A cross-sectional study of pulmonary function test in traffic policemen of Gangtok, East Sikkim, North East India

Background: Vehicular or automobile emission constitutes a significant health injury to traffic policemen posted at thenumerous traffic junctions. Aim and Objectives: Evaluating the spirometric lung function test parameters of traffic policemen posted in Gangtok town and to compare and measure the findings with general police personnel and also to study the effect of exposure to long-term automobile pollution. Materials and Methods: In this study, after matching for anthropometric variables such as weight, height, and body mass index, 40 traffic policemen were taken as case and 40 general duty policemen were taken as control groups. The exclusion criteria were duly screened, and only those subject who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included after which the spirometric pulmonary function tests (PFT) ‘s evaluation was done. The indices measured in the study included (1) Forced vital capacity (FVC) (2) Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (3) FEV1/FVC ratio (4) Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) (5) Forced mid expiratory flow (FEF 25–75%). Spirometric indices of the subjects and controls were statistically analyzed using the student’s t test and p value computed against the degree of freedom. Results: The traffic policemen showed decline in various PFT indices as compared to controls in terms of FVC(L), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC, FEF 25–75%, PEFR, although it was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The traffic policemen working in Gangtok town had decreased PFT, although it was not statistically significant in this study. Even then, we strongly recommend for the adoption and practice of various preventive measure from vehicular pollution and conduction of further studies on larger samples.

Burnout, malestar psicológico y satisfacción con la vida en policías durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Un estudio exploratorio / Burnout, psychological discomfort and life satisfaction in police officers during the health contingency due to COVID-19: an exploratory study

Objetivo: el síndrome de burnout es una condición surgida a partir de la demanda excesiva de energía, recursos y disponibilidad de los trabajadores, repercute en la integridad de quienes lo padecen. El objetivo de este estudio exploratorio, pionero, fue analizar el grado de síndrome burnout, malestar psicológico y satisfacción con la vida en una muestra de oficiales de policía mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal, con alcances exploratorios, descriptivos y correlacionales con 27 policías del estado de Puebla [México], entre los 19 y 43 años de edad. Se utilizaron las escalas Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Resultados: resalta una prevalencia alta de despersonalización en el 81,5% de la muestra; realización personal baja, en un 55,6%; y un agotamiento emocional alto, en el 37%. El 63% indicó malestar psicológico moderado y el 51,9%, una alta satisfacción con la vida. De igual forma, se identificaron asociaciones parciales entre las variables incluidas. Conclusiones: conviene adelantar nuevas investigaciones orientadas a detectar y promover factores protectores mecanismos de defensa y tratamientos correspondientes para disminuir los índices del síndrome de quemarse en el trabajo en el sector policial..(Au)

Objective: burnout syndrome is a condition that arises from the excessive demand for energy, resources and availability of workers, which has repercussions on the integrity of those who suffer from it. Therefore, the objective of this exploratory study, until now pioneering, was to analyze the degree of burnout syndrome, psychological distress and satisfaction with life in a sample of mexican police officers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: a non-experimental, cross-sectional study was carried out, with exploratory, descriptive and correlational scopes; 27 policemen from the state of Puebla [Mexico] participated, with ages between 19 and 43 years. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, the Kessler's Psychological Distress Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale were used. Results: a high prevalence of depersonalization stands out in 81,5% of the sample; low personal fulfillment, 55,6%; and a high emotional exhaustion, in 37%; 63% indicated moderate psychological distress and 51,9%, high satisfaction with life. Similarly, partial associations were identified between the included variables. Conclusions: it is suggested to develop new research aimed at detecting and promoting protective factors, defense mechanisms and corresponding treatments to reduce the rates of burn syndrome at police work..(Au)

Relationship between professional identity and work engagement in policemen of Tibetan Area in Sichuan Province / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the current status of professional identity and work engagement in policemen of Tibetan Area in Sichuan Province and analyze their relationship. METHODS: A total of 167 policemen from Tibetan Area of Sichuan Province were selected as research subjects using typical sampling method. Policemen Professional Identity Scale and Work Engagement Scale were used to investigate their professional identity and work engagement. RESULTS: The average scores of professional identity and work engagement of research subjects were(3.9±0.7) and(4.4±1.0) respectively. The scores of professional identity and work engagement in policemen with length of service <5 years were higher than those with length of service 5-9 years and 10-14 years(all P<0.05). The score of professional identity in research subjects was positively correlated with the work engagement score(P<0.01). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that after excluding the influence of confounding factors such as gender, marital status, education level and length of service as a policeman, the role perception, professional values and professional pride could positively predict the score of work engagement(all P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Professional identity of policemen of Tibetan Area in Sichuan Province can affect their work engagement. Enhancing professional identity of the policemen can help improve their work engagement level.

