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1.
Rev. Fac. Med. UNAM ; 60(1): 23-27, ene.-feb. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-896840

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La isquemia mesenterica se clasifica, según su etiología, en: embolismo arterial, trombosis arterial patologías no oclusivas y trombosis venosa mesenterica (TVM), que es la causa de laparotomía exploradora en 1 de cada 1000 pacientes con síndrome abdominal agudo. Es más común entre la quinta y la sexta décadas de la vida. Caso clínico: Masculino de 31 años de edad, afroamericano, sin antecedentes médicos. Con dolor abdominal generalizado de 72 horas de evolución. Con signos positivos de irritación peritoneal. La tomografia con defecto de llenado en vena mesenterica superior, vena esplénica y vena porta. Se realizó laparotomía de urgencia que requirió resección intestinal por necrosis de yeyuno. Se realizaron estudios hematológicos, oncológicos y autoinmunes sin hallazgos positivos. Discusión: Latrombosis venosa por lo regulares secundaria a síndromes de hipercoagulabilidad o neoplasias. La presentación clínica es inespecífica. En cuanto a los estudios de imagen que se pueden solicitar: ultrasonido, tomografia o resonancia magnética y angiografia percutánea con catéter. Las principales opciones terapéuticas para la isquemia mesenterica aguda son: el tratamiento endovascular, la revascularización quirúrgica, la anticoagulación y laparotomía exploradora en caso de complicaciones viscerales. Conclusión: Aunque es una patología poco frecuente, el médico debe estar familiarizado con su fisiopatologia, diagnóstico y las principales alternativas terapéuticas que hay para ella.


Abstract Background: Four common causes of mesenteric ischemia identified: arterial embolism, arterial thrombosis, non-occlusive pathologies and mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT). MVT is an uncommon cause of acute abdominal pain and accounts for 1 in 1000 emergency surgical laparotomies for acute abdomen. Case Presentation: A 31 year old male, previously healthy, with 72 hour history of generalized abdominal pain on examination with signs of peritonitis. He underwent a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis, which demonstrated thrombosis of the portal, splenic and superior mesenteric veins. A laparotomy was performed, we found jejunal necrosis and a bowel resection was required. Hematologic, oncologic and autoimmune studies were performed and all of them were negative. Discussion: Venous thrombosis is almost always secondary to other pathologies. The principle ones are: hypercoagulability and occult neoplasia. The clinical presentation is non-specific. To make a diagnosis one can use: a Doppler ultrasound, a CT angiography, a magnetic resonance and a catheter angiography. The available treatments for acute mesenteric ischemia are: endovascular procedures, bypass surgery, anticoagulation and a laparotomy to treat visceral complications. Conclusion: Even if this is an uncommon pathology, physicians need to be aware of pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia.

2.
Perinatol. reprod. hum ; 28(1): 45-48, ene.-mar. 2014. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-717290

ABSTRACT

La onfalopileflebitis es la inflamación conjunta con trombosis séptica de la vena porta o de alguna de sus tributarias. Ésta se presenta como una complicación de la colocación del un catéter umbilical. El diagnóstico es difícil, debido a lo inespecífico del cuadro; los hallazgos de este padecimiento suelen realizarse durante una intervención quirúrgica o en forma incidental mediante estudios de imagen o estudios anatomopatológicos. Se reporta el caso de un neonato que tuvo un desenlace fatal por esta entidad con formación de absceso hepático, el cual requirió de un drenaje quirúrgico abierto y antibioticoterapia. Se discutió su condición rara y no comunicada, además de sus características etiopatogénicas, clínicas, diagnósticas y terapéuticas.


Omphalopylephlebitis is the inflammation with septic thrombosis of the portal vein or one of its tributaries as a complication of umbilical catheter placement. Diagnosis is difficult because of non specific findings of the picture and are usually performed during a surgery, or incidentally by imaging studies or pathology. We report the case of a newborn with fatal outcome for this entity with liver abscess formation which required open surgical drainage and antibiotic therapy. We discuss rare condition, besides unreported etiopathogenic characteristics, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic.

3.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 24(supl.1): S60-S63, 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-763723

ABSTRACT

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a common complication ocurring in cirrhotic patients, mainly in unstable patients. The decrease of the portal vein flow (< 15 cm/sec) is the only independent factor related to the development of PVT. It has been well demonstrated that the polymorphism G202210A of prothrombin gene and mutation TT677 of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase are significantly more frequent in cirrhotic patients with PVT, increasing the risk in more than 5 times. For this reason, the assessment of thrombophilia is always recommended. The clinical manifestations are diverse; from asymptomatic patients (43 percent) up to intestinal infarction. PVT diagnosis depends on imaging studies including Doppler ultrasonography as a first line, and computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to confirm the diagnosis and evaluate the extension of the disease. The use of anticoagulant therapy has not yet clearly been established for cirrhotic patients, but it seems to be safe and effective. Patients who are candidates to liver transplantation and in patients with demonstrated thrombophilia should be treated life-long.


