ABSTRACT
Proteases have a fundamental role in maintaining physiological homeostasis, but their dysregulation results in severe activity imbalance and pathological conditions, including cancer onset, progression, invasion, and metastasis. This striking importance plus superior biological recognition and catalytic performance of proteases, combining with the excellent physicochemical characteristics of nanomaterials, results in enzyme-activated nano-drug delivery systems (nanoDDS) that perform theranostic functions in highly specific response to the tumor phenotype stimulus. In the tutorial review, the key advances of protease-responsive nanoDDS in the specific diagnosis and targeted treatment for malignancies are emphatically classified according to the effector biomolecule types, on the premise of summarizing the structure and function of each protease. Subsequently, the incomplete matching and recognition between enzyme and substrate, structural design complexity, volume production, and toxicological issues related to the nanocomposites are highlighted to clarify the direction of efforts in nanotheranostics. This will facilitate the promotion of nanotechnology in the management of malignant tumors.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To summarize the advancement of precise diagnosis and treatment for spastic cerebral palsy in recent years. Methods: The literature and own experiences were reviewed, and the surgical method, precise diagnosis, and personalized treatment of spastic cerebral palsy based on the classification of spastic cerebral palsy were summarized and analyzed. Results: The common classification of spastic cerebral palsy are gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and manual ability classification system (MACS). The surgical methods of spastic cerebral palsy can be divided into soft tissue surgery, nerve surgery, and bone and joint surgery. The precise diagnosis of spastic cerebral palsy includes qualitative diagnosis, localization diagnosis, and quantitative diagnosis. Based on precise diagnosis and classification, one or more corresponding surgical methods are selected for treatment. Conclusion: The manifestations of spastic cerebral palsy are so diverse that it is necessary to select rational surgeries based on precise diagnosis to achieve individualized treatment.
ABSTRACT
The difficulties of clinical diagnosis and treatment in neurosurgery were introduced in brief.The application and important meaning of the deep learning technology, multimodal fusion technology and image guidance techniques in the diagnosis and treatment of neurosurgery were elaborated.In addition,the development and challenges of precise diagnosis and treatment in neurosurgery were discussed.It's pointed out continuous progress of intelligent analysis of medical images would help achieve accurate diagnosis and treatment for neurosurgery, thus reduce the occurrence of misdiagnosis and improve the success rate of operation. Furthermore, it would promote the intelligent development of clinical diagnosis and treatment in neurosurgery.