Exploring Modern Mechanism of Treating Diabetic Retinopathy and Coronary Heart Disease from Perspective of Blood Stasis Under Viewpoint of Treating Different Diseases with the Same Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Diabetic retinopathy（DR） and coronary heart disease（CHD） are both major chronic vascular complications that seriously jeopardize the health of the population and often occur together in clinical practice， it is of great clinical value to actively explore the association between the two in the process of disease development and methods of prevention and treatment of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）. According to TCM， the heart and eyes physiologically communicate with each other by taking Qi， blood and veins as bridges， blood stasis obstructing collaterals is the common TCM etiology of DR and CHD， whose mechanism involves inflammation， oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis plays an important role in the same treatment for different diseases and prevention and treatment of comorbidities， possibly by inhibiting the expression of interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， endothelin-1（ET-1） and hypoxia inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor（HIF-1α/VEGF）， regulating phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin（PI3K/Akt/mTOR） pathway， initiating adenosine monophosphate（AMP）-activated protein kinase/silent information regulator 1（AMPK/SIRT1） and nuclear transcription factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1（Nrf2/HO-1） signaling pathways， inhibiting Hippo/Yes-associated protein（Hippo/YAP） signaling pathway， inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore and anti-platelet agglutination for treating DR and CHD， which provides a multi-component， multi-pathway and multi-target selection strategies and ideas for the prevention and treatment of DR and CHD by TCM from a biological perspective. Based on this， subsequent studies should focus on constructing clinically relevant comorbidity models， conducting multicenter prospective studies， and fully utilizing artificial intelligence technology to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship between the two diseases， so as to elucidate the mechanism of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in preventing and treating panvascular diseases.

Research progress on dental materials for preventing root caries / 口腔疾病防治

@#The high incidence and untreated rate of root caries, a common and frequently occurring oral disease with challenging treatment in elderly individuals, is the main cause of tooth loss among elderly people, as rapid development results in pulpitis and periapical periodontitis or residual crown and root, which has been regarded as one of the common chronic oral diseases seriously affecting the quality of life of elderly people. Thus, early intervention and prevention are important. Traditional dental materials for preventing root caries have been widely used in clinical practice; however, they have the disadvantages of tooth coloring, remineralization and low sterilization efficiency. A series of new dental materials for preventing root caries have gradually become a research hotspot recently, which have the advantages of promoting the mineralization of deep dental tissue, prolonging the action time and enhancing adhesion. Future caries prevention materials should be designed according to the characteristics of root surface caries and the application population and should be developed toward simplicity, high efficiency and low toxicity. This review describes current research regarding anti-caries prevention material application, serving as a theoretical underpinning for the research of root caries prevention materials, which is important for both promotion in the effective prevention of root caries and improvement in the status of oral health and the quality of life among old people.

Development of an in vitro screening method for idiosyncratic hepatotoxic components in traditional Chinese medicine: a case study with Epimedii Folium and Psoraleae Fructus / 药学学报

Idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (IDILI) has long posed a challenging and pivotal concern in pharmaceutical research. The complex composition of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has introduced a bottleneck in current research, hindering the elucidation of the component basis associated with IDILI in TCM. Using Epimedii Folium (EF) and Psoraleae Fructus (PF) as illustrative examples, this study endeavors to establish an in vitro evaluation model, providing a high-throughput and preliminary assessment method for screening components related to TCM-induced IDILI. A TNF-α-mediated HepG2 susceptible model was first established in this study, with the focus on the index components present in EF and PF. The release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant served as the detection index. A concentration-toxicity response curve was constructed, and the hepatotoxic components of EF and PF were identified utilizing the synergistic toxicity index. The LDH results unveiled the hepatotoxic effects of bavachin, backuchiol, isobavachin, neobavaisoflavone, psoralidin, isobavachalcone, icarisid I, and icarisid II on both normal and susceptible cells, categorizing these 8 components as both direct hepatotoxicity components and idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity components. Bavachin and neobavaisoflavone exhibited no hepatotoxicity on normal cells but demonstrated significant effects on susceptible cells, designating them as potential idiosyncratic susceptible hepatotoxicity components. The study further delineated that 10 EF components and 3 PF components were direct immune-promoting hepatotoxicity components. Additionally, 14 idiosyncratic immune-promoting hepatotoxicity components were identified, encompassing 10 EF components and 4 PF components, with neobavaisoflavone, bavachinin, and isobavachin being potential idiosyncratic susceptible immune-promoting hepatotoxicity components. Synergistic toxicity index results indicated that 13 idiosyncratic immune-promoting hepatotoxicity components (except anhydroicaritin) combined with bavachin demonstrated synergistic hepatotoxicity on susceptible cells. Notably, 3 idiosyncratic susceptible immune-promoting hepatotoxicity components combined with bavachin exhibited synergistic hepatotoxicity, with neobavaisoflavone displaying the highest synergistic toxicity index and bavachinin the lowest. In summary, this methodology successfully screens hepatotoxic and immune-promoting hepatotoxic components in EF and PF, distinguishing the types of components inducing hepatotoxicity, evaluating the hepatotoxicity degree of each component, and elucidating the synergistic relationships among them. Importantly, these findings align with the characteristics of IDILI. The method provides an effective model tool for the fundamental research of TCM-related IDILI components.

Effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin promoting neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells in mice and its mechanism / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of the curcumin derivative bisdemethoxycurcumin （BC） promoting neuronal differentiation of neuroblastoma cells Neuro-2a （N2a） in mice and its mechanism. METHODS The effects of BC （1， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10 μmol/L） on the viability of N2a cells were detected by MTT assay to determine the concentration range of drug treatment. The control group， retinoic acid （RA） group （10 μmol/L） and BC groups （1， 2 and 4 μmol/L） were set up， and the length of neural protrusions of the differentiated cells was measured and the cell differentiation rate was calculated after 48 h and 72 h of culture. Compared with 0 min group， Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B （Akt）， extracellular- signal regulated kinase 1/2 （ERK1/2）， and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38） proteins in cells treated by 4 μmol/L BC for 5， 15， 30， 60， 120 min. After intervention with inhibitors LY294002 （LY） and PD98059 （PD）， the effects of BC on Akt and ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation levels and promoting neural differentiation were further validated. RESULTS According to the MTT experiment， the BC concentrations for subsequent induction of cell differentiation were determined to be 1， 2， and 4 μmol/L. After 48 hours of differentiation， compared with the control group， the cell differentiation rate in RA group and BC 1， 2 and 4 μmol/L groups， the length of cellular neural processes wjxhhxx413@163.com in the BC 4 μmol/L group significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）；after inducing differentiation of BC for 72 hours，compared with the control group， the cell differentiation rate and the length of cellular neural processes in the RA group， the cell differentiation rate in the BC 4 μmol/L group， and the length of cellular neural processes in the BC 2 μmol/L group all significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）.Compared with the 0 min group， the phosphorylation levels of Akt， ERK1/2， and p38 proteins in cells of the 5， 15， 30， 60 and 120 min groups increased to varying degrees after treated by 4 μmol/L BC， and some differences were statistically significant （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. After adding the inhibitor LY/PD， compared with the BC group， the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 protein in the PD+BC group cells were significantly reduced （P＜0.01）， and the cell differentiation rates in the LY group， LY+BC group， PD group， and PD+BC group was significantly reduced （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS BC promotes N2a cell differentiation mainly by increasing cell differentiation rate and neural protrusion length. The mechanism may be related to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/ ERK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Factors affecting postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志

Objective:To investigate the factors affecting postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).Methods:A case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 55 patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI admitted to Beijing Tiantan Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University and Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from September 2021 to September 2022. There were 33 males and 22 females, with the age range of 13-68 years [(43.0±15.5)years]. All patients were assessed for the consciousness level using the coma recovery scale-revision (CRS-R) preoperatively and within 48 hours postoperatively. A total of 33 patients were observed in vegetative state and 22 in minimally conscious state preoperatively. The consciousness level was found to be improved in 26 patients (consciousness- improved group), but not improved in the remaining 29 patients (consciousness-unimproved group). Indicators were documented including gender, age, cause of injury, Glasgow coma score (GCS) on admission, course of injury, preoperative consciousness level, operation mode, operation time, intraoperative fluid replenishment, intraoperative urine volume, intraoperative bleeding volume, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, analgesic regimen and sedation maintenance drugs. A univariate analysis was conducted first to assess those indicators′ correlation with postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was then used to determine the independent risk factors for their postoperative short-term improvement of consciousness level.Results:Univariate analysis showed that GCS on admission, course of injury, preoperative consciousness level and analgesic regimen were correlated with short-term improvement of postoperative consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI (all P<0.05), whereas gender, age, cause of injury, operation mode, operation time, intraoperative fluid replenishment, intraoperative urine volume, intraoperative bleeding volume, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade and sedation maintenance drugs showed no relation to the improvement of postoperative consciousness level (all P>0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the GCS ≥7 points on admission ( OR=0.06, 95% CI 0.01, 0.36, P<0.01), preoperative minimally conscious state ( OR=0.09, 95% CI 0.02, 0.40, P<0.01) and intraoperative use of Sufentanil combined with Remifentanil ( OR=0.07, 95% CI 0.01, 0.43, P<0.01) were significantly correlated with postoperative improvement of consciousness level. Conclusion:The GCS on admission (≥7 points), preoperative minimally conscious state and intraoperative use of Sufentanil combined with Remifentanil are independent risk factors affecting short-term postoperative improvement of consciousness level in patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness after sTBI.

