Management analysis of neurosurgery residency training bases in different types of hospitals of Guangdong Province / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To comprehensively understand the operational status and existing problems of the neurosurgery professional training bases for standardized residency training in Guangdong Province.Methods:According to the scoring rules of "Standardized Residency Training Evaluation Indicators—Surgery (Neurosurgery) Professional Base" formulated by the Post-Graduation Medical Education Neurosurgery Professional Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, 28 training bases were supervised and evaluated. The scoring results of the supervision of 28 neurosurgery training bases were collected, and the training bases were divided into two categories according to the traditional teaching history, 6 affiliated hospitals of traditional medical schools and 22 non-traditional affiliated/teaching hospitals. GraphPad 5.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the 14 core indicators, and t-test, variance analysis and Chi-square test were used for analysis. Results:The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the compliance rate of 14 core indicators between traditional teaching hospitals and non-traditional teaching hospitals ( P = 0.003), skill operation and type and number of surgeries ( P = 0.041) and student rotation plan ( P = 0.012). The differences were also statistically significant. Conclusion:This study reveals that the comprehensive management ability of training bases in traditional teaching hospitals is significantly better than that in non-traditional teaching hospitals. Additionally, it's suggested to strengthen the construction of professional bases, enhance the institutionalized management of bases, and thus realize the homogenization training of neurosurgery residents.

Análise bibliométrica de teses e dissertações brasileiras sobre travestilidade, transexualidade e saúde / Bibliometric analysis of Brazilian theses and dissertations on transvestite, transsexuality and health / Análisis bibliométrica de tesis y disertaciones brasileñas sobre travestilidad, transexualidad y salud

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar o perfil das teses e dissertações sobre travestilidade, transexualidade e saúde nos Programas de Pós-Graduação stricto sensu do Brasil, por meio de um estudo fundamentado no referencial teórico-metodológico da análise bibliométrica. Os 65 trabalhos selecionados foram extraídos do Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. Constata-se que a maioria das produções são dissertações (82%) advindas dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva (27%) e de Instituições Federais de Educação Superior (65%), localizadas nas regiões Sul e Sudeste (70%). A abordagem qualitativa foi a mais utilizada (82%) e o processo transexualizador no Sistema Único de Saúde foi o tema predominante (35%). O estudo revelou que as teses e dissertações brasileiras sobre a tríade travestilidade-transexualidade-saúde estão em ascensão nos últimos vinte anos, com diminuição no enfoque no adoecimento das travestis e de transexuais e aumento do foco nos aspectos sociais, organizacionais e políticos que interferem no acesso dessas pessoas aos serviços de saúde. Ainda assim, é preciso expandir as pesquisas sobre a temática para as demais regiões do país, impactando positivamente na produção científica e em um sistema de saúde mais equânime e universal.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of theses and dissertations on transvestite, transsexuality and health in the stricto sensu Post-Graduate Programs in Brazil, through a study based on the theoretical-methodological framework of bibliometric analysis. The 65 selected works were extracted from the Theses and Dissertations Catalog of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel and the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations. It appears that most of the productions are dissertations (82%) coming from the Graduate Programs in Collective Health (27%) and from Federal Institutions of Higher Education (65%), located in the South and Southeast (70%). The qualitative approach was the most used (82%) and the transsexualizing process in the Unified Health System was the predominant theme (35%). The study revealed that Brazilian theses and dissertations on the transvestite-transsexuality-health triad have been on the rise in the last twenty years, with a decrease in the focus on the illness of transvestites and transsexuals and an increased focus on the social, organizational and political aspects that interfere in the access of these people to health services. Even so, it is necessary to expand research on the theme to other regions of the country, positively impacting scientific production and a more equitable and universal health system.

