of the local leaf litter beetle community.


Avaliação dos besouros da liteira amostrados por extração Winkler na Floresta Atlântica do Sul do Brasil. Para avaliar a confiabilidade dos dados obtidos pela extração Winkler em coletas na Floresta Atlântica do Sul do Brasil, nós estudamos as assembléias de besouros da liteira em florestas secundárias (5 a 55 anos após abandono) e no estágio avançado em dois pontos no tempo sazonalmente diferentes. Para todos os estágios de renegeração, a densidade e abundância das espécies foram menores em abril comparado a agosto; porém, a composição das assembléias dos estágios florestais correspondentes foi similar em ambos os meses. Nós sugerimos que amostragens de pequenos besouros habitantes de liteira em diferentes pontos no tempo usando o método Winkler revelam padrões ecológicos idênticos. Um forte relacionamento entre a quantidade da liteira e a ocorrência de besouros indica a importância dessa variável no padrão temporal de densidade das espécies. Adicionalmente, o material amostrado foi comparado com dados de besouros obtidos utilizando armadilhas do tipo pitfall em um estágio avançado de regeneração. Cerca de 60 por cento das espécies de interesse capturadas em pitfall foram também amostradas pela extração Winkler. Poucos besouros com tamanho corporal grande para ser amostrado pela extração Winkler foram capturados com a armadilha pitfall. Isso indica que a fauna local de besouros da liteira é dominada por espécies pequenas. Portanto, sabendo da exclusão das espécies grandes e das espécies que ocorrem durante a estação chuvosa, o método Winkler revela um cenário confiável da comunidade local de besouros da literia.

19.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 26(5): 817-823, Sept.- Oct. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-911535

ABSTRACT

O estudo dos invertebrados que habitam o solo é importante para a compreensão do funcionamento dessas complexas comunidades e também o que ocorre nos ambientes que são modificados por ações humanas. Tanto microorganismos, quanto animais invertebrados são responsáveis por inúmeras funções no solo, como por exemplo a decomposição e ciclagem de nutrientes, fragmentação do material vegetal, regulação de comunidade microbiana, dentre outras. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estimar intervalos de confiança para a proporção de insetos encontrados nos ambientes estudados, identificar quais as principais ordens foram capturadas por meio da armadilha do tipo "pitfall" e assim compará-las em ambientes distintos: zona urbana com vegetação de gramíneas e zona rural. As principais ordens encontradas foram: Hymenoptera, Acari, Araneae, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Collembola, Thysanoptera, Diptera, Larva de Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Thysanura, Neuroptera e Coleoptera nos meses de Setembro e Novembro de 2007. Observou-se pelos intervalos que a ordem de maior proporção nos dois ambientes foi a Hymenoptera, seguida da Acari na zona urbana e por Collembola e da Coleoptera na zona rural. Através da estimação intervalar pôde-se constatar as diferenças entre esses ambientes e como ocorre a interferência humana sobre a fauna de solo.


The study of invertebrates that inhabit the soil is very important to understand the functioning of complex communities and also what occurs in environments that are modified by human actions. Both microorganisms and invertebrates are responsible for numerous functions in the soil, such as decomposition and nutrient cycling, fragmentation of organic matter, regulation of the microbial community. This research aimed to estimate confidence intervals for the proportion of insects found in the study sites, identify the main orders were taken by pitfall traps and thus to compare them in different environments: urban area with grass and countryside Acari, Araneae, Hemiptera, Homoptera, Collembola, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera larvae, Orthoptera, Thysanura, Coleoptera and Neuroptera in the months of September and November 2007. Was observed by intervals of the order of highest proportion in the two environments was the Hymenoptera, then the Acari in urban areas and Collembola and Coleoptera in the countryside. Through the estimation interval we can see the differences between these environments and how human interference affect the the soil fauna.


Subject(s)
Animals , Fauna/analysis , Invertebrates , Soil , Soil Analysis , Likelihood Functions , Statistics as Topic
20.
Biota neotrop. (Online, Ed. port.) ; 9(4): 91-95, Oct.-Dec. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-543226

ABSTRACT

A fauna do solo exerce importante papel nos processos ecológicos do ecossistema. Estudos sobre a composição e estrutura dessas comunidades são importantes para entender o seu funcionamento. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a comunidade de Coleoptera, coletada mediante armadilhas de solo, quinzenalmente, durante o período de treze meses (08/2003-08/2004), na Mata do Mergulhão, Rio de Janeiro. Foram capturados 10.820 espécimes, representados por 24 famílias, sendo considerados abundantes Nitidulidae (4.782 indivíduos), Curculionidae (3.176 indivíduos), Scarabaeidae (2.019 indivíduos) e Staphylinidae (326 indivíduos), capturadas em todo período de coleta. De acordo com as guildas tróficas, os indivíduos das famílias coletados, podem ser agrupados em detritívoros (4.802 espécimes), herbívoros (3.218 espécimes), decompositores (2.019 espécimes), predadores (621 espécimes) e fungívoros (160 espécimes). Foi constatada maior ocorrência de detritívoros (44,4 por cento), herbívoros (29,7 por cento) e decompositores (18,7 por cento). Foram capturados 6.685 exemplares (61,8 por cento) no período de outubro/2003 a março/2004, na estação chuvosa, e 4.135 exemplares (38,2 por cento) na estação seca. Foram observadas maiores capturas nos meses de outubro e dezembro de 2003, e março de 2004.


The soil fauna plays an important role in the ecological function of an ecosystem and studies on the composition and structure of these communities are important to understand your functioning. The objective of our study was to evaluate of community of the soil fauna Coleoptera, collected bimonthly through pitfall trap, from August 2003 to August 2004. A total of 10,820 specimens from 24 families of Coleoptera were captured, but Nitidulidae (4,782 individuals), Curculionidae (3,176), Scarabaeidae (2,019) and Staphylinidae (326) were considered abundant families. According to the trophic guild, the collected individuals can be divided into detritivores (4,802 specimens), herbivores (3,218), decomposers (2,019), predators (621) and fungivoros (160). These results indicate no dominance of a single trophic group, however, the high occurrence of detritivores (44.4 percent), herbivores (29.7 percent) and decomposers (18.7 percent) was registered. About 61.8 percent (6,685 individuals) were captured during October 2003 to March 2004, a rainy period, and 38.2 percent (4,135) during the dry period indicating a pronounced seasonal difference in the relative abundance of individuals sampled. The high frequency of individuals was observed during the October and December, 2003, and March, 2004.

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