Discussion on the pathogenesis and treatment of renal hematuria based on the theory of "warming the injured and activating the relaxed" / 国际中医中药杂志

Based on the "warming the injured and activating the relaxed" theory, this article explored the pathogenesis and treatment of renal hematuria. The pathogenesis of renal hematuria mainly lies in the deficiency of spleen and kidney, blood stasis and qi obstruction, and the internal channeling of pathogenic wind. The author put forward that "warming the injured and activating the relaxed" as the general treatment principle of renal hematuria. In clinical practice, the main treatment methods should be to cultivate and supplement the spleen and kidney, promote blood circulation and expel wind, warm and supplement the spleen and kidney to restore the fixation of the qi of the viscera, promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis to remove the blood stasis outside the blood overflow vessels, and eliminate pathogenic wind to prevent and stop the disturbance of Jingguan. In accordance with the treatment of syndrome differentiation, it emphasized both nourishing and dispelling pathogenic factors, and according to the degree of deficiency of zang-fu organs and the retention of pathogenic factors, and listed the related therapeutic drugs, which provided a new idea and method for the clinical application of TCM in the treatment of renal hematuria.

Experimental and clinical research progress of traditional Chinese medicine promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in treatment of pulmonary hypertension / 中国药理学通报

Pulmonary hypertension(PH)is a type of progressive cardiovascular disease or clinical syndrome. Its pathological mechanism is complex. The existing clinical drugs cannot well inhibit the progression of the disease. Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)has unique advantages in the treatment of PH due to its synergistic effect of multiple components and multiple targets. Recent studies have found that the TCM of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis can play a significant role in the treatment of PH, such as dilating pulmonary blood vessels, improving endothelial function, and relieving right heart failure. This article briefly summarizes and discusses the therapeutic effect and mechanism of TCM that can promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis in treatment of PH.

Comparison of Blood Routine Changes in Treatment of Aplastic Anemia by Kidney-tonifying and Blood-generating Method and Qi-promoting and Blood-nourishing Method and Mode of Treatment by Stages / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of kidney-tonifying and blood-generating method and qi-promoting and blood-nourishing method combined with western medicine on the treatment of aplastic anemia and the characteristics of blood routine recovery， and to explore a new phased treatment model for aplastic anemia. MethodThis study was based on a prospective， multicenter， double-blind， and randomized controlled clinical trial. Patients with aplastic anemia from 19 centers were analyzed and divided into a kidney-tonifying and blood-generating group and a Qi-promoting and blood-nourishing group， which were treated with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） combined with western medicine. The clinical effect and the changes in blood routine in each group during treatment were evaluated. ResultDuring the observation period， 375 cases of aplastic anemia were included in two groups， and TCM syndrome differentiation conformed these cases as Qi-deficiency type and both Qi and blood-deficiency type. These cases were randomly divided into two groups， including 184 in the kidney-tonifying and blood-generating group and 191 in the Qi-promoting and blood-nourishing group， being treated by kidney-tonifying and blood-generating granules and Qi-promoting and blood-nourishing granules， respectively， and combined oral androgen and ciclosporin soft capsules. The treatment lasted for six months and was divided into three stages. Visits were conducted from the beginning of the treatment to the end of the first， fourth， and sixth months. The curative effect was evaluated six months later. The total effective rate of the kidney-tonifying and blood-generating group was 86.4% （159/184）， which was significantly better than that of the Qi-promoting and blood-nourishing group ［68.6% （131/191）， P<0.01）］. The results of the percentage quartile of blood cell growth in each stage of the 2 groups were analyzed. The hemoglobin concentration and platelet count of the patients in the kidney-invigorating blood group continued to increase after treatment, and significantly increased in the second and third stages compared with the first stage (P<0.05). The increase of reticulocyte count was most significant in the first stage of treatment (P<0.05). The reticulocyte count in supplementing Qi and nourishing blood group increased significantly in the first and second stages of treatment (P<0.05). The other observation indicators increased at each stage, but there was no statistical difference in the growth rate. The effects of the two groups were compared by stages. In the second stage of treatment, the increase of hemoglobin concentration in the kidney-invigorating blood group was better than that in the supplementing Qi-nourishing blood group (P<0.05). The increase of platelet count and red blood cell count in supplementing Qi and nourishing blood group was greater (P<0.05). In the third stage of treatment, the increase of hemoglobin concentration in the bushen Shengxue group was more significant (P<0.05). ConclusionThe overall effective rate of the kidney-tonifying and blood-generating method in the treatment of aplastic anemia is better than that of the Qi-promoting and blood-nourishing method， with significant effects and safety. This study has proposed a three-stage early treatment mode for aplastic anemia. The first and third stages (0-1, 5-6 months) were mainly treated by invigorating kidney and generating blood. In the second stage of treatment (2-4 months), invigorating kidney and generating blood combined with invigorating Qi and nourishing blood were adopted. It may be closer to the actual clinical treatment response and objective rule changes of aplastic anemia.