La trombosis portal (TP) es un evento frecuente en pacientes cirróticos, principalmente en pacientes descompensados. La disminución del flujo portal (< 15 cm/ seg) es la única variable independiente asociada a desarrollo de TP. Se ha demostrado que el polimorfismo TT677 de la metiltetrahidrofolato reductasa y el polimorfismo G20210A en el gen de la protrombina son significativamente más frecuentes en los pacientes cirróticos que presentan TP, aumentando el riesgo de TP en más de cinco veces; por lo que se sugiere siempre el estudio de trombofilia. La forma de presentación es variable: asintomáticos (43 por ciento) hasta infarto intestinal. La técnica diagnóstica de primera línea es la ecografía doppler, utilizando tomografía computada (TC) o resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) para confirmarla y evaluar la extensión. El uso de anticoagulantes no está normado en pacientes cirróticos, pero parece ser seguro y eficaz. Éste debe ser recomendado a permanencia en pacientes en lista de trasplante hepático y en pacientes con hallazgo de trombofilia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Portal Vein , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Venous Thrombosis/drug therapy , Patient Selection
4.
GEN ; 64(4): 353-355, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664523

ABSTRACT

La trombosis venosa portal es una oclusión de la misma por un coágulo y/o trombo; o por otras causas como cirrosis, cáncer de hígado, páncreas o estómago. Afecta únicamente al tronco portal. En ausencia de un tumor maligno que invada o comprima el eje esplenoportal, la trombosis es el mecanismo etiopatogénico más frecuente que ocasiona la obstrucción venosa. Según las series estudiadas en un 7%-22% de los pacientes con trombosis portal no se identifica una condición protrombótica (trombosis portal idiopática). No obstante, en el resto de ocasiones en un 40% de casos existe un factor local desencadenante y en un 60% de casos restantes factores trombogénicos sistémicos. En más de un 15 % de estos pacientes coexisten factores etiológicos múltiples. Las consecuencias clínicas de la trombosis venosa del eje esplenoportal dependen del momento evolutivo en el que se encuentre ésta, pero también de la extensión del trombo. La principal manifestación suele ser el dolor abdominal, con frecuencia irradiado a espalda. Pueden aparecer síntomas inespecíficos como fiebre sin foco conocido, síntomas dispépticos (náuseas y plenitud postprandial) y malestar general. Los parámetros de función hepática, albúmina y tiempo de protrombina muestran mínimas alteraciones. En este trabajo quisimos exponer 4 casos de pacientes de nuestro centro a los cuales se les realizó el diagnóstico de trombosis de la vena porta, con edades comprendidas entre 30-60 años, con predominio del sexo masculino, y quienes han cumplido regularmente su tratamiento no presentando complicaciones durante su evolución, manteniéndose estables en su control entre 2003 y 2009...


Portal vein thrombosis is its occlusion by a clot and/or thrombus, or by other causes such as cirrhosis, cancer of liver, pancreas or stomach. It affects the portal trunk only. Whenever a malignant tumor invading or compressing the splenoportal axis is not present, thrombosis is the most frequent ethiopathogenetic mechanism causing vein obstruction. According to the studied series, in 7-22% of patients with portal thrombosis no prothrombotic condition (idiopathic portal thrombosis) is identified. However, in 40% of the remaining cases there is a local triggering factor, and the other 60% shows systemic thrombogenetic factors. Multiple etiologic factors coexist in over 15% of said patients. The clinical consequences of the splenoportal axis vein thrombosis depend on the evolution momentum where the thrombosis is found, and also on the thrombus’ dimension. Abdominal pain could be the main manifestation, frequently irradiated to the back. Non-specific symptoms could appear, such as fever of unknown origin, dyspeptic symptoms (nausea and postprandial fullness), and general malaise. The parameters of hepatic function, albumin, and of prothrombin time show minimal changes. In this study the cases of 4 patients of this health center were exposed; said patients were diagnosed with portal vein thrombosis and were of ages ranging 30-60, male-sex prevalence, who regularly followed their treatment and did not present complication in their evolution, staying stable in their 2003 and 2009 control...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Gastric Outlet Obstruction/complications , Gastric Outlet Obstruction/pathology , Venous Thrombosis/diagnosis , Portal Vein/injuries , Gastroenterology
5.
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society ; : S37-S40, 2010.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-25806

