ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: La práctica de la educación intercultural en Cuba es un campo disciplinar que demanda mayor preparación en el modo de actuación profesional de los docentes universitarios. Objetivo: Construir un programa de preparación, centrado en la solución de conflictos, para perfeccionar el modo de actuación profesional de los docentes universitarios para la educación intercultural. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación en la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez, en la que se utilizó la metodología cualitativa basada en el estudio de caso del modo de actuación profesional de los docentes para la educación intercultural. Resultados: El diagnóstico pedagógico integral no se tuvo en cuenta para la identificación y solución de los conflictos interculturales, dependiendo del estatus de igualdad grupal alcanzado. La preparación en educación intercultural, centrada en la solución de conflictos, demostró la efectividad de trabajar en correspondencia al sistema de acciones propias de la dirección del proceso pedagógico. Conclusiones: El programa de preparación permitió reconocer la validez de la experiencia pedagógica practicada, así como la pertinencia de otras perspectivas foráneas compatibles y el manejo conceptual de los principios y competencias para la educación intercultural.
ABSTRACT Background: The practice of intercultural education in Cuba is a disciplinary field that requires greater preparation in the professional way of acting of university teachers. Objective: To build a preparation program, focused on conflicts resolution, to improve the professional performance of university teachers for intercultural education. Methodology: An investigation was carried out at the University of Sancti Spíritus José Martí Pérez, using the qualitative methodology based on the case study of the professional performance of teachers for intercultural education. Results: The comprehensive pedagogical diagnosis was not taken into account for the identification and solution of intercultural conflicts, depending on the group equality status achieved. The preparation in intercultural education, focused on conflict resolution, demonstrated the effectiveness of working in correspondence with the system of actions proper to the direction of the pedagogical process. Conclusions: The preparation program allowed to recognize the validity of the pedagogical experience practiced, as well as the relevance of other compatible foreign perspectives and the conceptual handling of the principles and competences for intercultural education.
Subject(s)
Professional Competence , Education, Professional/methods , Cultural Competency/education , Program DevelopmentABSTRACT
O rápido envelhecimento populacional no Brasil trouxe diversos desafios, um dos quais é a necessidade de preparar os trabalhadores mais velhos para a transição do trabalho para a aposentadoria. Existe também uma carência de pesquisas relacionadas ao tema, especialmente acerca dos trabalhadores que atuam na limpeza urbana. Este estudo investigou o planejamento para a aposentadoria dos garis e os aspectos priorizados para seu bem-estar nessa transição. Seis garis, com 45 anos ou mais e que estavam no mínimo a dois anos da aposentadoria participaram de seis encontros. No primeiro, os garis realizaram entrevista semiestruturada e também foram sensibilizados para o tema. Nos quatro encontros seguintes, foram realizados grupos focais, utilizando-se fatores-chave para o bem-estar na aposentadoria. No sexto e último encontro, ainda utilizando a técnica do grupo focal, os participantes avaliaram as condições de trabalho e no quanto poderiam impactar o bem-estar na aposentadoria. A análise dos dados revelou que o relacionamento familiar é o principal preditor de bem-estar na aposentadoria, seguido da promoção da saúde que, está diretamente relacionada às condições de trabalho e precisam ser revistas pelo empregador. Para esses garis, o lazer estava em segundo plano, embora houvesse a expectativa de que na aposentadoria eles teriam mais tempo para o lazer e recursos para viajar. O estudo aponta sugestões para a área de Recursos Humanos, tais como melhorar as condições de trabalho dos garis, reduzir a carga horária para os que estejam próximos da aposentadoria e adotar um programa de preparação para aposentadoria.
The rapid growth of the ageing population in Brazil brought a variety of challenges, one of which is the need to prepare older workers in the transition from work to retirement. There is also a lack of research in this area, especially towards workers who work in urban cleaning. This study investigated retirement planning of street sweepers and aspects prioritized for their well-being during future retirement. Six street sweepers of 45 years or more, who were at least two years from retirement, participated in six meetings. At the first meeting, they were sensibilized to this theme and participated in a semi-structured interview. Following this, four meetings were held with focus groups, using key factors related to well-being during retirement. At the sixth and last meeting, continuing with the focus group, the participants assessed working conditions and how these could impact their own retirement. The data analysis revealed that family relationships are the main predictor for well being during retirement, followed by health, which was directly related to their working conditions and which needed to be addressed by the employer. For these street sweepers, leisure was in second place, but they expected that in retirement years, they would have more time for this and also be able to travel. This study recommends a few measures for implementation by Human Resources, such as improving work conditions, reducing work hours before retirement and implementing a retirement preparation program.
ABSTRACT
Background: After sustaining severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), most patients suffer both physical and mental disabilities. Caregivers of those critically ill patients have to deal with crises not only from unexpected injury, but also from difficult situations in giving care to them. The preparation program (PP) which assists caregivers to cope by enhancing the participation in care during intensive episode is needed. Objective: To examine differences between mean coping scores of TBI patients’ caregivers who received the PP and those receiving the usual nursing care. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was conducted. The sample included 40 caregivers of ICU patients with severe TBI, 20 for a control group and 20 for an experimental group, was recruited. The Preparation Program (PP) implemented in the experimental group was developed based on an extensive review of related literature. The Thai version of the Coping and Adaptation Processing Scale–Short Form (TCAP-SF) was administered before and after the training of caregivers with PP to determine their coping abiility. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-test. Results: Caregivers who received the PP had a higher mean of coping score (X= 98.50, SD = 8.32) than those receiving the usual care did (X= 79.55, SD = 12.20) at p <.001. Conclusion: Caregivers were able to cope better after receiving the PP. The PP facilitated them to deal with a crisis episode of a family member with TBI in the ICU by getting more participation in their care. However, the coping of caregivers after patient discharge from the ICU to ward and after returning home should be evaluated.
ABSTRACT
O avanço da ciência e tecnologia tem levado a um progressivo aumento da longevidade e da expectativa de vida, proporcionando aos indivíduos usufruírem um tempo maior de suas existências como aposentados ainda gozando de boas condições físicas e mentais. Sendo assim, este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre o tema aposentadoria com base no relato do Programa Preparação para Aposentadoria (PPA), desenvolvido com Policiais Federais. O Programa foi realizado em três encontros, de oito horas cada, e caracterizou-se por abordar o assunto de forma vivencial, com a utilização de técnicas específicas para trabalhar temas como projetos de vida e reorientação profissional, considerando os diferentes aspectos que permeiam este momento de mudança (saúde, lazer, finanças, espiritualidade, família, etc). Constatou-se, tanto na teoria quanto na prática, que o processo de aposentadoria dos Policiais Federais envolve mudanças específicas que requerem reorganização familiar, afetiva e social, o que evidencia a importância do desenvolvimento de programas que trabalhem estes aspectos.
The advancement of science and technology has taken a progressive increase in longevity and life expectancy, letting people enjoy a longer period of their existence as a retiree still enjoying good physical and mental conditions. Therefore, this article presents reflections on the theme of retirement, based on the report of a Retirement Preparation Program (PPA) developed with Federal Policemen. This Program was conducted in three meetings, eight hours each one, and characterized by approaching the topic in an experiential way, using specific techniques to work themes such as life projects and professional reorientation considering the different aspects that permeate this time of change (health, leisure, finance, spirituality, family, etc.). It was found in theory and in practice that the retirement process of the Federal Policemen involves specific changes that require family, emotional and socialreorganization, which highlights the importance of developing programs to work these aspects.