Therapy of Dispelling Stasis， Removing Toxin， and Promoting Urination （Xuebijing Injection Combined with Modified Linggui Zhugantang） Affects Prognosis of Sepsis-induced Cardiomyopathy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the therapy of dispelling stasis， removing toxin， and promoting urination （modified Linggui Zhugantang combined with Xuebijing injection） on the prognosis of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy （SICM）. MethodA total of 96 patients were randomly assigned into an observation group and a control group， with 48 patients in each group. The patients in the control group received sepsis bundle， and those in the observation group additionally received the therapy of dispelling stasis， removing toxin， and promoting urination （intravenous drip of Xuebijing injection and oral administration of modified Linggui Zhugantang）. The course of treatment in both groups was 7 days. The disease and prognosis indicators ［28-day mortality， intensive care unit （ICU） length of stay， major adverse cardiac events （MACE）， acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ （APACHE Ⅱ）， sequential organ failure assessment （SOFA） score， and mortality in emergency department sepsis （MEDS） score］， cardiac function indicators ［left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF）， E/A ratio of peak velocity blood flow from left ventricular relaxation in early diastole （the E wave） to peak velocity flow in late diastole caused by atrial contraction （the A wave）， E/e′ ratio of mitral peak velocity of early filling （E） to early diastolic mitral annular velocity （e′）， and afterload-corrected cardiac performance （ACP）］， myocardial injury markers ［high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T （hs-cTnT）， N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP）， heart-type fatty acid-binding protein （H-FABP）， and high mobility group box-1 （HMGB-1）］， hemodynamic indicators ［extravascular lung water index （EVLWI）， global end-diastolic volume index （GEDVI）， cardiac index （CI）， and systemic vascular resistance index （SVRI）］， and TCM syndrome scores were assessed and compared between the two groups. ResultThe 28-day mortality and the incidence of MACE in the observation group were slightly lower than those in the control group. The ICU length of stay in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， APACHE Ⅱ， SOFA， MEDS， syndrome score of stasis-caused internal obstruction， E/e′ ratio， hs-cTnT， NT-proBNP， H-FABP， and HMGB1 decreased compared with those before treatment （P<0.05）， while LVEF， E/A ratio， and ACP increased （P<0.05）. Moreover， the changes were more significant in the observation group （P<0.05）. On days 3， 5， and 7 after treatment， the EVLWI and SVRI in the observation group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.05）， while CI showed an opposite trend （P<0.05）. The observation group had higher GEDVI than the control group on days 3 and 5 after treatment （P<0.05）. ConclusionOn the basis of conventional bundle therapy， modified Linggui Zhugantang combined with Xuebijing injection with the effect of dispelling stasis， removing toxin， and promoting urination can inhibit the generation of myocardial injury markers and improve hemodynamics to shorten the length of ICU stay， mitigate the TCM syndrome， and reduce the risk of death， thereby improving the prognosis of SICM.