Identifying the dimensions of occupational stress by factor analysis among policemen in Tamil Nadu

Background: Stress can be defined as a physiological response to physical and mental demands. These stresses can negatively influence the performance and wellbeing of the employees. Police officers are a part of unique occupational population who are exposed various stressful conditions daily. This study attempts to explore factors influencing occupational stress faced by Policemen.Methods: The study was a cross sectional conducted among the policemen under three subdivisions of Villupuram, Tamilnadu. Operational police stress questionnaire was used to assess the stress levels with 20 statements which were then extracted into four dimensions by factor analysis.Results: By factor analysis stress was categorized into four factors or dimensions namely social and health related stress, time management stress, emotional stress and work-related stress.Conclusions: This study highlights that the major dimensions causing occupational stress among policemen which will form a framework for planning programs for stress management.

A profissão do policial militar: vivências de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho / Police Officer Profession: experiences of pleasure and suffering at work / La profesión del policía militar: vivencias de placer y sufrimiento en el trabajo

Este artigo contempla pesquisa realizada com profissionais da Polícia Militar lotados no interior do Estado Rio Grande do Sul, no ano de 2016, com abordagem da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho. Foram investigados fatores que determinam vivências de prazer e sofrimento no cotidiano de trabalho. Este estudo avaliou dez profissionais, por meio de questionário sociodemográfico e entrevista semiestruturada. Os discursos foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicam que o trabalho desses profissionais é gerador tanto de prazer como de sofrimento. O fardamento desconfortável e o descontentamento com o quadro de funcionários são causas de sofrimento, já os sentimentos de prazer são apontados pela autonomia no atendimento às ocorrências. Desta forma, foram identificadas estratégias de defesas utilizadas pelos policiais militares para amenizar o sofrimento ocasionado pelo trabalho, destacando-se: a resiliência, a sublimação e a não verbalização do sofrimento, sustentado pelo recurso simbólico da virilidade reforçada pela cultura gaúcha.

This article examines research conducted with Military Police professionals in a remote area of Rio Grande do Sul State, in the year 2016. Based on the theory of Psychodynamics of Work, some factors that create experiences of pleasure and suffering in the daily work of the Military Police were investigated. This study evaluated ten professionals, using a sociodemographic questionnaire and an individual semi-structured interview. The discourse was analyzed using content analysis. The results showed that Military Police work creates both pleasure and suffering. The uncomfortable uniform and the discontent with employees' situations were linked with suffering, while the feelings of pleasure were indicated for the opportunity to work with autonomy in responding to incidents. Thus, some defense strategies used by the Military Police to ease the suffering at work were identified, highlighting: resilience, sublimation, and nonverbalization of suffering, supported by the virility reinforced by the gaucho culture.

Este artículo comprende una investigación realizada con profesionales de la Policía Militar en el interior de Río Grande del Sur, en el año 2016, con abordaje teórico de la Psicodinámica del Trabajo. Se investigaron factores que determinan vivencias de placer y sufrimiento en su trabajo diario. En estudio fue evaluado diez profesionales con un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una entrevista semiestructurada, cuyos discursos fueron analizados por medio del análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron que el trabajo genera tanto placer como sufrimiento. El uniforme incómodo y lo desagrado con el cuerpo de funcionarios causan sufrimiento, ya los sentimientos de placer se apuntan con la posibilidad del policía actuar con autonomía. Así, se identificaron estrategias de defesas utilizadas para ablandar el sufrimiento, en que se destacan: el elasticidad, la sublimación y la no verbalización del sufrimiento sostenida por la función simbólica de la virilidade y reforzado por la cultura gaucha.