Resumen Se tuvo como objetivo analizar el perfil de las tesis y disertaciones sobre travestilidad, transexualidad y salud en los Programas de Posgrado stricto sensu de Brasil, por medio de un estudio fundamentado en lo referencial teórico-metodológico del análisis bibliométrico. Los 65 trabajos seleccionados se extrajeron del Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento del Personal de Nivel Superior y de la Biblioteca Digital Brasileña de Tesis y Disertaciones. Se constata que la mayoría de las producciones son disertaciones (82%) que tienen lugar en los Programas de Posgrado en salud Colectiva (27%) y en Instituciones Federales de Educación Superior (65%), localizadas en las regiones Sur y Sureste (70%). El abordaje cualitativo fue el más utilizado (82%) y el proceso transexualizador en el Sistema Único de Salud fue el tema predominante (35%). El estudio reveló que las tesis y disertaciones brasileñas sobre la tríada travestilidad-transexualidad-salud están en ascensión en los últimos veinte años, y se nota una disminución en el enfoque sobre las enfermedades de las travestis y de transexuales y el aumento del enfoque en los aspectos sociales, organizacionales y políticos que interfieren en el acceso de esas personas a los servicios de salud. Aún así, es necesario expandir las investigaciones sobre la temática para las demás regiones del país, impactando positivamente en la producción científica y en un sistema de salud más ecuánime y universal.

Investigation on the satisfaction degree of the combination training mode for the professional mas-ter's degree of clinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To discuss the views and significance of the "parallel" training mode, and provide a reference for the smooth development of the graduate students' standardized training work. Methods The self-designed questionnaire included rotation/training, clinical skills, scientific research, supporting conditions, and the rationality and prospect of the integrated training mode. We chose the graduate students of professional type classes of Grade 2014 and 2015 in a university affiliated hospital of Kunming, in a secret-based manner , and questionnaires were distributed and collected by stratified sampling and random sampling according to the proportion of 50％ of the total number of them. Excel database was used for data processing and analysis. Results A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed and 167 were recovered with an effective recovery rate of 83.5％. The research items involved in the investigation of the students that were more satisfied with the project were as follows:methods of integrated training mode being more reasonable (85.0％, n=142), improving clinical comprehensive ability (83.2％, n=139), accelerating the development of high-level clinical talents (67.7％, n=113), conducive to unify the clinical practice standards (55.1％, n=92), conducive to employment (48.5％, n=81), saving medical resources (44.3％, n=78). Meanwhile, the survey found that graduate students were not satisfied with the following items: research time (88.0％, n=147), arrangements for plans of rotate conversion (65.8％, n=110), monthly income (89.8％, n=150). Conclusion The integrated training mode can accelerate the development of high-level clinical talents, save medical resources, further improve the medical education system and better improve the clinical com-prehensive ability of medical students. However, it still needs to be further improved in terms of the arrange-ments for plans of rotate conversion of clinical departments, cultivation of scientific research ability, and salary, etc.

Estudo das estruturas curriculares com foco na relação teoria-prática de três Cursos de Mestrado Profissional em Saúde Coletiva no Brasil

O estudo tem por objetivo a análise das estruturas curriculares com foco na relação teoria prática de três cursos de mestrado profissional em saúde coletiva no Brasil, discutindo as abordagens de formação e seu direcionamento às demandas dos serviços de saúde.Orientado pelos referenciais da sociologia da educação, educação crítica e acreditação pedagógica, a pesquisa visou à qualidade de aproximação e diálogo entre academia e serviços de saúde, à problematização e à interdisciplinaridade. Empregando a abordagem qualitativa, o estudo analisou a experiência de docentes e coordenadores de três cursos de mestrado profissional avaliados ao longo dos últimos dez anos pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento do Ensino Superior, com análise documental da legislação pertinente e propostas de cursos, e entrevistas. A análise de conteúdo permitiu relacionar os termos mais recorrentes dos dados da pesquisa com as hipóteses do estudo. Como principais achados, verifica-se que apesar de haver uma intencionalidade de maior articulação academia contexto profissional, não foram apresentadas novas abordagens no processo de ensino aprendizagem para que esta articulação acontecesse regularmente e embasada num referencial teórico metodológico próprio. Não foram observadas estratégias de avaliação qualitativa e processual para os cursos de mestrado profissional. Conclui-se que, a potencialidade do mestrado profissional funcionar de forma mais aplicada depende de uma organização curricular em função do perfil e necessidades do público a ser atendido, associada às áreas de conhecimento e expertise das instituições de ensino formadoras, com vistas a um retorno mais objetivo aos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde.