Application of partial least squares algorithm to explore bioactive components of crude and stir-baked hawthorn for invigorating spleen and promoting digestion / 中国中药杂志

This study was aimed at identifying the bioactive components of the crude and stir-baked hawthorn for invigorating spleen and promoting digestion, respectively, to clarify the processing mechanism of hawthorn by applying the partial least squares(PLS) algorithm to build the spectrum-effect relationship model. Firstly, different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions were prepared, respectively. Then, the contents of 24 chemical components were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The effects of different polar fractions of crude hawthorn and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions were evaluated by measuring the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate. Finally, the PLS algorithm was used to establish the spectrum-effect relationship model. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents of 24 chemical components for different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions, and the gastric emptying rate and small intestinal propulsion rate of model rats were improved by administration of different polar fractions of crude and stir-baked hawthorn aqueous extracts and combinations of different fractions. The bioactive components of crude hawthorn identified by PLS models were vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, neochlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, citric acid, malic acid, quinic acid and fumaric acid, while neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, citric acid, quinic acid and fumaric acid were the bioactive components of stir-baked hawthorn. This study provided data support and scientific basis for identifying the bioactive components of crude and stir-baked hawthorn, and clarifying the processing mechanism of hawthorn.

Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture on promoting wake-up of consciousness disorder in children with early severe traumatic brain injury / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the awakening effect and safety of Xingnao Kaiqiao (regaining consciousness and opening orifices) acupuncture on consciousness disorder in children with early severe traumatic brain injury (STBI) based on western medicine treatment.@*METHODS@#A total of 62 children with STBI were randomly divided into an observation group (31 cases,1 case dropped off) and a control group (31 cases, 1 case dropped off). The control group was treated with routine rehabilitation therapy (6 times a week for 30 days), and intravenous drip of cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin injection (once a day for 28 days). On the basis of the treatment in the control group, the observation group was treated with Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6), Shuigou (GV 26), Yintang (GV 24+), Baihui (GV 20), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), etc., and supplementary acupoints according to clinical symptoms, once a day, 6 times a week for 30 days. The scores of Glasgow coma scale (GCS), coma recovery scale-revised (CRS-R) and modified Barthel index (MBI) were observed before treatment and 10, 20 and 30 d into treatment. Electroencephalogram (EEG) grading before and after treatment was observed in the two groups, and safety was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#After 10, 20 and 30 days of treatment, the scores of GCS, CRS-R and MBI in the two groups were increased compared before treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were higher than the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, EEG grading of both groups was improved compared with that before treatment (P<0.05), and the observation group was better than the control group (P<0.05). There were no adverse events or adverse reactions in the two groups during treatment.@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of western medicine treatment, Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture plays a remarkable role in wakening the early STBI children, can improve the level of consciousness disorder and daily living ability, and it is safe and effective.

Extraction Technology of Volatile Oil from Wenjing Huoxue Cataplasm / 药学实践杂志

Objective To optimize the supercritical CO2 extraction conditions of volatile oil from Wenjing Huoxue cataplasm. Methods On the basis of single factor investigation on the comprehensive score of extraction yield , osthole content and isoimperatorin, the effects of extraction temperature, pressure and time on the comprehensive score of extracted volatile oil were optimized by orthogonal design. Results In the single factor experiment, the factors that had a great influence on the comprehensive score of the extracted volatile oil were extraction temperature, extraction pressure and extraction time. The orthogonal experiment results showed that the extraction temperature and extraction pressure had a significant influence on the comprehensive score of volatile oil. The optimized extraction process was as follows: extraction temperature at 55 ℃, extraction pressure as 30 MPa, and extraction time as 2 h. Conclusion The extraction process optimized in this experiment is stable and feasible, which could be used for the extraction and preparation of the volatile oil.