Trait anxiety and attentional bias in policemen / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias in emotional faces of policemen with different trait anxiety levels. Methods: By using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 44 policemen (23 males and 21 females) were included in the higher trait anxiety level group and 44 policemen (25 males and 19 females) were included in the lower trait anxiety level group. The 2 anxiety style ((higher trait anxiety level, lower trait anxiety level) × 2 emotional type (positive, negative) × 2 clue type (identical side, opposite side) hybrid design was used to investigate the attentional bias of the response time differences between the two groups of policemen on keystroke responses of different emotional types and different types of clues by using a dot probe. Results: The positive emotional face reaction of the higher trait anxiety level group was less than that of the negative emotional face reaction[ (638. 0 ± 12. 4) ms vs. (651. 7 ± 13. 1) ms, P ＜ 0. 01], while the lower trait anxiety level police had no statistical significance on the reaction of positive emotional face and negative emotional face (P＞ 0. 05). The clue types in the higher trait anxiety level group were identical side less than opposite side response time [ (640. 3 ± 12. 6) ms vs. (649. 5 ± 13. 0) ms, P ＜ 0. 05], and there was no statistical significance in the lower trait anxiety level group about identical side and opposite side response time (P＞ 0. 05). The clue type in identical side, there was no significant difference in the response of two groups to positive emotional faces and negative emotional faces (P＞ 0. 05); while the clue type in opposite side, the response of higher trait anxiety level group to negative emotional faces was higher than that of positive emotional faces [ (663. 1 ± 9. 8) ms vs. (651. 4 ± 8. 9) ms, P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion: It suggests that the policemen with higher level of trait anxiety have selective attentional bias to negative emotional faces, which induced by impaired attentional disengagement.

Relationship among loneliness at workplace,job burnout and turnover intention in prison policemen / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship among loneliness at workplace, job burnout, and turnover intention in prison policemen. METHODS: A convenience sampling method was used to select a total of 290 prison policemen officers as the study subjects in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The Workplace Loneliness Scale, Job Burnout Scale and Turnover Intention Scale were used to investigate the loneliness at workplace, job burnout and turnover intention respectively.RESULTS: The scores of turnover intention of 31-40 age group were higher than that of 41 or over age group(P<0.01). The scores of turnover intention in the length of service 1-5 years group and 6-10 year length of service group were higher than that of length of service over 16 years or more(P<0.05). The scores of turnover intention of section group policemen were higher than that of division group(P<0.05). The loneliness in the workplace was positively correlated with job burnout[Spearman rank correlation coefficient(r_S)=0.343, P<0.01], and turnover intention(r_S=0.392, P<0.01), and job burnout was positively correlated with turnover intention(r_S=0.408, P<0.01). Job burnout was the intermediate variable between loneliness in the workplace and turnover intention with a mediating effect rate of 60.2%. CONCLUSION: The job burnout of prison policemen plays a partial role in mediating the influence of loneliness at workplace on turnover intention.

Respiratory Effects of Exposure to High Levels of Particulate Among Malaysian Traffic Police

Abstract@#Introduction: Malaysian traffic police are always working on the public roads to alleviate traffic congestion and therefore exposed them to the polluted air every day. In particular, polluted air containing PM2.5 is dangerous to their respiratory health as they can penetrate deep into the lungs, leading to bronchitis, lung cancer and many more. Hence, this research examined the relationship of personal exposure level to PM2.5 with respiratory symptoms among traffic policemen in Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru. Methods: 134 participants among traffic policemen were agreed to participate in this study. They were requested to complete a questionnaire regarding the sociodemographic background and respiratory health information. The questionnaire was adopted from International Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Diseases (1986). Personal exposure level of PM2.5 was measured using an air pump with 5.0µm pore size PVC filter. Results: The mean exposure level of PM2.5 among traffic policemen was 28.69 µg/m3. It was found that some of them possess respiratory symptoms (Coughing 33.6%, Phlegm 25.4%, Wheezing 14.9% and Shortness of breath 32.1%). There was significant association detected at p-value < 0.05 in coughing. Despite, there was no significant association in other symptoms such as phlegm, wheezing and shortness of breath. Conclusions: Traffic police were exposed to a relatively high level of PM2.5 (12.4 µg/m3 to 55.3 µg/m3) and showed symptoms of respiratory effects. Therefore, recognition of the risks connected with occupational lung disease and exposure monitoring must be a high priority. This baseline data can serve as a reference to the top management of traffic police officers in order to develop an occupational safety and health guideline for police officers as required by Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA, Act 514 1994).

