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It has become an industry consensus that self-assembled nanoparticles (SAN) are formed by molecular recognition of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine during the decoction process. The insoluble components in the decoction are mostly in the form of nanoparticles, which can improve the problem of poor water solubility. However, the transfer rate of these insoluble components in the decoction is still very low, which limits the efficacy of the drug. This study aimed to refine the traditional decoction self-assembly phenomenon. The self-assembled nanoparticles were constructed by micro-precipitation method (MP-SAN), and characterized by particle size, zeta potential, stability index and morphology. The formation of MP-SAN and alterations in related physicochemical properties were evaluated using modern spectroscopic and thermal analysis techniques. The quality value transmitting pattern of lignan components within the MP-SAN was assessed via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The MP-SAN showed sphere-like structure with uniform morphology, particle size of (245.3 ± 3.2) nm, polydispersity index (PDI) of (0.13 ± 0.03), zeta potential of (-48.9 ± 5.9) mV and stability index (SI) of (86.05% ± 2.27%). Comprehensive analyses using ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and other techniques confirmed molecular recognition between the decoction and ethanol extraction, leading to electron rearrangement under the influence of non-covalent bonding. This resulted in the formation of nanoparticles possessing superior thermal stability. As determined by HPLC, the encapsulation rates of the index components in the MP-SAN were all greater than 75% (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol: 77.00%; herpetolide A: 78.57%; herpetrione: 94.53%), and the transfer rates were all higher than 65% (dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol: 96.01%; herpetolide A: 67.86%; herpetrione: 65.55%), which were 1.34, 1.38 and 4.81 times compared with those of the traditional decoction. In summary, this study successfully constructed the MP-SAN based on micro-precipitation method to achieve high transfer rate and high encapsulation rate of insoluble components in docoction, which provides a pharmaceutics idea for the efficient utilization of pharmacodynamic substance basis of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mccp) is the cause of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in goats. Inactivated vaccines and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) indirect hemagglutination reagents are available for prevention and serological detection, but high culture costs and complex antigen quantification have been plagued by production staff. In order to solve these problems in production practice, a sugar fermentation medium with an initial pH value of 7.8, which could improve the production of two antigens simultaneously, was screened out by changing the initial pH value based on previous Mccp metabolomics analysis. Since phenol red can be identified by UV absorption spectrum and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can bind to anionic capsular polysaccharide, a UV spectrum measurement method for analyzing the culture stage reached by Mccp and a CTAB precipitation test for relative quantification of capsular polysaccharide antigen content in the fermentation broth were established. The UV spectrum observation method can guide the production of Mccp according to the growth curve of Mccp, which greatly reduces the monitoring time of the traditional CCU method and improves the accuracy of the original eye-observation method. The established CTAB precipitation test can complete the monitoring of CPS content within 5 hours, which greatly reduces the time required compared with the traditional differential technique, and its accuracy was verified by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The optimized culture medium and the two correlation comparison methods established in this study can effectively reduce the production cost of Mccp and improve the production efficiency. The two assays have been used in the research at our laboratory, which provides experimental data for further improvement of the production process of CCPP inactivated vaccine and capsular polysaccharide as well as rapid quantification.
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Humans , Animals , Goats , Cetrimonium , Mycoplasma , PolysaccharidesABSTRACT
We report the efficacy of the Iron nanoparticles (IONPs) and assessed two different approaches for the synthesis of IONPs i.e. Polyol and co-precipitation method and further, evaluate their antimicrobial properties. Ferrous sulphate heptahydrate salts were reduced with ethylene glycol to obtain IONP and Fe+2 and Fe+3 co-precipitation reaction was performed with KOH at optimum heating. Further, synthesized (IONPs) were characterized by hydrodynamic radii measurement done by DLS clearly indicating the size of IONPs is 79.75nm in polyol based and 135.1 nm in co-precipitation method. The biological efficacy in terms of antimicrobial activity was assessed by the Kirby Bauer method, applied for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. The ZOI values i.e. Zone of inhibition diameter was found to be clearly visible in both S. aureus and E. coli, indicating bactericidal activity. Further growth kinetics studies and bacterial genotoxicity was also assessed. Hence, IONPs synthesized are proposed to have great potential as an antibacterial agent and can be used in drug delivery.
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We need to consider the macro-AST when the elevated AST activity cannot be explained. A 3-year-old child was found to have an increase in serum AST activity, but no obvious abnormality be found ofter examination. The PEG precipitation assay showed that the activity was 98.7%, which was diagnosed as macro-AST.