Psychological-behavioral health services and its outcome based on World Health Organization health-promoting school framework: a systematic review of systematic reviews / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo review the effect of school-based psychological and behavioral health services based on the World Health Organization (WHO) health-promoting school (HPS) framework on the psychological and behavioral health of children and adolescents. MethodsSystematic reviews on school-based psychological and behavioral health services based on WHO HPS framework and the health outcome, published from 2013 to June, 2023, were searched from Medline, EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science. A systematic review of the systematic reviews was conducted. ResultsSeven articles were included, involving 261 studies, from six countries, from the journals in the fields of children's psychological health, HPS and school health, published mainly from 2013 to 2022. School-based psychological and behavioral health services involved school health education curriculum and school health services. School health education curriculum included psychological health courses and health education provided by trained teachers. School health services involved various services provided by professionals in school settings, including psychological screening, preventive interventions for psychological and behavioral health issues, clinical assessment, management services, promotion, and supportive services. The health benefits of school-based psychological and behavioral health services included relieving symptoms and incidence of anxiety and depression, alleviating the negative impact of stress, decreasing negative mood, enhancing positive attitudes and resilience, increasing happiness, improving positive psychological well-being, enhancing cognitive functions (such as sustained attention, fluid intelligence, information processing speed and executive functions), fostering correct attitudes and awareness of psychological health, helping students develop interest in learning, enhancing psychological health literacy, knowledge of psychological disorders, awareness of prevention, ability to recognize signs and symptoms, eliminating stigma related to psychological health, promoting social interaction, and improving help-seeking behaviors for psychological health issues. ConclusionThe school-based psychological and behavioral health services based on the WHO HPS framework mainly encompass school health education curriculum and school health services. The health benefits of school-based psychological and behavioral health services are reflected in psychological and behavioral health, overall psychological well-being, and quality of life, as well as social behavior and academic performance.

School health services and effectiveness based on World Health Organization health-promoting school framework: a scoping review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo review the studies related to school health services and their outcomes based on the World Health Organization health-promoting school framework, to synthesize and analyze the main research scopes and related evidence in this field. MethodsLiterature about the interventions and outcomes of implementing health-promoting school health services were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI, from the establishment to June, 2023, and a scoping review was conducted. ResultsSeven papers were eventually included, involving 76 researches, more than 20 interventions, from five countries, published mainly from 2014 to 2021. The interventions included asthma education training curriculum, oral health education, menstrual management interventions, cognitive anxiety prevention programs, physical activity curriculum, cooking and nutrition curriculum, exercise and fitness interventions, mental health education programs, health-promoting diets curriculum and health education curriculum, and health skills training curriculum. The school health services programs included health screening and monitoring, disease prevention and control, and safety and first aid training for teachers and students. The health benefits of health-promoting school for students included improving health education outcomes and grades in health services elective courses; improving health condition and qualities of learning and life at school, reducing prevalence of chronic diseases and frequency of visiting the emergency room, and alleviating asthma; improving self-esteem, communication skills and social cohesion of the group, alleviating the influence of anxiety and other negative emotion, and increasing awareness of autonomy; improving activities related to healthy living, and positively affecting behaviors, attitudes and action. The health benefits of health-promoting school for teachers included improving pedagogical abilities and skills in teaching physical activity-related curriculum content, and increasing professional support for staff such as knowledge of first aid and participation in the school health service. The health benefits of health-promoting school for schools included promoting the incorporation of health education courses into regular teaching activities and increasing the school's financial investment in the construction of health-related psychosocial environments; promoting the plan and implementation of the health service in the schools. ConclusionThe school-based health services in health-promoting school consisted of two main categories: school curriculum and school health services. The health-promoting school may improve the health conditions, health behaviors and health services for the students, teachers and schools.

School-based physical activity-related health services and their health benefits within the World Health Organization health-promoting school framework: a systematic review of systematic reviews / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the types of health-promoting school (HPS) curriculum and physical activity-related health services based on the WHO-HPS framework, and their impact on health of children and adolescents. MethodsThe databases of EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched on school-based physical activity-related services and their health benefits based on the WHO-HPS framework from 2017 to June, 2023. A systematic review of systematic reviews was conducted. ResultsA total of seven English articles were included, covering 147 studies from five countries including Switzerland, the United States, Italy, the United Kingdom and Sweden. The systematic reviews were published in the journals related to child physical education and health, HPS, and school-based physical activity. Based on the WHO-HPS framework, HPS curriculum implemented in schools primarily involved physical education classes (such as incorporating specialized sports programs like yoga and dance, increasing physical activity time) and health education programs related to physical activity. Additional activities included extracurricular programs (such as implementing children's sports, recreational and leisure programs, lunchtime enjoyment activities, and game plans, increasing physical activity time within regular school hours, creating opportunities for physical activity during breaks and after school, and providing daily physical activity plans) and integration of physical activity in other subjects. Physical activity-related health services mainly included health screening and monitoring related to physical activity, adolescent health management, and health promotion activities. The health benefits of the interventions included improvement in aerobic capacity, body mass index, cardiorespiratory function, overall physical health, and significant increases in muscle endurance and strength. They also contributed to the cessation or reduction of prolonged sedentary behavior, increased levels of all-day physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, increased physical activity participation, significant increases in physical activity during school hours, increased proportion of moderate to vigorous physical activity during school time, increased physical activity time, improved leisure and recreational time related to physical activity, enhanced vitality, school quality of life, and energy, improved academic performance, reduced television viewing time, decreased obesity risk, reduced anxiety, improved adaptability and happiness, and promoted positive mental health. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in students' health-related knowledge on physical activity. ConclusionImplementing HPS curriculum and physical activity-related services in schools may improve various aspects of students' health, including physical fitness, physical activity and sedentary behavior, behavioral health related to physical activity, and health literacy related to physical activity.