The aim of this study is to analyze the curricular structures of three courses ofprofessional masters of public health in Brazil, with a focus on the relationship betweentheory and practice, by discussing the training approaches offered, and how they cater to thedemands of health services. Guided by references in sociology of education, critical educationand pedagogical accreditation, this research aimed at the quality, problematization, andinterdisciplinarity of the approaches and dialogue between academia and health services.Using qualitative methods, the study examined the experience of teachers and coordinators ofthree professional masters programs that have been evaluated over the last ten years by theCoordination of Improvement of Higher Education, using documentary analysis of therelevant legislation and course proposals, in addition to interviews. The content analysisallowed us to relate the most recurrent terms of the research data to the hypothesis of thestudy. The main findings are that despite the intentionality of a greater articulation betweenprofessional academia and non-academic settings, no new approaches were introduced in theteaching-learning process in order for this articulation to take place regularly with its ownspecific theoretical-methodological framework. A qualitative and procedural evaluationstrategy for professional master’s programs was not found. The study concluded that thepotential of professional masters to function in a more applied way in the practical fielddepends on a curricular reorganization according to the profile and needs of the target public,in conjunction with the areas of knowledge and expertise of the training institutions, so as toobtain a more objective result from the services of the Unified Health System.Keywords: post-graduate education; masters.

Entornos virtuales en la enseñanza superior de enfermería. Nuestra Experiencia / Blended learning in postgraduate education for nurses. Our experience

El objetivo de este estudio fue implementar los entornos virtuales (blended learning) en la enseñanza superior de enfermería y describir la adherencia de los alumnos de la cátedra de administración en enfermería a las nuevas estrategias didácticas. Material y Método: trabajo retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional. Se reviso la base del Centro de innovación tecnología y pedagogía de la UBA (CITEP) de 210 alumnos inscriptos en la cátedra de administración en enfermería distribuidos en 3 comisiones desde marzo a diciembre del 2015. Se describieron los datos sociodemográficos, las experiencias previas en entornos virtuales, articulación de los contenidos (áulicos con los virtuales) y la Organización de la enseñanza. Resultados: La población estudiada 210 usuarios estuvo representada por sexo femenino 80% y 20% masculino. La Edad media fue de 28 años con un rango entre 20-48 años, la edad no constituyó una variable asociada a la no adherencia de los entornos virtuales en un 96% de los usuarios. El 55% n: 114 de los alumnos manifestó trabajar, el trabajo asociado a ámbitos de la salud estuvo presente en un 21% y el 33% manifestó trabajar en ámbitos fuera de la salud. El 63% de los usuarios tuvo alguna experiencia previa con los entornos virtuales durante el desarrollo de la carrera de Enfermería. El 86% de la población en estudio N:(180) refirió que la articulación de los contenidos áulicos con los virtuales les resulto practico N: (136) y muy práctico N: (44). El 90% N: (189) de los usuarios refirió que los contenido ofrecidos por los docentes en la plataforma virtual fueron útiles y muy útiles. El 63% N: (132) de la población incorporó el uso de la plataforma blended learning como herramienta pedagógica para el desarrollo del proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. El 83% de los alumnos recomendaron el espacio virtual a sus compañeros. Se observa el beneficio de las Estrategias didácticas innovadoras en la enseñanza superior de enfermería a través de los espacios virtuales blended learning (AU)