ABSTRACT

Intestinal malrotation with volvulus is generally presented as a bilious vomiting and acute intestinal obstruction in the newborn period. It could compromise vascular supply of the small bowel secondary to torsion of superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and without urgent surgical management, it could lead to detrimental outcomes such as transmural bowel infarction and sepsis. However, in chronic cases, it is rarely obstructs the vascular supply and propagates to an acute bowel infarction. Rarely, chronic malrotation with midgut volvulus may not reduce the mesenteric blood supply because of collateral vessels, and the chronically stagnated blood flow of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) favors thrombus formation within the lumen. The recommended treatment is Ladd's procedure and anticoagulation therapy. The authors present an unusual case of intestinal malrotation with chronic volvulus resulting in superior mesenteric vein and portal vein thrombosis in a 28-year-old patient.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infarction , Intestinal Obstruction , Intestinal Volvulus , Mesenteric Artery, Superior , Mesenteric Veins , Portal Vein , Sepsis , Thrombosis , Vomiting
6.
Indian J Pediatr ; 2009 Dec; 76(12): 1268-1269
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-142457

ABSTRACT

We report a male neonate who had liver abscess that resolved with intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage. However, the child developed complete thrombosis of portal vein with cavernous formation within 16 days of therapy and portal hypertension subsequently. The child is now 2½ years and has extra hepatic portal hypertension but is otherwise asymptomatic.


Subject(s)
Continuity of Patient Care , Humans , Hypertension, Portal/etiology , Hypertension, Portal/diagnostic imaging , Infant, Newborn , Liver Abscess/complications , Male , Portal Vein , Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color , Venous Thrombosis/etiology , Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging
7.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 17(3): 354-360, jul.-sept. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-460448

ABSTRACT

Se presenta un caso clínico de una asociación infrecuente de Neumatosis intestinal con gas en vena porta y trombosis portal. Mujer de 37 años quien presenta cuadro de distensión y dolor abdominal de cuadro días de evolución. A su ingreso se encuentra afebril con presión arterial de 120/70. A su examen físico destaca sólo sensibilidad abdominal. Se realiza tomografía computada de abdomen y pelvis que muestra presencia de imágenes quísticas con gas en pared de colon ascendente, aire en sistema venoso portal y trombosis en rama de la vena porta. Se inicia tratamiento con antibióticos y oxígeno.La paciente evoluciona en forma favorable siendo dada de alta 11 días después de su ingreso. Varios estudios han mostrado que la Neumatosis intestinal aislada o con gas en la vena porta puede estar asociada a diferentes condiciones clínicas, sin embargo, la asociación de Neumatosis intestinal, gas y trombosis portal es un hallazgo infrecuente.


We report a rare condition of Pneumatosis intestinalis with hepatic portal venous gas associated to portal thrombosis. A 37 years old female presented with abdominal pain andbloating from four days before admission. Blood pressure was 120/70 and body temperature normal. Physical examination revealed only abdominal tenderness. CT scan showed intestinalgas-filled cysts, air in portal venous system and thrombosis at portal vein branches. Treatment with oxygen and antibiotic therapy was followed by a clinical improvement and patient was discharged after 11 days. Several studies have reported Pneumatosis intestinalis alone and with Hepatic portal venous gas in different pathological conditions. HoweverPneumatosis intestinalis with hepatic portal venous gas associated with portal thrombosis is a unusual condition.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Embolism, Air/complications , Embolism, Air , Hepatic Veins , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis/complications , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis , Portal Vein , Thrombosis/complications , Thrombosis , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Embolism, Air/therapy , Gases , Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis/therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment Outcome
8.
Chinese Journal of General Surgery ; (12)1997.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-673465

ABSTRACT

Objective To investigate an effective method of treating primary hepatic cancer(PHC) with portal venous tumor thrombosis (PVTT). Methods The clinical data Of 23 patients with PHC and PVTT were retrospectivly analysed. Results Of the 23 patieats after hepatoma resection and PVTT extraction, continuous micro dose infusion chemotherapy or perfusion chemotherapy by DDS was adopted. In 8 patients with main portal vein tumor thrombus, 2 died, 4 recured in 6 months. In 8 patients with the first class branch of portal vein tumor thrombus, 2 recurrd in 6 months and 6 recurred in 12 months. In 4 patients with secondary class branch of portal vein tumor thrombus, l recurred in 12 months (P

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