ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate effect of plasma ammonia on β-amyloid(Aβ)of CSF and cognitive function in mild Alzheimer's disease(AD).Methods A total of 108 mild AD patients admitted to our hospital and 47 volunteers(HC group)were studied,the cognitive function were measured and plasma ammonia were detected.The mild AD patients were divided into normal ammonia group(ADA-group)and hyperammonemia group(ADA + group)by the plasma ammonia level.The level of Aβ42,Aβ40,total tau and phosphorylated tau protein in CSF of AD patients were detected,and the results were compared.Results Compared with HC group,the MMSE and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)in the ADA-group and ADA + group were significantly lower(all P＜0.001).The MoCA of ADA + group was significantly lower than that of ADA-group(P＜0.001).The plasma ammonia of ADA + group were significantly higher than those of ADA-group and HC group(all P＜0.001).The levels of Aβ42 and Aβ40 in ADA + group were significantly lower than those of ADA-group(t =2.29,P =0.024;t =2.72,P =0.008).In ADA + group,the plasma ammonia level was negatively correlated with the MoCA score(r =-0.47,P＜0.001)and level of Aβ42 in CSF(r =-0.63,P＜0.001).The level of Aβ42 played a partial mediating role between the plasma ammonia level and cognitive function,and mediating effect accounted for 45.94%of the total effect.Conclusion The plasma ammonia level is elevated in some AD patients,high plasma ammonia level may reduce the Aβ42 level in CSF,contributes to Aβ42 deposition which forms the amyloid plaques,ultimately aggravates cognitive impairment.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship between the level of plasma ammonia(NH3),and the changes of serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),cholinesterase(ChE),liver fibrosis index in liver cirrhosis patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(LC-HCC)in reference to Child-pugh grades.Methods: A total of 58 patients with LC and HCC(LC-HCC group),76 patients with LC(LC group)and 60 cases of healthy volunteers(HC group)were collected.Serum AFP were detected by electrochemiluminescence,serum Hyaluronic acid(HA),laminin(LN),type Ⅳ collagen(Ⅳ-C) were detected by chemilu minescence immunoassay,serum ChE were detected by S-Butyrylthiocholine iodide,NH3 was continuously monitored.The levels of AFP,ChE,NH3 and liver fibrosis indexes(HA,LN,Ⅳ-C) among the LC-HCC group,LC group and HC group,different Child-Pugh grades in LC-HCC group were compared.Results: The serum levels of NH3,AFP,HA,LN,Ⅳ-C in LC-HCC group were significantly higher than that in LC and HC group,and ChE levels were significantly reduced,differences between LC group and HC group were statistically significant(P<0.05).With the increase of Child-Pugh grades,the serum levels of NH3,AFP,HA,LN,Ⅳ-C in LC-HCC group were gradually increased but the ChE gradually decreased,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Serum levels of ChE in patients with LC-HCC were significant negatively correlated with Child-Pugh grades,and AFP,NH3,HA,LN,Ⅳ-C were significant positive correlated with Child-Pugh grades(P<0.05).Serum levels of ChE in patients with LC-HCC were significant negatively correlated with LN,Ⅳ-C and HA,while the levels of AFP,NH3 were significant positive correlated with LN,Ⅳ-C and HA(P<0.05).Conclusion: The serum levels of AFP,ChE and NH3 in patients with LC and HCC are significant abnormalities;they are significant positive correlated with Child-Pugh grades;the detection of the these indicators is valuable to non-invasive diagnosis for patients with LC and HCC.
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between energy systems and running performance, especially during the last spurt in an 800-m race. The subjects were separated into good 800-m runners (group A n=5: best record, 1′54″3±1.4) and a second group of slower 800-m runners (group B n=4: best record, 2′02″1±1.3) . Each group executed two types of running test (600m test and 800m test) . To simulate an 800-m race, the running speed up to 600m was set by means of a lamp pace maker system. The last spurt was running 200m at maximal voluntary running speed. Plasma lactate, plasma ammonia, serum glucose and blood pH were assayed at rest, after warming up, and 6 and 10min after the running test.<BR>The following results were obtained:<BR>1) The last spurt time of group A was significantly faster than that of group B (p<0.01) . 2) In group A, plasma lactate and plasma ammonia concentrations increased significantly during the last spurt (p<0.05) . In group B, however, plasma lactate and plasma ammonia concentrations before the last spurt (600m test values) were very close to the values after the last spurt (800m test values), 3) Last spurt times were significantly related to changes in plasma lactate concentration (r=-0.870, p<0.01) and O<SUP>2</SUP> debt (r=-0.799, p<0.01) during the last spurt.<BR>These results suggest that running performance during the last spurt in an 800-m race depends on anaerobic energy ability, as reflected by plasma lactate, plasma ammonia and O<SUP>2</SUP> debt before the last spurt.