Prevalence of obesity and it’s associated risk factors among policemen of Chitradurga district, Karnataka, India

Background: Obesity is an increasingly prevalent disease worldwide and can be regarded as a health problem among individuals of different occupations, including policemen, who are responsible for public security. Working throughout the day in stressful atmosphere produces adverse physical and psychological effects. We conducted this study to find the prevalence of obesity among policemen, if any, and to identify the associated risk factors for obesity in this population.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted among 410 police personnel of 4 talukas of Chitradurga District, Karnataka from July 2017 to January 2018. Semi-structured questionnaire was prepared to collect the data, which consist of socio-demographic data, clinical examination findings, anthropometric measurements and biochemical investigations. At the end whoever had high risk factors, were treated for the same along with advice on healthy life style. Data entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and analysed using SPSS software, version 20. Frequency tables, ANOVA test and chi-square test were used for analysis and interpretation.Results: There were total 392 males and 18 females. Age group was ranging from 21 years to 59 years. 201(49%) of the police officers were overweight and 45(11%) were obese. Ideal weight police men were younger than obese policemen and weighed less than obese police. There was statistical difference in BMI between the three groups of policemen. The mean TG and TC levels among overweight and obese were higher than ideal weight policemen and this difference was statistically significant. 32.9% of participants had a high TC level (≥200 mg/100 ml). Moreover, 93.4% and 84.1% had a low level of HDL-C and high level of LDL-C, respectively (<40 mg/ 100 ml and >150 mg/100 ml, respectively). 49.5% of our study participants had TG levels >150mg/100 ml. 60.5% and 42.7% had high SBP and DBP, respectively (>130 mmHg and >90mmHg). The difference between TC and HDL between different BMI groups was statistically significant.Conclusions: Obesity and hypertension are high risk factors for development of cardiovascular diseases. Early detection of the same and effective implementation of a physical fitness program, a regular balanced diet, inoculation training for managing stress can improve the life of police personnel.

Effects Of Air Pollutants On Lung Functions Of Traffic Policemen Of Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background- Maximum Air pollution is at road side. It can cause acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Traffic policemen are continuously exposed to pollutants. Study was done for lung function assessment of traffic policemen of Ujjain city. Methodology- Detailed history and clinical examination were done. Spirometry was done before and after duty with Spirolab III machine. Results-100 traffic policemen 98% were male and 2% female. Duty place- roadside-90% and office -10%.Daily exposure- 63% were 6 hours or less and 37% were more than 6 hours. Service length- 79% had 10 years or more period. Spirometry results were pre duty 60% normal , 33% restrictive, 4% obstructive and 3% mixed . Air quality index of Ujjain was good and satisfactory. Conclusion-Spirometry is a good tool for lung function assessment and diseases (asthma, COPD) detection. Regular health check-ups, spirometry, facemask use and quit smoking are essential for healthy lungs.

Relationship of subjective well-being with personality trait and self-efficacy in policemen / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the relationships of subjective well-being with personality trait and self-efficacy in policemen.Methods Totally 329 policemen from 3 prisons were assessed with General Well-Being Schedule (GWBS),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES).The relationship between subjective well-being and personality traits,self-efficacy of policemen was analyzed using correlation analysis,variance analysis,regression analysis and structural equation modeling.Results The personality of extroverted stability had the highest score in GSE (2.74 ± 0.56) and GWB (88.89±11.90),while the introverted instability had the lowest(GSE:(2.19±0.46);GWB:(67.38±13.79)).Psychoticism(2.45± 1.72) was negatively correlated with GWB (78.24± 15.32) (r=-0.19,P＜0.01),neuroticism(5.07±3.31) was negatively correlated with GSE (2.50±0.57) and GWB (r=-0.38,-0.60,all P＜0.0l),while introversion-extroversion(8.13±2.86) was positively correlated with GSE and WGB (r=0.26,0.29,all P＜0.01).Structural equation model showed that neuroticism negatively influenced GWB (γ =-0.610,P＜0.01),and introversion-extroversion positively influenced GWB (γ=0.169,P＜0.05).Self-efficacy had partial mediating effect on relationship between neuroticism and GWB as well as the relationship between introversion-extroversion and GWB.Conclusions There is a high correlation between neuroticism and GWB.Self-efficacy plays a mediating role on relationship between personality trait and GWB.It can promote GWB of policemen by enhancing their self-efficacy.