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Objective: The redox-responsive drug delivery system of MSN-SS-PEG@As2O3 was constructed based on mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN), which was modified by both redox-sensitive disulfide bonds and non-toxic, non-immunogenic polyglycols (PEG), and loaded the arsenic trioxide (As2O3) by electrostatic adsorption and evaluated in vitro. Methods: Silica was synthesized by coprecipitation method. The redox-responsive carrier (MSN-SS-PEG) was synthesized on the basis of silica, (3-mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane, 2-(2-pyridyldithio) ethylamine hydrochloride and methoxy terminated PEG. The particle size and Zeta potential of MSN-SS-PEG were measured by Malvern particle size analyzer; The structure of the carrier was verified by infrared spectroscopy; The morphology and physical and chemical properties of the carrier were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle powder diffraction; The drug loading efficiency of MSN-SS-NH2@As2O3 and MSN-SS-PEG@As2O3 were investigated by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum (ICP). The drug loading was further verified by thermogravimetry (TGA). In vitro release characteristics of the drug delivery system under different pH conditions were investigated by dialysis bag method. MTT assay was used to investigate the toxicity of carrier and delivery system to human normal hepatocytes (L02) or human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2) cells. Results: The potential of MSN, MSN-SS-NH2, MSN-SS-PEG was (-13.40 ± 0.87), (31.63 ± 0.90), (27.70 ± 5.60) mV, respectively. The final potential of modified carrier was positive. The particle size of MSN-SS-PEG was (159.60 ± 3.10) nm. The results of TEM showed that MSN, MSN-SS-NH2 and MSN-SS-PEG were all round or quasi round; The drug loading of MSN-SS-PEG@As2O3 was 4.38%, which measured by ICP; The release in vitro showed that MSN-SS-PEG@As2O3 was redox sensitive response. Compared with L02 cells, HepG2 cells were more sensitive to the toxicity of the carrier, and with the increase of the carrier concentration, the cell survival rate of MSN-SS-PEG was higher than that of MSN-SS-NH2, suggesting that PEG modification can further reduce the cytotoxicity of the carrier and improve the biocompatibility of the carrier. In addition, MTT results showed that the inhibitory effect of MSN-SS-PEG@As2O3 on HepG2 cell was significantly higher than that of other groups. Conclusion: The carrier prepared in this paper had a round and uniform particle size. The modified silica can release under the special microenvironment of the tumor and increase the accumulation of the drug in the tumor site. The delivery system has a good application in tumor therapy as a tumor micro-environment responsive carrier.
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Objective: To prepare pH-sensitive drug releasing As2O3 loaded liposome (CaAs-LP) and evaluate it in vitro. Methods: CaAs-LP was prepared by thin film dispersion and ion precipitation method. The particle size, PDI, and Zeta potential of CaAs-LP were measured by Malvern particle size analyzer; The morphology of the liposome was investigated by transmission electron microscopy; The drug loading and entrapment efficiency of CaAs-LP by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrum. In vitro release characteristics of CaAs-LP under different pH conditions were investigated by dialysis bag method. MTT assay was used to investigate the toxicity of carrier and CaAs-LP to MCF-7, U87 and HepG2 cells. Results: The prepared CaAs-LP were spherical and well-dispersed with particle size of (117.16 ± 1.94) nm. The encapsulation efficiency and the drug loading rate of CaAs-LP were (74.31 ± 2.11)% and (8.31 ± 0.13)%, respectively. In vitro release studies showed that CaAs-LP had the characteristics of sustained release and pH sensitive drug release, which can achieve specific drug release in the tumor environment. The carrier displayed remarkable biocompatibility in MCF-7, U87, HepG2 and L02 cells. MTT assay showed that the median lethal concentrations (IC50 values) of MCF-7, U87 and HepG2 cells were 11.91, 4.90 and 19.41 μmol/L, while L02 was 27.59 μmol/L, respectively, which showed strong inhibiting effect on tumor cells. Conclusion: CaAs-LP reveals significantly sustained and pH sensitive release characteristics. CaAs-LP is a potential drug delivery system against solid tumor with tumor micro-environment responsive.