The aim of this study was to develop an online learning environment (blended learning) in postgraduate education for nurses and to describe adherence to the new teaching strategies of the pupils of the course of management in nursing. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, descriptive, observational study was conducted. The data base of the Center for Innovative Technology and Educational Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires (CITEP) of 210 pupils enrolled in the course of management in nursing distributed over 3 classes from March to December 2015 was reviewed. Sociodemographic data, previous experience with online education, content coordination (between face-to-face classroom practices and computer-mediated activities), and the organization of education were evaluated. Results: The study population consisted of 210 pupils of whom 80% were female and 20% male. Mean age was 28 years with a range from 20 to 48 years. The variable of age was not associated with nonadherence to the on-line education in 96% of the users. Overall, 55% N: 114 of the pupils reported to be currently working; 21% was working in health-care-related areas, and 33% was working in areas not related to health care. Of all users, 63% had some previous experience with on-line education during their nursing studies. Of the study population 86% N:(180) considered the content coordination between classroom practices and on-line activities practical N: (136) and very practical N: (44).Overall, 90% N: (189)of the users reported the contents offered by the teachers in the on-line platform to be useful and very useful; 63% N: (132) of the population incorporated the blended learning platform as an educational tool for the development of the learning process. Of all pupils, 83% recommended the on-line education to their colleagues. A clear benefit of the innovating teaching strategies in post-graduate courses in nursing through on-line blended learning was observed (AU)

Nursing Doctorates in Brazil: research formation and theses production / Doutorado em Enfermagem no Brasil: formação em pesquisa e produção de teses / Doctorado en Enfermería en Brasil: formación en investigación y producción de tesis

to analyze the formation of nursing doctorates in Brazil, from theses production, disciplines and other strategies focusing on research offered by courses.

analisar a formação dos doutores em enfermagem no Brasil, a partir da produção de teses, das disciplinas e outras estratégias com foco em pesquisa oferecidas pelos cursos.

analizar la formación de doctores en enfermería en Brasil, a partir de la producción de tesis, de disciplinas y otras estrategias centradas en la investigación que ofrecidas por los cursos.

Professional master and its challenges / Mestrado profissional e seus desafios

Objective: To describe the history, origin, objectives, characteristics, implications, the questions of the evaluation form and some examples of the Professional Masters (MP), to differentiate the Academic Master, and identify the challenges for the next quadrennial assessment. Methods: The CAPES site on Professional Masters and documents and meeting area of ​​reports from 2004 to 2013 of Medicine III were read as well as the reports and the sub-page of the area in Capes site. The data relating to the evaluation process and the Scoreboard of the other areas were computed and analyzed. From these data it was detected the challenges of Medicine III for the next four years (2013-2016). Results: The creation of the Professional Master is very recent in Medicine III and no Professional Master of Medicine III course was evaluated yet. Were described the objectives, assumptions, characteristics, motivations, the possibilities, the feasibility, the profile of the students, the faculty, the curriculum, funding, intellectual production, social inclusion, the general requirements of Ordinance No. 193/2011 CAPES and some examples of proposals, technological lines of scientific activities, partnerships and counterparties. The evaluation form of the MP was discussed, the need for social, economic and political intellectual production and the differences with the MA. It was also reported the global importance of the MP and its evolution in Brazil. From the understanding of the MP, Medicine III outlined some challenges and goals to be developed in the 2013-2016 quadrennium. Conclusion: Medicine III understood the MP as a new technological scientific horizon within the strict sensu post-graduate and full consistency with the area.

Objetivo: Descrever o histórico, a origem, os objetivos, as características, as implicações, os quesitos da ficha de avaliação e alguns exemplos do Mestrado Profissional (MP), sua diferenciação com o Mestrado Acadêmico, e detectar os desafios para o próximo quadriênio de avaliação. Métodos: O site da CAPES sobre Mestrado Profissional e os documentos e relatórios de reuniões de área a partir de 2004 até 2013 da Medicina III foram lidos assim como os relatórios e a subpágina da área no site da Capes. Os dados referentes ao Processo de Avaliação e à Ficha de Avaliação das outras áreas foram computados e analisados. A partir desses dados foram detectados os desafios da Medicina III para o próximo quadriênio (2013-2016). Resultados: A criação do Mestrado Profissional é muito recente na Medicina III e nenhum curso de Mestrado Profissional da Medicina III foi avaliado. Foram descritas a definição, os objetivos, as premissas, as características, as motivações, as possibilidades, a viabilidade, o perfil do alunado, do corpo docente, a estrutura curricular, o financiamento, a produção intelectual, a inserção social, os requisitos gerais da Portaria CAPES nº 193/2011 e alguns exemplos de propostas, linhas de atuação científico tecnológica, parcerias e contrapartidas. Foi discutida a ficha de avaliação do MP, a necessidade do impacto social, econômico e político da produção intelectual e as diferenças com o MA. Foi relatado também a importância mundial do MP e a sua evolução no Brasil. A partir do entendimento do MP, a Medicina III traçou alguns desafios e metas para serem desenvolvidas no quadriênio 2013-2016. Conclusão: A Medicina III entendeu o MP como um novo horizonte científico tecnológico dentro da pós-graduação stricto sensu e com total coerência com a área.