Association of work stress,mental resilience and mental health in local policemen / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the current situation of work stress,mental resilience and mental health in the local policemen,and to explore the association among these three variables. METHODS: A total of 260 local policemen in 3 districts of a city in Hebei Province were selected as the study subjects using cluster sampling method. The Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale,Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and General Health Questionnaire were used to evaluate their work stress,mental resilience and mental health. RESULTS: There was a negative correlation between work stress and mental resilience( P < 0. 01). Positive correlation was found between work stress and mental health( P < 0. 01). The mental resilience was negatively correlated with mental health( P < 0. 01). The mental resilience could negatively predict mental health( β =-0. 31,P < 0. 01). Work stress could positively predict mental health( β = 0. 56,P < 0. 01). Work stress had a negative prediction on mental resilience( β =-0. 47,P < 0. 01). Mental resilience played a partial mediating role between work stress and mental health( β = 0. 41,P < 0. 01). The mediating effect accounted for 26. 0% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Mental resilience plays a partial mediating role in influencing work stress on mental health. Reducing work stress and increasing resilience play an important protective role in mental health of local policemen.

Relationship between hyperuricemia and cardiovascular risk factors among outdoor male traffic policemen / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To comprehend the prevalence status of elevated serum uric acid(SUA) and investigate the relationship between elevated SUA and cardiovascular risk factors and the clustering of the cardiovascular risk factors among outdoor male traffic policemen. METHODS: Selected by convenience sampling,1 039 outdoor traffic policemen in Guangzhou were asked to complete a questionnaire survey,physical and laboratory examination. According to the level of SUA > 420. 00 μmol/L or not,they were divided into elevated SUA group and control group. RESULTS: The median SUA level of outdoor male traffic policemen was 431. 00 μmol/L,and the elevated SUA prevalence was 56. 3%. The length of working years,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and levels of serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and serum creatinine(Scr) in the elevated SUA group were statistically higher than the control group(P < 0. 01). The high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was lower in the control group than that in the elevated SUA group(P < 0. 01). After adjusting for age and alcohol consumption,the results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that outdoor traffic policemen who suffer from overweight or obesity,elevated TG and elevated TC have more risk in suffering from elevated SUA(P < 0. 05). The odds ratios(ORs) and 95%confidence intervals(CIs) were 2. 347(1. 772-3. 109),2. 040(1. 517-2. 743) and 1. 431(1. 080-1. 896) respectively.The risk factors of suffering from elevated SUA increased along with the increase of outdoor working years or Scr level(P <0. 05). The ORs and 95% CIs were 1. 028(1. 004-1. 054) and 1. 048(1. 033-1. 062) respectively. The proportion of people with elevated SUA among outdoor traffic policemen increased with the increase of cardiovascular risk factors(P <0. 01). The risk of elevated SUA among outdoor male traffic policemen who have 1,2,3,4 and ≥5 cardiovascular risk factors were 1. 583,2. 351,4. 657,2. 865 and 13. 576 times higher than those without cardiovascular risk factor respectively(P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Among outdoor male traffic policemen,elevated SUA are closely associated with the cardiovascular risk factors. The risk factors of suffering from elevated SUA increased with clustering of cardiovascular risk factors.

Job burnout and its correlation with self-efficacy and social support among policemen serving in female drug rehabilitation center / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the incidence of job burnout in policemen in female drug rehabilitation center and its correlation with self-efficacy and social support. METHODS: The General Condition Inventory,Maslach Burnout Inventory General Survey,Perceived Social Support Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale were used to evaluate the mental health status of 254 policemen of female drug rehabilitation center. RESULTS: The scores of policewomen in emotional exhaustion dimension were higher than those of policemen( P < 0. 01). The policemen with length of service ≤15 years had the lower scores in emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation dimension than those with length of service > 15 years( P < 0. 05).The scores of ordinary policemen in emotional exhaustion dimension were hight than those of vice-officer level policemen( P < 0. 01). Policemen who were in contact with patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome had higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension than those who were not in contact with patients( P < 0. 05). Partial correlation analysis showed that the scores of 3 dimensions of job burnout( emotional exhaustion,depersonalization and lower sense of personal achievement) were negatively correlated with general self-efficacy( P < 0. 05). Emotional exhaustion was negatively correlated with social support and other related dimension scores( P < 0. 01). The depersonalization dimension score was negatively correlated with total score of social support,and the dimension scores of family support,friend support and other support( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The job burnout of policemen working in female drug rehabilitation center are different by gender,length of service,position and different types of job. The correlation exists among job burnout,self-efficacy and social support in a certain degree.