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OBJECTIVE: To prepare the curcumin-loaded amphiphilic star-shaped polyester nanoparticles(Cur-NPs) and evaluate its physicochemical property, toxicity and release behavior in vitro. METHODS: Poly(pentaerythrotol)-poly (ε-Caprolactone)(abbreviated as PET-PCL), a new amphiphilic star-shaped poly ester material, as drug carrier was successfully synthesized by ring-opening polymerization. The toxicity of PET-PCL was determined by MTT method. Drug-loading nanoparticles were prepared by microchannel interface precipitation, and the optimal prescription was screened by single factor experiment. The particle size and the particle dispersion index was measured by dynamic light scattering(DLS) techniques. The encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were determined by UV spectrophotometry. The in vitro release behavior was investigated by dynamic dialysis. RESULTS: The optimal preparation for nanoparticles was listed as followswater flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, lipid phase flow rate was 0.5 mL·min-1, aqueous phase concentration was 1 mg·mL-1, lipid phase concentration was 6.0 mg·mL-1, and drug concentration was 0.6 mg·mL-1. The particle size was (180.3±4.05) nm, the Zeta potential was (-12.1±1.04)mV; drug encapsulation efficiency was (90.12±0.824)%; drug loading content was (4.40±0.080)%; the amount of cumulated drug released in 96 h was (72.89±3.001)%. Survival rate of L929 cells with PET-PCL were (81.05±1.223)%. CONCLUSION: The curcumin-loaded amphiphilic star-shaped polyester nanoparticles prepared by this method are simple and feasible, and have a better controlled release property, have potential application value in the field of drug delivery.
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Objective To optimize the extraction methods of mitochondrial genome DNA(mtDNA)of Oncomelania hupen-sis. Methods The pyrolysis,protein K variable-temperature digestion and high-concentration potassium acetate purification were applied to optimize the high-concentration-salt precipitation method,and then the optimized method was compared with two common extraction methods,the sucrose density gradient centrifugation method and traditional high-concentration-salt pre-cipitation method. The mtDNA samples were identified by using spectrophotometry,agarose gel electrophoresis and the amplifi-cation products of COX1. The nuclear DNA contamination was tested by the amplification products of ITS. Results The concen-tration and yield of the improved method was significantly higher than those of the traditional method(F=3032.65,10185.00, both P<0.01). The mtDNA samples extracted were essentially free of nuclear DNA and protein,meeting PCR,sequence analy-sis and other molecular biology research requirements. Conclusions The improved high-concentration-salt precipitation meth-od for isolating mtDNA is simple,and it has high yield and low cost. The extracted mtDNA can meet relevant analysis require-ments.
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Objective Ganglouyuchuang lotion was used to dress the wound for Anal fistula in Crohn's disease, control inflammation and promote wound healing.This paper studied the extraction techonology of ganglouyuchuang lotion.Methods Four factors of ganglouyuchuang lotion, including volume of water, extraction time, extraction times and liquid ratio, were studied by the orthogonal test, and three levels were selected for each factor.The content of sodium danshensu, the active component contained in Chinese herbal medicine, was regarded as evaluating indicator, and the content of Danshensu Sodium was determined by HPLC.The water extraction and alcohol precipitation technology of ganglouyuchuang lotion was optimized according to the results of measurement.Results The optimum extraction technology of ganglouyuchuang lotion was as follows: four herbs, including Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix Astragali, Radix sanguisorbae and Senecio were added with8 times amount of water overnight and decocted 3 times with 2 h, 1.5 h, and 1.5 h respectively, and then the extraction was concentrated to the ratio of herbs and concentrate of 1∶1.5.The results showed that the contents of Danshensu Sodium from the three examples were 0.520, 0.498, and 0.521 mg/mL, and the RSD were 0.34%, 0.41%, and 0.29%.Conclusion The optimum extraction technology is feasible and applicable for the preparation of ganglouyuchuang lotion.
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Objective: To evaluate the optimal separation and purification processes of water extract, the analytic techniques of particle size analysis, powder fluidity testing, and scanning electronic microscope were adopted to compare the influence factor of different separation and purification techniques on microscopic preparation characteristic of intermediate product prepared from water extract of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula purification. Methods: Taking Gubi Granules (GG) which have established the production technology and quality standards in the previous study as an example, three common techniques used for water extract of TCM formula purification, including ethanol precipitation, column chromatogram of macroporous resin, and membrane separation, were applied to preparing the intermediate of GG. Results: Through the comprehensive analysis of fluidity, adhesive property, compressibility, permeability, particle microstructure and particle size distribution, it was found that membrane separation could obtain intermediates with better performance, which was conducive to the subsequent granulation, tabletting, and other process smoothly. The operating conditions for liquid concentration were 0.05 g crude drug/mL, 30 ℃ liquid temperature, 0.15 MPa pressure and 5 m/s flow rate. Conclusion: The different spray dried powders varied greatly. The membrane separation method of 0.2 μm Al2O3 ceramic was selected as the optimal process for separating and purifying of water extract of GG by analyzing the influencing factors of the pharmaceutical properties.