Integration on postgraduate cultivation model in biomedical engineering based on ‘combination of production-teaching-research, interdisciplinary of medicine-science-engineering, international horizon exploration’ / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper discussed on the innovative efforts of establishing production-teaching-research platform and multi-channel international cooperation model by Chongqing Medical University. Measures taken included offering theoretical courses across the first-level disciplines of medicine and engineering and encouraging research tasks that involve the cooperation among hospitals , businesses and universities, creating education environment for postgraduates combing medicine and engineering and launching the cultivation of biomedical engineering postgraduates. The aim of these measures was to incorporate the achievements of scientific research innovation into postgraduate education and to improve its quality.

Evaluation of a Difficult Airway Educational Intervention on Residents’ Performance of Endotracheal Intubation in the Emergency Department.

Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief educational intervention and a predictive difficult airway (DA) checklist on performance of emergency endotracheal intubation by residents. Place and Duration of Study: The Emergency Department (ED) of Interim Louisiana State University Public Hospital, the level one trauma center in New Orleans, from September 2006 to June 2010. Methodology: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients intubated in the ED during the study period. Demographic, physiologic and procedural data had been previously recorded on a worksheet immediately following each intubation. In July 2008, residents received a lecture on management strategies for the DA and participated in simulation exercises based on DA scenarios. A detailed checklist of DA predictors was added to the standard intubation form, and completed by the resident prior to each intubation. Procedural outcomes were compared for number of attempts, time to successful intubation, faculty involvement and use of adjunct devices for the pre-and post-intervention periods using generalized estimating equations and z statistics. Results: There were 266 intubations in the pre-intervention period and 373 in the postintervention period. 50.3% of post-intervention intubations met criteria for DA. Time to successful intubation did not vary between the two groups (11.6 minutes pre; 10.8 post, P=0.30). There was no significant difference in the number of attempts (1.4 pre; 1.3 post, P =0.44) or faculty interventions (1.5 v. 3.75%) or the number of successful intubations that were assisted by adjuncts (P =0.22). Success on the second attempt was more likely if an adjunct was used (P =0.24). Conclusion: A brief DA educational module and the application of a standard preintubation checklist resulted in few appreciable changes in EM resident intubations. Further research is needed to more clearly define the relationship between DA education and resident intubation performance.

Pós-graduação Stricto Sensu em Enfermagem no Brasil: avanços e perspectivas / The Strict Sense Nursing postgraduation in Brazil: advances and perspectives / El postgrado Stricto Sensu en Enfermería en Brasil: avances y perspectivas

A Enfermagem é campo de conhecimento específico e prática social que se consolida e se fortalece como ciência. No Brasil, tem se desenvolvido em função do aumento e qualificação dos programas de pós-graduação stricto sensu. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um resgate histórico da Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu de Enfermagem no Brasil e refletir sobre sua evolução, avanços, desafios e perspectivas futuras. Explora-se a criação dos cursos de pós-graduação stricto sensu, destacando os movimentos para se construir a cultura da pós-graduação acadêmica e profissional na Enfermagem. Apresenta-se a trajetória histórica da sua consolidação, expansão, conquista da excelência e visibilidade internacional ao longo de quatro décadas e apontam-se os desafios e as perspectivas futuras. Constata-se que a pós-graduação na área vem contribuindo para o avanço e consolidação do conhecimento científico, tecnológico e de inovação em Enfermagem e saúde, tendo como filosofia, o respeito à diversidade e o livre debate de ideias, a elevação da qualidade de vida e saúde e a efetivação do exercício da cidadania.