Lista de eventos traumáticos ocupacionais para profissionais de emergências: adaptação e validação / Checklist of occupational traumatic events for emergency professionals: Adaptation and validation / Lista de eventos traumáticos en el trabajo para los profesionales de emergência: adaptación y validación

O objetivo do presente artigo foi descrever o processo de adaptação e as características psicométricas da versão brasileira da lista de eventos traumáticos ocupacionais para profissionais de emergências (LET-PE). Profissionais de emergências (n=30) participaram da etapa de investigação de equivalência semântica da escala. Trabalhadores vinculados e não vinculados a serviços de emergências (n=75) e bombeiros (n=184) participaram dos estudos acerca das características psicométricas. Foram realizados teste­reteste (Bland-Altman) e comparações entre os grupos (teste t de Student). Os itens foram considerados de fácil compreensão por representantes da população-alvo. As comparações entre trabalhadores vinculados e não vinculados a serviços de emergências e bombeiros com e sem sintomas de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-traumático (TEPT) mostraram que a escala apresenta evidências de validade relacionadas a critérios externos. Os coeficientes teste­reteste foram satisfatórios. A versão brasileira da lista de eventos é compreensível e psicometricamente adequada para mensuração da exposição a situações traumáticas em serviços de emergências. A LET-PE contribuirá para os estudos sobre trauma ocupacional no Brasil.(AU)

The aim of the present paper was to describe the adaptation process and psychometric characteristics of the Brazilian version of the occupational traumatic events checklist for emergency professionals (LET-PE). Emergency professionals (n=30) participated in the semantic equivalence scale study. Workers related and not related to emergency services (n=75) and firefighters (n=184) participated in studies about the psychometric characteristics. Test-retest (Blend-Altman) and comparisons between groups (Student's t test) were performed. The items were considered easy to understand by individuals of the target population. Group comparisons between professionals related and not related to emergency services and firefighters with and without Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms indicated that the scale shows validity evidences based on external criteria. Test-retest coefficients were satisfactory. Brazilian version of traumatic events checklist resulted in an understandable version and psychometrically suitable for measuring exposure to traumatic situations in emergency services. The LET-PE will contribute to studies on occupational trauma in Brazil.(AU)

El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso de adaptación y las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de la lista de eventos traumáticos en el trabajo para los profesionales de emergencia (LET-PE). Profesionales de la emergencia (n= 30) participaron en la etapa de obtención de equivalencia semántica. Trabajadores vinculados y no vinculadas a los servicios de emergencia (n=75) y bomberos (n=184) participaron en los estudios sobre las características psicométricas. Se realizaron análisis test-retest (Bland-Altman) y comparaciones entre los grupos (t de Student). La lista fue considerada fácil de entender por los representantes de la población. Las comparaciones entre trabajadores vinculados y no vinculados a los servicios de emergencia y bomberos con y sin síntomas de TEPT indicaron que la escala muestra evidencia de validez basada en criterios externos. Los coeficientes test-retest fueron satisfactorios. La versión brasileña de la lista de eventos es comprensible y psicométricamente adecuada para medir la exposición a situaciones traumáticas en los servicios de emergencia. El LET-PE contribuirá a las investigaciones sobre el trauma ocupacional en Brasil.(AU)

Analysis of effect of different training programs of pre hospital emergency treatment for highway traffic policemen / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective Through investigation and training in the knowledge and skills of pre hospital emergency treatment in Xuzhou highway traffic policemen,we explored a more targeted and more effective first-aid skills training program.Methods Based on our hospital emergency center 91 highway traffic policemen were randomly assigned to 3 first aid skills training groups,group 1 received theoretical training and operational training,group 2 was given the same theoretical training and operational training after DVD player,group 3 took the same method as that of group 2,besides,situational training was given to group 3.The emergency treatment technique was evaluated post training.Results After the training,the scores of 3 groups were different from each other,group 3 had the best results compared with group 1 and group 2.Conclusions The highway traffic policemen had poor emergency treatment knowledge.They should be trained with first aid knowledge and skills as well as cardiopulmonary resuscitation training.