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Glimepiride is an antidiabetic drug of sulfonylurea group and indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to enhance the dissolution rate of glimepiride solid lipid nano particle dispersions using hot homogenization method and glimepiride solid dispersion by precipitation method. Solid lipid nanoparticles have been used as suitable carriers for delivery of drug with poor solubility. In this investigation glyceryl monostearate and stearic acid were used as solid lipid, Lutrol F-68 as surfactant, Tween 80 as stabilizer and the used polymer were urea crystal and β-cyclodextrin. Three formulations were prepared in different ratios for two methods and were designated as GMLN1 to GMLN3 in case of hot homogenization method and GMP1 to GMP3 for precipitation method. The evaluation of all the dispersions were done by in vitro dissolution studies using US Pharmacopeia type II apparatus (paddle method) in 900ml distilled water at 50 rpm to a temperature of 37°C ± 0.5°C for 45 minutes. In situ and externally sink method revealed the release pattern of drug was found to follow zero order, first order and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations. Improved dissolution profile was observed in all the solid lipid nano particle dispersions as compared to pure drug as well as market preparation. Thus, glyceryl monostearate and β-cyclodextrin can be successfully used as carrier for improvement of dissolution and bioavailability of glimepiride.
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Glimepiride is an antidiabetic drug of sulfonylurea group and indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was conducted to enhance the dissolution rate of glimepiride solid lipid nano particle dispersions using hot homogenization method and glimepiride solid dispersion by precipitation method. Solid lipid nanoparticles have been used as suitable carriers for delivery of drug with poor solubility. In this investigation glyceryl monostearate and stearic acid were used as solid lipid, Lutrol F-68 as surfactant, Tween 80 as stabilizer and the used polymer were urea crystal and β-cyclodextrin. Three formulations were prepared in different ratios for two methods and were designated as GMLN1 to GMLN3 in case of hot homogenization method and GMP1 to GMP3 for precipitation method. The evaluation of all the dispersions were done by in vitro dissolution studies using US Pharmacopeia type II apparatus (paddle method) in 900ml distilled water at 50 rpm to a temperature of 37°C ± 0.5°C for 45 minutes. In situ and externally sink method revealed the release pattern of drug was found to follow zero order, first order and Korsmeyer-Peppas equations. Improved dissolution profile was observed in all the solid lipid nano particle dispersions as compared to pure drug as well as market preparation. Thus, glyceryl monostearate and β-cyclodextrin can be successfully used as carrier for im-provement of dissolution and bioavailability of glimepiride.
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@#Ophthalmic solution of organic-inorganic layered double hydroxides hybrid nanocomposites based on layered double hydroxides(LDH)intercalated with pirenoxine sodium(PRN)and chitosan-glutathione(CG)was prepared, characterized and evaluated using rabbit precorneal retention. Mg-Al-PRN-LDH, Zn-Al-PRN-LDH and CG-PRN-LDH were synthesized by co-precipitation. The nanocomposites were characterized by laser particle sizer, powder X-ray diffraction(X-RD), fourier transform infrared spectra(FTIR)and transmission electron micrographs(TEM). The release of PRN from Mg-Al-PRN-LDH, Zn-Al-PRN-LDH, and CG-PRN-LDH nanocomposites and API in artificial tear was compared. Based on in vivo precorneal retention studies, PRN-LDH and CG-PRN-LDH nanocomposite dispersions showed significantly higher AUC(3. 72-, 7. 59-folds)and MRT(2. 18-, 2. 60-folds)than that of the commercial eye drops group. Organic-inorganic layered double hydroxides hybrid nanocomposites CG-PRN-LDH dispersions could remarkably improve precorneal retention of PRN.
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Objective To compare the refining effects between ethanol precipitation and chitosan flocculation methods on extracting solutions of Shuyu compound granules.Methods Orthogonal experiment was utilized to examine the influence of liquid concentration, alcohol concentration and standing time on refining of Shuyu compound granules extracting solution by ethanol precipitation method, and compare the impact of ethanol precipitation and chitosan flocculation methods on the contents of solids and paeoniflorin.Results The optimized condition of ethanol precipitation method was 0.8 g/mL solution concentration (crude drug) with 20% ethanol standing for 6 h. Both ethanol precipitation method and chitosan flocculation method reduced the extraction ratio of Shuyu compound granules decoction, but chitosan flocculation method caused a great loss of paeoniflorin.Conclusion Low concentration ethanol precipitation method can be used for the purification of Shuyu compound granules. Whether chitosan flocculation method is suitable requires further study.