Nursing is a specific field of knowledge and social practice that has been consolidated and strengthened as science. In Brazil, it has been developed due to the increase and qualification of strict sense post-graduate programs. This study aims to present a historical review of the strict sense post-graduate nursing courses in Brazil and to reflect on their evolution, progress, challenges and future perspectives. It explores the creation of strict sense post-graduate courses, highlighting the movement to build a culture of academic and professional post-graduation in nursing. The historical path of their consolidation, expansion, conquest of excellence and international visibility over four decades, and the challenges and future perspectives are showed. It is found that the post-graduate programs in the field has contributed to the advancement and consolidation of scientific, technological knowledge and innovation in nursing and health care, having as philosophy the respect for diversity and the free exchange of ideas, the improvement of quality of life and health, and the effectiveness of citizenship.

La Enfermería es un campo específico de conocimiento y práctica social que se consolida y fortalece como ciencia. En Brasil, se ha desarrollado debido al aumento y cualificación de los programas de postgrado stricto sensu. Este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar una revisión histórica del Postgrado Stricto Sensu en Enfermería en Brasil y reflexionar sobre su evolución, progresos, desafíos y perspectivas futuras. Se explora la creación de cursos de postgrado stricto sensu, destacando el movimiento para construirse una cultura de posgrado académico y profesional en Enfermería. Se presenta la trayectoria histórica de su consolidación, expansión, conquista de la excelencia y visibilidad internacional a lo largo de cuatro décadas, y se señalan los desafíos y perspectivas futuras. Se constató que el postgrado en la área ha contribuido para el avance y consolidación del conocimiento científico, tecnológico y de innovación en Enfermería y salud, y teniendo como filosofía el respecto a la diversidad y el libre debate de ideas, el aumento de la calidad de vida y salud y la efectuación del ejercicio de la ciudadanía.

Teses e dissertações de enfermeiros sobre educação em enfermagem e saúde: um estudo bibliométrico / Theses and dissertations of nurses about education in nursing and health: a bibliometric study / Tesis de doctorado y de maestría de enfermeros sobre educación en enfermería y salud: un estudio bibliométrico

Objetivou-se descrever o panorama da produção científica em Educação na Enfermagem e na Saúde a partir dos resumos de teses e dissertações publicadas por enfermeiros no Brasil, entre os anos de 2001 a 2009. Trata-se de estudo bibliométrico, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram coletados nos Catálogos de Teses e Dissertações do CEPEn/ABEn. Após leitura dos resumos e sistematização do material, realizou-se análise estatística descritiva. Foram encontrados 4.101 estudos, sendo que 523 na temática de Educação. Destes, 67% eram dissertações e 33% eram teses, hegemonicamente produzidas em Programa de Pós-Graduação da Região Sudeste do Brasil. A representatividade da temática no contexto nacional é significativa e contribui para o avanço do conhecimento na área da Enfermagem, ainda que apresente desigualdades regionais no processo de produção desse conhecimento.

The study aimed to describe the panorama of Education in Nursing and Health from abstracts of theses and dissertations published by nurses in Brazil between the years 2001 to 2009. This is a bibliometric, descriptive and quantitative study. Data were collected in the "Catalogue of Theses and Dissertations" from CEPEn/ABEn. After reading the abstracts and systematization of the material, analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. It was reviewed 4.101 studies, 523 of them on the theme of education. From these, 67% were dissertations and 33% of them were theses, predominantly produced in the southeast of Brazil. One conclude that the representation of the theme in the national context is significant and contributes to the advancement of knowledge in the field of Nursing, even though there are regional differences in the production process of this area of knowledge.

El estudio objetivó describir el panorama de la producción científica en Educación en Enfermería y Salud de los resúmenes de tesis publicadas por enfermeras en Brasil entre los años 2001 a 2009. Realizó-se un estudio bibliométrico, descriptivo y cuantitativo. Los datos fueran colectados en los archivos "Catálogo de Tesis y Disertaciones" del CEPEn/ABEn. Después de la lectura de los resúmenes y su ordenación, el análisis se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva. Fueran identificados 4.101 estudios, de los cuales 523 en la temática de Educación en Enfermería y Salud. Entre los estudios, 67% eran de maestría y 33% de doctorado, producidos mayormente en los Programas de Post-grado de la región sudeste del Brasil. Se concluye que la temática tiene destaque a nivel nacional y contribuye al avance del conocimiento de la enfermería, aunque existan diferencias regionales en la producción del conocimiento.