Psychological and behavioral health benefits of physical activity participation and quality of life among adolescents in the context of health-promoting school: a systematic review / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo systematically review the psychological and behavioral health benefits and quality of life of adolescent participation in physical activity in a health-promoting school perspective, based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and PRISMA principles. MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched to collect randomized controlled trials related to adolescents' participation in physical activity in schools and health outcomes, published from January, 2011 to June 2023, for a systematic review. ResultsEight studies were included, with 23 652 participants from six countries, mainly from journals related to public health, nursing, child and adolescent mental health, and international environmental research. The types of school physical activity interventions included physical fitness (warm-up and stretching, recreation center activities, shuttle runs, jumping jacks and jump ropes, squats and push-ups, running, wrist and arm training), skills (dribbling, passing, throwing, and catching) and sports (Kripalu yoga, basketball, volleyball, soccer sports, Ringo alternative sports, tennis and jump rope). The frequency of activities was one to six times a week, the intensity ranged from low to high, and the duration was mainly from two to 40 weeks. The psychological and behavioral health benefits of school-based physical activity involved three aspects. In terms of mental health, their social-emotional competence improved, negative emotions reduced, self-efficacy increased, subjective emotional feelings, behavioral control and intelligence improved, cognition and mental health improved; the stress coping strategies were developed, and the cognitive structures for emotion regulation, positive thinking and stress coping were learned. In terms of behavioral health aspects related to physical activity, their physical health and physical activity levels increased, the sense of health responsibility and awareness increased, knowledge of nutrition and health was enriched, behavioral control improved, executive functioning improved, academic achievement and participation in school activities increased, and absence from duty decreased. In terms of quality of life, academic performance, exercise habits and healthy lifestyles, positive attitudes, and interpersonal and stress management skills all improved. ConclusionIn the health-promoting school perspective, physical activity is integrated into the school health promotion system, and physical activity interventions in fitness, skills and sports are implemented to improve adolescents' psychological and behavioral health and quality of life, namely improving cognitive and executive functioning; improving social skills, emotional control, positive thinking, positive physical activity behaviors and health literacy, positive mindset; improving academic performance, good health habits and positive attitude towards life, interpersonal and stress management skills; and increasing overall well-being.

Endophytic bacteria Bacillus safensis and Pseudomonas hibiscicola and their ability to increase rice seedling growth

Endophytic bacteria Bacillus safensis RS95 and Pseudomonas hibiscicola RS121 were evaluated for their ability to promote the growth of rice seedlings and produce indole-acetic acid (IAA) and siderophores and to solubilize phosphates. 'Guri' rice seeds were immersed in bacterial endophyte cell suspensions (separated and two-strain mixed), as well as in Escherichia coli DH5α, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and water treatments (negative controls). Seeds were sown on agar-water in Petri plates placed vertically at an angle of 65°. The ability of plant growth-promoting endophytic bacteria (PGPEB) to produce IAA and siderophores was determined by Salkowski colorimetric and chrome azurol S (CAS) assays, respectively. Mineral phosphate solubilization activity was calculated by inoculating the endophytes onto medium containing insoluble phosphate. PGPEB showed a positive effect on the growth of rice seedlings, causing a mean growth of shoots and primary-roots of 60 and 67%, respectively. Bacterial strains also showed positive traits for IAA and siderophore production, as well as phosphate-solubilization activity

Genome analysis and plant growth promoting activity of Pseudonocardia strain DR1-2 from the root of Dendrobium christyanum Rchb.f