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Tomando en cuenta que aún no existe una metodología estándar de rutina para la determinación del colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL-c) se decidió evaluar su determinación analítica utilizando tres técnicas: determinación enzimática homogénea, precipitación con sulfato de polivinilo y fórmula de Friedewald. Fueron procesadas 98 muestras de suero a las cuales se les determinó triglicéridos (TG), colesterol total (CT), colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-c) y colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL-c). Los valores promedio de CT fueron 194,46 ± 43,54 mg/dL, HDL-c 51,12 ± 12,36 mg/dL y TG 132,88 ± 76,93 mg/dL. Aun cuando el análisis de regresión mostró una buena correlación entre los valores de LDL-c, los resultados indicaron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los mismos cuando los niveles de TG superaron los 200 mg/dL. La misma se observó principalmente entre el método de precipitación y la fórmula de Friedewald, siendo los valores significativamente más bajos en esta última (LDL-c por precipitación: 141,3 ± 26,2 mg/dL; LDL-c por fórmula de Friedewald: 110,1 ± 35,4 mg/dL). De la misma manera se vio afectada la proporción de individuos clasificados según su riesgo coronario. Es necesario comparar las técnicas aplicadas en este estudio con la cuantificación beta para evaluar cuál tiene un mayor nivel de exactitud.
Considering that there is still no standard methodology for routine determination of low density lipoprotein (LDL-c) it was decided to evaluate their analytical determination using three techniques: homogeneous enzymatic determination, polyvinyl sulphate precipitation and Friedewald formula. Ninety-eight serum samples were processed; triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c) and LDL-c were determined. Mean total cholesterol was 194.46 ± 43.54 mg/dL, HDL-C was 51.12 ± 12.36 mg/dL and TG was 132.88 ± 76.93 mg/dL. Although regression analysis showed a good correlation between LDL-c, the results showed a statistically significative difference in them when TG levels exceeded 200 mg/dL. It was mainly observed in the precipitation method and the Friedewald formula, the latter values being significantly lower (LDL-C by precipitation: 141.3 ± 26.2 mg/dL, LDL-C by the Friedewald formula: 110, 1 ± 35.4 mg/dL). Moreover, this difference affected the proportion of individuals classified according to their coronary risk. It is necessary to compare the techniques applied in this study with beta quantification to assess which has a higher level of accuracy.
Levando em consideragao que ainda nao existe uma metodologia padrao de rotina para a determinagao do colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL-c) se decidiu avaliar sua determinagao analítica utilizando tres técnicas: determinagao enzimática homogénea, precipitagao com sulfato de polivinil e fórmula de Friedewald. Foram processadas 98 amostras de soro as quais lhes foi determinado triglicerídeos (TG), colesterol total (CT), colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL-c) e colesterol de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL-c). Os valores médios de CT foram 194,46 ± 43,54 mg/dL, HDL-c 51,12 ± 12,36 mg/dL e TG 132,88 ± 76,93 mg/dL. Inclusive quando a análise de regressao mostrou uma boa correlagao entre os valores de LDL-c, os resultados indicaram uma diferenga estatisticamente significativa nos mesmos quando os niveis de TG superaram os 200 mg/dL. A mesma se observou principalmente entre o método de precipitagao e a fórmula de Friedewald, sendo os valores significativamente mais baixos nesta última (LDL-c por precipitagao: 141,3 ± 26,2 mg/dL; LDL-c por fórmula de Friedewald: 110,1 ± 35,4 mg/dL). Da mesma maneira se viu afetada a proporgao de indivíduos classificados conforme seu risco coronariano. É necessário comparar as técnicas aplicadas neste estudo com a quantificagao beta para avaliar qual é que tem maior nível de exatidao.