La especialidad en Organización y Administración de Salud Pública y la Escuela Cubana de Salud Pública / The public health organization and management specialty and the National School of Public Health

Se realiza un recorrido histórico que abarca el desarrollo de la Escuela Cubana de Salud Pública, pasando por la etapa de la Escuela de Higienistas Cubanos con el Dr. Carlos J. Finlay al frente, hasta llegar al momento actual. Se destaca la negativa repercusión de la extinción de la especialidad de Organización y Administración de Salud Pública dentro de los estudios de posgrado en Cuba desde hace más de 20 años. Se hace hincapié en que hoy más que nunca en el Sistema Nacional de Salud de Cuba resulta imposible ignorar la necesidad de la existencia de la especialidad, surgida en la práctica y desarrollada desde hace más de 200 años, que si bien se ha llamado de diversos modos en el mundo, ha sido y es el diario quehacer de un sin número de profesionales que intentan dirigir sobre bases científicas las tareas propias de los sistemas de salud. Disponer de profesionales de la salud pública competentes es una prioridad absoluta para el buen desempeño y perfeccionamiento constante del Sistema Nacional de Salud y que en la consecución de este noble propósito, la especialidad de Organización y Administración de Salud Pública, una vez que surja de nuevo con este nombre o con otro, se consolide en el tiempo y cumpla su encargo social coherentemente, podrá ser de suma utilidad

A historical review covering the development of the Cuban School of Public Health, the stage of the Cuban School of Hygienists led by Dr. Carlos J. Finlay, and the present time was made. Emphasis was made on the negative impact of the elimination of the public health organization and management specialty from the graduate studies in Cuba for more than 20 years. It is stressed that today more than ever, it is not longer possible to ignore the need for this over 200 years-old specialty to be rescued; even though it has been called differently worldwide, it has been and it is the daily work of a number of professionals who attempt to lead the tasks inherent to the health systems on a scientific basis. The availability of competent professionals in public health is a priority for good performance and constant improvement of the national health systems, and to accomplish this, the public health organization and management specialty could be very useful, once it re-emerges under the same or a new name, becomes stronger and coherently fulfils its social task

Exploration on post-graduate education of clinical medicine / 中华医学科研管理杂志

The development of society raises demands for high-level talents,which requires high level post graduate education.The model of post graduate education is changing from research centered to professional skill centered.The research centered program has a long history and has gained consensus,while the professional skill program is still new.To address the social and economic needs,we explored the professional skill centered post graduate program and report our experience here.

Changes attained through the Palliative Care Education Program based on Cancer Control Act of Japan from the trainers' perspective

<b>Purpose</b>: The Palliative Care Education Program based on the Cancer Control Act has been held throughout Japan since 2008. The aim of this study is to identify changes attained through the program from the trainers' perspective. <b>Method</b>: The contents of the brain-storming sessions with the twelve trainers were qualitatively analyzed. <b>Results</b>: Six main categories of improvement were identified. These include: Reinforced cooperation; improved palliative care skills and knowledge; improved awareness of palliative care; improved understanding of the local palliative care resources; behavior modification of the participants; and development of in-hospital palliative care systems. <b>Conclusion</b>: Trainers recognized that holding the Palliative Care Education Program provides not only direct results such as greater knowledge and improved delivery of palliative care by physicians, but also indirect results such as enhanced cooperation and improved awareness of local palliative care resources.