Características ocupacionais e sociodemográficas relacionadas ao estresse percebido de policiais militares / Características ocupacionales y sociodemográficas relacionada con la percepción del estrés en policías militares / Occupational and sociodemographic characteristics in relation to the perception of stress in military policemen

Introdução: no Brasil, o trabalho policial é considerado um dos mais estressantes, não apenas pela natureza das atividades realizadas, que envolvem alto risco, mas também pela sobrecarga de trabalho e pelas relações internas à corporação, cuja organização se fundamenta em hierarquia rígida e disciplina militar. Existem fatores relacionados ao estado biológico de saúde que são decorrentes do estado psicológico, das pressões ambientais e dos recursos econômicos que predispõe o policial ao estresse. Objetivo: comparar a percepção de estresse em policiais militares considerando as características ocupacionais e sociodemográficas destes. Método: participaram do estudo 86 policiais militares homens com idade média de 35 (±8,3) anos lotados em um Batalhão de Florianópolis/SC, Brasil. Foram utilizados os questionários: "Questionário para caracterização", "Questionário de Classificação Socioeconômica ABEP/2008", "Questionário dos Estágios para Mudança de Comportamento para o Exercício Físico" e a "Escala de Estresse Percebido (EEP)". Utilizou-se de análise descritiva e inferencial, adotando-se α de 0,05 (p<0,05). Resultados: maiores médias de estresse percebido foram verificadas em policiais insuficientemente ativos, nos que possuíam até 35 anos de idade, nos que já passaram por algum evento traumático na carreira e nos que atuam na área operacional. Conclusão: os policiais com até 35 anos de idade, que sofreram algum evento traumático na carreira, insuficientemente ativos, atuantes na área operacional e com qualidade de sono ruim apresentaram maiores níveis de estresse percebido. O estresse está relacionado à saúde psicológica e física dos indivíduos e sendo assim, intervenções visando o controle e/ou prevenção do estresse em policiais militares devem ser implementadas pelos batalhões.

Introducción: en Brasil, el trabajo de los policías se considera uno de los que genera más estrés, no solo por la naturaleza de las actividades que involucran un alto riesgo, sino también por la sobrecarga de trabajo y por las relaciones internas a la corporación, cuya organización se fundamenta en la jerarquía rigurosa y en la disciplina militar. Existen factores relacionados al estado biológico de salud que provienen del estado psicológico, de las presiones ambientales y de los recursos económicos; dichos factores predisponen a los policías al estrés. Objetivo: comparar la percepción del estrés en policías militares a partir de las características ocupacionales y sociodemográficas. Métodos: se estudió una muestra de 86 policías militares, hombres, con edad media de 35 años (± 8,3) de un Batallón de la ciudad de Florianóplis, Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Se utilizaron la Encuesta de Caracterización, Encuesta de Caracterización socioeconómica ABEP/2008, Encuesta de las Etapas de Cambio de Comportamiento para el Ejercicio Físico y la Escala del Estrés Percibido (EEP). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo e inferencial y se adoptó α de 0,05 (p< 0,05). Resultados: los mayores niveles de estrés percibido se identificaron en policías insuficientemente activos, en aquellos que tenían hasta 35 años, en los que pasaron por algún evento traumático en la carrera, los que actúan en el área operacional y con una mala calidad de sueño. Conclusiones: el estrés se relaciona con la salud psicológica y física de los individuos; en este sentido, se hace necesario la implementación, por parte de los batallones, de intervenciones que busquen el control y/o la prevención del estrés de los policías, principalmente en los que se identificaron como más afectados.

Introduction: in Brazil, the police work is considered one of the most stressful lines of work, not only due to the nature of activities involving high risk, but also to the work overload and the internal relations of the corporation, whose organization is based on a rigid hierarchy and military discipline. There are factors related to the biological state of health that derive from the psychological state, the environmental pressures and the economical resources; such factors predispose police to stress. Objective: to compare the stress perception in military policemen according to the occupational and sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: eighty six male military policemen aged 35 (± 8.3) years as average, who worked in a battalion in Florianópolis/SC, Brazil, participated in the study. The "Questionário de caracterização", the "Questionário de Classificação Socioeconômica ABEP/2008", the "Questionário dos Estágios para Mudança de Comportamento para o Exercício Físico" and the "Escala de Estresse Percebido (EEP)" were used. Descriptive and inferential analysis was made with α of 0.05 (p< 0.05). Results: the highest levels of perceived stress were found for sedentary policemen, for the ones aged up to 35 years, the ones that had already experienced a traumatic event in their careers, those who work in operational area of police service and in those with poor sleeping quality. Conclusions: stress is related to psychological and physical health of the individuals and therefore, interventions targeting the control and/or prevention of stress in military policemen, mainly those classified as the most affected ones, must be implemented by the battalions.

