ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Cluster differentiation 44 standard isoform (CD44s) is a transmembrane glycoprotein. CD44s is a known prognostic factor in various cancers, due to its involvement in tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis. Its prognostic role, however, is debated because it can be a positive or negative prognostic factor depending on tumor type and is still an ambiguous prognostic indicator in other cancers, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the relationship between CD44s expression and survival in HCC patients. METHODS: A total of 260 HCC samples were collected to generate a tissue microarray. Staining of the arrays with a primary mouse CD44s monoclonal antibody was followed by evaluation of the relationship between CD44s expression and tumor differentiation. The effect of CD44s expression on patient survival was analyzed. RESULTS: CD44s protein expression correlated with histological grade (most and worst Edmondson grade) of the HCC (p=0.029 and p=0.039, respectively) and adversely affected the disease free survival period based on univariate and multivariate analyses (p=0.038 and p=0.077, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: High CD44s protein expression correlates with shorter disease free survival and poorly differentiated HCC. CD44s-targeted therapy may be efficacious for HCC treatment in the future.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Mice , Hyaluronan Receptors , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Disease-Free Survival , Glycoproteins , Multivariate Analysis , Neoplasm Metastasis , Protein Array Analysis , RecurrenceABSTRACT
As a high-throughout technique after DNA chips in biomedical research, protein arrays are developing, with high sensitivity and veracity. They have drawn increasing attention because they can provide a new technological platform for life science studies. There has been no effective diagnosis instrument for common articular cartilage injuries when they are at an initial stage, but when the disorders progress into an advanced stage, visible functional disturbances often arise. Protein arrays may offer a solution to the lasting tough problem in orthopaedic field. In this paper, we review the development and research of protein arrays, the regulation of proteins, their biochemical functions and their potential interaction partners, as well as changes of cartilage biomarkers in body fluid after injury. In addition, the feasibility and rationality of using protein microarrays for diagnosing early articular cartilage injuries are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Objective To develop a visible detection system prepared by protein microarrays which was based on GoldMag particles-labeled technique and compare the results of detection using the protein which was labeled with GoldMag particles and colloidal gold.Methods Human IgG was printed on the glass slides modified with epoxy groups,and goat anti-human IgG conjugated with GoldMag particles and colloidal gold respectlively was then added on the slide.The glass slides were incubated,and then the black images of microarray spots were produced by immuno-gold-silver staining method and observed by naked eyes and recorded with common flatbed scanner.Results The high signal-to-noise ratio could be obtained when the optimized procedures of GoldMag particles-labeling probe were introduced to the protein chip.The conditions of optimum assay were as follows:the spotting concentration of human IgG was 0.2 mg/ml,the glass slides were incubated at 37 ℃ for 2 hour to immobilize human IgG,and the silver enhancement time was 10 min-15 min.Parallelly,the optimized conditions for colloidal gold were as follows:the spotting concentration of human IgG was 0.1 mg/ml,the slides were incubated at 37 ℃ for 1 hour to immobilize human IgG,and the silver enhancement time was 15 min-20 min.Conclusions GoldMag particles-labeled protein technique is comparable to colloidal gold in applying to protein microarrays.The method is considerably simple and practical,and the protein labeled by GoldMag particles could be quantitative.