Aims@#The objective of this study was to analyze the genome of endophytic actinomycete associated with orchids and evaluate its plant hormone activities, including phytohormone, siderophore, ammonia production, zinc and phosphate solubilization.@*Methodology and results@#Strain DR1-2 isolated from the roots of the Thai orchid, Dendrobium christyanum Rchb.f., was closely related to Pseudonocardia alni DSM 44104T, P. antarctica DSM 44749T and P. carboxydivorans Y8T (99.93-100% similarity) based 16S rRNA gene sequence. This strain exhibited IAA production (294.10 ± 12.17 μg/mL), phosphate solubilization (2.20 ± 0.08 solubilization Index, SI), positive for siderophore production and ammonia production (36.99 ± 2.24 μg/mL). It showed a maximum IAA of 489.73 ± 8.90 μg/mL, when optimized using 0.5% Ltryptophan, pH 6 and incubated at 30 °C for 7 days. The IAA of strain enhanced the root length, shoot length, number of roots and fresh weight of rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. cv. RD49). The draft genome of strain DR1-2 was 6,077,423 bp in 23 contigs with G+C content of 74.6%. The average nucleotide identity-Blast (ANIb) and average nucleotide identity-MUMmer (ANIm) values of strain DR1-2 and related type strains were 95.81 to 97.25% and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 72.60 to 74.00%, respectively. Genomic analysis of strain DR1-2 revealed that the gene encodes the enzyme involved in the phytohormones biosynthesis and gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites.@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#Endophytic actinomycete, Pseudonocardia strain DR1-2 from Thai orchid, D. christyanum Rchb.f., exhibited significant IAA production and affected the growth of the plant, which was the potential source of plant hormones for agricultural applications.

Association rules between personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle in patients with glaucoma / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the association rules of personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma, so as to provide advice for the synthetical treatment.Methods:From July to November 2021, a total of 117 primary angle closure glaucoma patients(acute patients n=89, chronic patients n=28) in ophthalmology department of five hospitals in Nanjing were investigated with type A behavior pattern scale, health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ and general information questionnaire.Based on Weka 3.8.5, algorithm of Apriori was used to mine its association relationship. Results:(1) The total scores of type A behavior pattern scale for patients with acute and chronic types of primary angle closure glaucoma were (32.48±6.43) and (27.54±6.49) respectively.The total scores of health-promoting lifestyle scale Ⅱ were (101.69±11.83) and (97.79±7.78) respectively.(2) There were positive associations among patients with acute primary angle closure glaucoma, type A/A-personality (including impatience and hostility) and health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0). And patients with chronic primary angle closure glaucoma were associated with B/B-personality (including patience and mild), health-promoting lifestyle (including stress management disorder, interpersonal relationship management disorder, well sense of health responsibility and adequate dietary nutrition intake)(all support>0.1, confidence >0.6, lift >1.0).Conclusion:Primary angle closure glaucoma is strongly related with personality traits and health-promoting lifestyle.Its synthetical treatment plan should take both physical and mental measures, and classified health management for patients with different disease types.

Study on health promotion lifestyle and influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To understand the status of health-promoting lifestyle of middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis, and to comprehensively analyze the influencing factors based on the biological-psychological-social medicine model, to explore controllable factors.Methods:Using convenient sampling method, 177 middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis who were hospitalized in First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital) from July 2020 to November 2020 were selected for questionnaire survey. The Health Promotion Lifestyle Profile Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ) was used to evaluate their health promotion lifestyle status, the influencing factors were measured by general data sheet, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), disease recognition questionnaire for knee osteoarthritis patients, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Self-efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (CDSES), respectively.Results:The total score of HPLP-Ⅱ, the total score of WOMAC, the score of disease recognition questionnaire, the total score of SSRS, the score of HAMA, HAMD, CDSES were (117.52 ± 15.58), (105.63 ± 31.64), (14.21 ± 3.23), (38.60 ± 5.18), (7.76 ± 4.41), (6.01 ± 4.54), (33.77 ± 6.04) points for middle-aged and elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the influencing factors were disease cognition, per capita monthly income, imaging grade, self-efficacy, support utilization, objective support, a total of 71.9% variation of regression equation could be explained.Conclusions:Middle-aged and elderly knee osteoarthritis patients health promotion lifestyle score at a low level, to improve, affected by disease cognition, imaging grading, self-efficacy, social support, medical staff should combine the degree of disease and individualized factors for disease health education, improve patients′ self-efficacy and social support level, prompting patients to adopt a healthy lifestyle.