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Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods/methods , Cholesterol, LDL/analysis , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/analysis , Enzymes/blood , Risk Measurement Equipment , Triglycerides/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technique for Sidiming capsules.METHODS:The technical conditions for the water decoction and the alcohol precipitation were optimized respectively by the orthogonal experiment design L9(34)with hydrosoluble extract used as the index for the water decoction and the catalpol extract for alcohol precipitation.The content of Catalpol was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:The optimum conditions were as follows:decocting the crude drugs twice with 8-fold water,1 h each time.The physic liquor extracted by water was filtered,mixed and concentrated to 1.0 g?mL-1(crude drug),and then precipitated by 75% concentration of alcohol for 24 h.Then the physic liquor was filtered,concentrated and dried by microwave vacuum concentration dryer to obtain the dry ointment.CONCLUSION:The optimum extraction procedure is stable and reliable,and it can be used as the optimal extraction procedure of Sidiming capsules.
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BACKGROUND: Leptin has been suggested as a possible cause of atherosclerotic disease. The small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has also been regarded as a new surrogate marker in atherosclerotic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the leptin concentration and the small dense LDL-C concentration in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: One hundred-ninety one type 2 diabetic patients, who did not use any medication that could affect the concentration of lipid such as statin, fibrate, thiazolidinediones and corticosteroid, were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the relationship between leptin, the small dense LDL-C and the other metabolic parameters. RESULTS: The small dense LDL-C concentrations were higher in the group with the highest tertile of the leptin value, both in males and females than those patients in the group with the lowest tertile of the leptin value. The small dense LDL-C concentrations were also higher in the group with the highest tertile of leptin divided by the BMI value both in males and females than those patients in the group with the lowest tertile of the leptin value. The leptin concentration was positively correlated with the small dense LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, insulin and HOMAIR values after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. CONCLUSION: The association between leptin and small dense LDL-C could be a factor that explains the association between leptin and cardiovascular disease.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Biomarkers , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, LDL , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Insulin , Leptin , Lipoproteins , Thiazolidinediones , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Leptin has been suggested as a possible cause of atherosclerotic disease. The small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) has also been regarded as a new surrogate marker in atherosclerotic disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the leptin concentration and the small dense LDL-C concentration in Korean type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: One hundred-ninety one type 2 diabetic patients, who did not use any medication that could affect the concentration of lipid such as statin, fibrate, thiazolidinediones and corticosteroid, were enrolled in this study. We analyzed the relationship between leptin, the small dense LDL-C and the other metabolic parameters. RESULTS: The small dense LDL-C concentrations were higher in the group with the highest tertile of the leptin value, both in males and females than those patients in the group with the lowest tertile of the leptin value. The small dense LDL-C concentrations were also higher in the group with the highest tertile of leptin divided by the BMI value both in males and females than those patients in the group with the lowest tertile of the leptin value. The leptin concentration was positively correlated with the small dense LDL-C, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, insulin and HOMAIR values after adjusting for age, gender and BMI. CONCLUSION: The association between leptin and small dense LDL-C could be a factor that explains the association between leptin and cardiovascular disease.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Biomarkers , Cardiovascular Diseases , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, LDL , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors , Insulin , Leptin , Lipoproteins , Thiazolidinediones , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of concentrations of alcohol in precipitation method on polysaccharide contents in order to optimize the extractive condition of Xinmaishen oral liquid METHODS:Taking the total polysaccharides in the decoction as target and dertermining the effective components by phenol-vitriol colorimetry,the effects of 4 alcohol concentrations(50%,60%,70%,80%) on polysaccharide contents were studied RESULTS:The results showed that the polysaccharide contents sharply decreased with the increase of alcohol concentration When the alcohol concentration reached 80%,the polysaccharide content lost nearly 70% CONCLUSION:Polysaccharide content should be used as one of exam indices in screening preparation technique of this oral liquid
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Objective: To investigate the properties of zirconia toughened glass infiltrated nanometer-ceramic composite (Al 2O 3/nZrO 2) . Methods: Zirconia toughened glass infiltrated nanometer-ceramic composite(Al 2O 3/nZrO 2)powder was prepared with combination of chemical co-precipitation method and ball milling. The shape, size, partical distribution, crystal phase and chemical composition were measured and analyzed. Results: (1) The crystal phase composition of the studied nanometer ceramic composite powder was made up with ?-Al 2O 3, t-ZrO 2 and m-ZrO 2 examined by XRD?(2) The density of the powder was 4.12 g/cm 3?(3) The particle distribution of the powder ranged 0.02～3.0 ?m?(4)Observed with SEM, the particle profile of the powder was regular, the ratio of length and width of the particles was about 1.2. Conclusion: The studied nanometer ceramic composite powder owns good homogeneity, stable chemical composition, reasonable powder-size gradation and may be favourable in the improvement of the packing density of ceramics.