Study of Pulmonary Function Tests of Traffic Policemen In Jammu Region.

The present study was carried out to assess the lung functions of traffic policemen in Jammu region. A cross sectional study was carried out among 100 traffic policemen and compared with healthy persons with the subgroup comparison among rural and urban areas. Lung function like FVC, FEV1 , FEV3,PEFR & MVV on computerized spirometry. The results revealed that all lung functions were lower than the healthy controls and differences were statistically marked in FVC,FEV1, ,PEFR. Intergroup comparison between rural and urban revealed that police personnel's posted in rural areas had better lung function than urban counterpart which varied among each other statistically significantly .(FVC -0.04,FEV1- 0.0003,FEV3-0.0001,MVV-0.003,PEFR-0.03). The traffic policemen exposed to air pollution have lower lung function than the healthy persons and those posted at rural areas have better lung function

Ideación suicida y factores asociados en un grupo de policías de pereira-colombia / Suicidal ideation and associated factors in a group of policemen from pereira, colombia

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar la ideación suicida en un grupo de policías de Pereira. Para ello se realizó una investigación cuantitativa con análisis transversal; se aplicó el cuestionario ISO 30, y una encuesta de caracterización en ciento treinta y siete policías. El 2,9% presentó ideación alta. Los mayores porcentajes de ideación alta se presentaron entre los que vivían solos -11,1% y los que tenían intento previo de suicidio 25,0%, aunque solo en los primeros se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p= 0,048 y rp 12,2). A pesar de encontrarse niveles de ideación inferiores a los hallados en población general, se recomienda que la institución fortalezca sus programas de intervención y acompañamiento.

The objective of this research was to identify the suicidal ideation in a group of policemen from Pereira. That is why it was conducted a cross-sectional analysis quantitative research; the ISO 30 questionnaire was given, and a survey of characterization in one hundred and thirtyseven policemen were given. Those who presented high ideation corresponded to 2.9%. The highest percentages of high ideation arose among those who lived alone, corresponded to 11.1% and those who had previous suicide attempt, corresponded to 25.0% suicide attempt, although a statistically significant association was found only in the former (p= 0,048 and rp 12.2). Despite having found ideation levels lower than those in the general population, it is recommended that the institution strengthened its intervention and support programs.

Envelhecimento e aposentadoria por policiais rodoviários / Aging and retirement in the view of highway policemen

Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo a análise dos significados do envelhecimento e aposentadoria configurados por Policiais Rodoviários em fase de aposentadoria. Participaram deste estudo 13 policiais, com faixa etária entre 40 e 69 anos de idade. Foram aplicados questionários sociodemográficos e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo temática com auxílio do sistema ALCESTE de análise de dados textuais, tendo-se como referência conceitual a configuração psico-sócio-histórica do ser humano e sociedade. Resultados: os significados do envelhecimento e aposentadoria configuraram-se entre exclusão e adoecimento, com 30,5% das UCEs (Unidades de Contextos Elementares), e liberdade e projeto de vida, com 69,43% das UCEs. Concluiu-se que os policiais rodoviários elaboram significados objetivados na necessidade de um olhar mais voltado para o momento da aposentadoria, acreditam na sua participação ativa nesse processo, criando novos projetos de vida em busca da felicidade.

This research has as objective the analysis of the meaning of aging and retirement configured by Highway Policemen in retirement phase. Thirteen policemen, between 40 and 69 years old, took part of this study. It was applied socio-demographic questionnaires and semi-structures interviews. It was used the thematic content analysis, with the support of the ALCESTE system of textual data analysis, taking as conceptual reference the psycho-socio-historical configuration of the human being and the society. Results: the meanings of aging and retirement configure themselves between disease and exclusion with 30,5% of the ECU's (Elementary Contextual Units) and freedom and project of life with 69,43% of the ECU's. It was concluded that the highway policemen elaborate meanings objectified in the need of a more involved look to the time the retirement, they believe in their active participation in this process, creating new projects of life in the pursuit of happiness.