Current problems with project management and learning materials of a palliative care education program for physicians based on the Cancer Control Act

<b>Background</b>: In order to improve physicians' competence of palliative care, the PEACE project, a palliative care education program for physicians based on the Cancer Control Act, has been conducted throughout the country since 2008. The effectiveness and limitations of the current project management techniques and learning materials have not been determined. This study aimed to explore current problems with the PEACE project and to seek corrective strategies. <b>Method</b>: A workshop was held with 36 participants who had finished PEACE faculty-development programs, and involved brain-storming with physicians. The results of brain-storming sessions were qualitatively analyzed. <b>Results</b>: Most problems identified related to the burden, to the host, of holding the faculty-development program workshop. In addition, some problems related specifically to the individual host site or community involved. <b>Conclusion</b>: One strategy to improve these problems is to incorporate e-Learning to both expand the program and reduce the burden on the host site. In addition, workshop materials could be improved to include additional modules and revised guidelines. Palliat Care Res 2011; 6(2): 143-149

Advice on Post Graduate Education / 中国康复理论与实践

@# With the increasing scale of graduate recruitment, the employment rate of post-graduates is becoming low. We are facing to some new problems during the post-graduate training course. This paper discussed several issues in the training of graduate students, such as foster self-confidence, team spirit and innovation.

Design of Educational Programs for Japanese Nurses Who Transfer Nursing Knowledge and Skill in Developing Countries / 国際保健医療

 Since the 1960s, Japanese nurses have been working as international nursing collaborators with or for the people in developing countries in order to promote health through transferring nursing knowledge and skill. However a number of nurses reported that they did not have enough competencies as international nursing collaborators. The objectives of this study were: a) to describe the experiences of Japanese international nursing collaborators whose mission was transferring nursing knowledge and skill and b) to determine their learning needs as international collaborators, and to design educational programs (graduate program) based on the results of survey. The participants of this study were twenty-seven nurses who had had an international collaborative mission and stayed in a developing country for more than one year. Semi-structured group or individual interviews were used in order to describe activities process and leaning needs as international collaborators. The interview data were analyzed using content analysis from the viewpoint of competency and learning needs. Nurses reported needs in two major areas: Fundamental Competences and Knowledge, and Required Competences for Development of International Collaborative Tasks. Fundamental Competences and Knowledge consisted of nine components: (1) cross-cultural experiences, (2) acceptance of cultural differences, (3) professional experience, (4) degree and qualifications, (5) philosophy of nursing, (6) language, (7) interdisciplinary knowledge for international cooperation activities, (8) knowledge about own project, and (9) knowledge on theories of international cooperation. Required Competences for Development of International Collaborative Tasks consisted of thirty components which were divided into four phases (personal competences, preparation and planning phase, implementation phase, and after project.) Based on the result of this survey the investigators designed the international nursing graduate program. The program has started from the academic year of 2005 at the investigators' college. The progress of students' learning and outcomes of these educational programs should be monitored using formative evaluation.

Awareness Survey toward Graduate (Doctors) Trained for Three to Five Years for Oriental Medicine / 日本東洋医学雑誌

An Oriental medicine awareness survey was performed with the doctors having graduated from Nara Medical University. The questionnaire was mailed to the doctors having trained there 3, 4 and 5 years after their graduation. The collection rate was 24.1%. The percentage of doctors with an interest in Oriental medicine was 83.0%. These doctors believed that Oriental medicine exerts a different efficacy from western medicine. In contrast, the doctors (17%) with no interest in Oriental medicine answered that they had little or no Oriental medicine knowledge and experience. Most doctors (89.8%) supposed that Oriental medicine will play a more important role in the future, and that Oriental medicine lectures and seminars are essential. It seems important, therefore, to give doctors more Oriental medicine instruction, to learn the basic theories, prescriptions, and diagnoses. Those doctors (93.2%) who answered in the affirmative said that they would make use of Oriental medicine in the future, presumably due to social trend.

Construction of national key disciplines and innovative of post-graduate education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper summarizes that to strengthen the construction of national key disciplines Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic and build professional post-graduate education platform for innovation,the exploration and practice of reform have been done in Chongqing Medical University,in the teaching ranks and exercise disciplinary research direction to enhance the level of scientific research and laboratory construction.

Discussion on the issues about specialist training work / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Specialist training is an important part of specialist system,which is pilot stage in our country.Quite a few key issues should be discussed deeply,including the leading role of the government,the management degree of the government,bases development,teachers training,assessment criteria,training generally or directed,training expenditure,and so on.