ABSTRACT
Background: Anoectochilusorchids have been widely used as medicine. However, it has been overharvested in nature because of high commercial values. This study aims at identifying distribution ranges and ecological characteristics of Anoectochilusorchids serving for sustainable development and describing traditional uses by ethnic people in Lai Chau Province, North Vietnam.Methods: Twenty-one plots of 100 m2each (10 m × 10 m) were established for ecological survey and stand structures were analyzed for vegetation characteristics. While interviewing was applied to gather information on harvesting method, marketing, and medicinal uses.Results: Three Anoectochilusorchids (A. lanceolatus, A.calcareus, and A. setaceus) were found in Lai Chau Province, North Vietnam. These species distribute in both evergreen old-growth and secondary broadleaved forests, and mixed broadleaf-bamboo forest on the elevations of 996–2,134 m. They grow in forests with a high canopy cover of 67 m2canopy area/ 100 m2land and high cover (> 90% land) of low vegetation (< 2 m tall). It is believed that using the whole plant of Anoectochiluscan treat hypertension and diabetes mellitus and improve the development of underdeveloped children. The folk uses include soaking in alcohol and boiled water for daily drinks like green tea, and consuming as a vegetable. The best harvesting season is during Autumn–Winter and fresh product is mainly marketed with the price of up to 100 U$D/1 kg fresh mass.Conclusion:A. lanceolatus, A.calcareusand A. setaceusare potential forest herbs for poverty reduction to ethnic communities in North Vietnam. The natural populations have been reduced remarkably because of overharvesting. Growing techniques are an urgent need for the conservation and sustainable development of such valuable orchids
ABSTRACT
Based on the data of “National Chinese Medicine Resources Census and Germplasm Sharing Data Special Service-Poverty Alleviation of Chinese Medicine Industry” and “Kangmei Chinese Medicine Network-Service Platform of Chinese Medicine Whole Industry Chain”, the information of traditional Chinese medicinal materials (TCMM) resources in poverty-stricken areas was collated and analyzed, the database of planting area and output value of Chinese medicine in poverty-stricken areas was constructed, and the species in poverty-stricken areas were plotted by ArcGIS software. The spatial distribution map of the situation of herbal medicine planting can discover and summarize the spatial pattern characteristics and development rules of poverty alleviation in Chinese herbal medicine industry. On this basis, by referring to the relevant reports of “China Poverty Reduction Database” and “Office of the Leading Group for Poverty Alleviation and Development of the State Council”, this paper comprehensively analyses the main factors affecting poverty alleviation in the traditional Chinese medicine industry, and puts forward corresponding suggestions, hoping to provide beneficial references for the extensive poverty alleviation work in poor areas.
ABSTRACT
Helping all rural people living below the poverty line shake off is the most difficult task to build a moderately prosperous society in all respects. Based on 2014 China Household Panel Data Survey, this paper evalu-ates the effects of catastrophic health expenditure ( CHE ) on poverty in the rural areas of China by calculating the CHE and households poverty incidences, the poor families’ proportions, and the poverty incidence due to CHE and other indicators. According to estimated results, we recommend that CHE households should be regarded as the main target population to be shaken off poverty in the rural areas by the national health department. In order to maximize the poverty reduction performance, it is necessary to take into account both the poverty alleviation accuracy and cov-erage while setting the CHE criteria.
ABSTRACT
The Government of Tanzania has gropingly urged an enterprise of development partnership between the host government and funding donor agencies by promoting structural reformation and reinforcement of the government administrative functions. While Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper was accepted and implemented since November, 2000, the Government of Tanzania has spearheaded a challenge of uniformity of development modalities through sector reformations, funding integration and good governance by leading other neighboring countries. Hence, issue prioritization, budgetary integration, executive standardization were intensively discussed by the Government of Tanzania and stakeholders throughout an innovative process of development partnership. <br>Simultaneously, Tanzania has released consecutive development plans such as "Tanzania Development Vision 2025", "Tanzania Assistance Strategy", "Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper" accompanied by the financial arrangement of "Public Expenditure Review" and Mid-term Expenditure Framework". These strategic development dispositions created an attractive environment for development partners to promote integrated financial assistant scheme.<br>According to the Health Sector Reform in the Government of Tanzania since 1994, a practical application of development partnership has been initiated and implemented by the induction of "Health Sector Basket Fund", which was introduced by the accord of several donor partners and international agencies. This pooling fund mechanism aims to integrate current scattered budgetary systems and to promote transparency, accountability and ownership of the finance in the Health Sector. Indeed, the sector-specific Basket Fund forwarded the decentralization process of the Health Sector Reform in light of evidence-oriented health interventions at the district and community levels. <br>In this paper, the present condition of the development partnership in the Health Sector of the Government of Tanzania is examined according to the background, adaptation, application, current considerations and future orientation of the development partnership.