Successful Use of a Stent-Graft for Treating a Pseudoaneurysm Located at the Anastomosis of the Ascending Aorta and the Great Saphenous Vein / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Takayasu Arteritis causes annuloaortic ectasia and coronary ostial stenosis, which may necessitate open heart surgery. However, pseudoaneurysms are sometimes observed postoperatively, making subsequent treatment difficult. We report thoracic endovascular aortic repair of a pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta with an anastomosis of the great saphenous vein in a 61-year-old female with a history of multiple open-heart procedures. Thirty years earlier, she underwent aortic valve replacement and coronary artery bypass surgery for aortic regurgitation, and right coronary ostial stenosis. Eleven years after surgery, an ascending aortic aneurysm was found and Bentall's surgery was performed. Multiple open thoracotomies were subsequently performed. Postoperatively, a pseudoaneurysm was found at the anastomosis between the ascending aorta and the great saphenous vein. The patient was transferred to the emergency room owing to hemoptysis and was diagnosed with a ruptured pseudoaneurysm at the anastomosis of the ascending aorta and the great saphenous vein. By inserting a stent graft into the ascending aorta, we avoided further complications and her prognosis was good. She was discharged on postoperative day 18 and did not experience any end leak for a year. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair in the ascending aorta is a minimally invasive procedure that may be useful for high-risk patients.

Tratamiento de pseudoaneurisma iatrogénico con compresión ecoguiada / Treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm with echo-guided compression

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad obtenida con la compresión ecoguiada como primera elección para lograr la trombosis del pseudoaneurisma iatrogénico post estudio o intervencionismo. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de 9 pacientes en quienes se realizó la compresión ecoguiada como primera alternativa de manejo frente a pseudoaneurismas iatrogénicos secundarios a procedimientos diagnósticos o terapéuticos ocurridos entre agosto de 2012 y diciembre de 2015 en el Hospital Regional de Talca. Resultados: De 4.070 procedimientos se presentó la complicación en 9 pacientes, un 0,22%; 7 posterior a procedimientos terapéuticos (0,4%), y 2 en el grupo de diagnósticos (0,08%). La muestra se compone por 6 hombres y 3 mujeres de edad promedio 70 años. El vaso comprometido fue principalmente la arteria femoral con un 77%. Los pseudoaneurismas ocurrieron mayoritariamente posteriores a procedimientos terapéuticos (77%); y el éxito de la compresión ecoguiada se obtuvo en el 67%. No hubo complicaciones asociadas al tratamiento. Conclusiones: La compresión ecoguiada tiene un porcentaje de éxito menor en esta pequeña serie que los obtenidos por otros autores, pero al no presentar complicaciones y por su bajo costo creemos debe mantenerse como primera alternativa.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness obtained with echo guided compression as the first choice to achieve thrombosis of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm after study or interventionism. Material and Method: Retrospective observational study of 9 patients who underwent echo-guided compression as the first management alternative to iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms following diagnostic or therapeutic procedures that occurred between August 2012 and December 2015 at the Regional Hospital of Talca. Results: Of 4,070 procedures the complication was presented in 9 patients, 0.22%; 7 after therapeutic procedures (0.4%), and 2 in the diagnostic group (0.08%). The sample consists of 6 men and 3 women of average age 70 years. The involved vessel was mainly the femoral artery with 77%. Pseudoaneurysms occurred mostly after therapeutic procedures (77%); and the success of the echogenic compression was obtained in 67%. There were no complications associated with treatment. Conclusions : Image guided compression has a lower success rate in this small series than those obtained by other authors, but since there are no complications and because of its low cost, we believe that it should be kept as the first alternative.

Posibles causas de aneurisma y pseudoaneurisma de la fístula arteriovenosa en pacientes con insuficiencia renal / Possible causes of aneurysm and pseudoaneurysm of the arteriovenous fistula in patients with renal failure

El acceso vascular ideal debe proporcionar un flujo adecuado a las necesidades de la diálisis, debe ser de larga duración y tener una baja tasa de complicaciones. La realización de una fístula autóloga se considera de primera elección como acceso vascular para la hemodiálisis. Si bien se conocen las causas de los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fistulas, estos son muy pocos frecuentes y por ello es importante conocer que aparecen. Mostramos varios casos de aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas de las fístulas, causas y que hacer para evitarlos. Se presentan seis casos de pacientes con fístulas arteriovenosas para hemodiálisis realizada la cirugía en el hospital "Victoria Mahe" de islas Seychelles en dos años, el diagnóstico fue clínico y ultrasonográfico. Se encontró un paciente diabético de edad avanzada con pseudoaneurismas de la arteria de la fístula luego de su ligadura a nivel del codo; uno con múltiples aneurismas venosos en una fístula de más de cinco años de evolución y cuatro pacientes con pseudoaneurismas de la vena por ruptura de las fístulas. Es importante no solo hacer un acceso vascular para diálisis, sino cuidar del mismo para evitar que aparezcan los aneurismas y pseudoaneurismas, para ello: rotar los sitios de punción, evitar la hipotensión severa, educar a los pacientes sobre lo que no deben hacer con el brazo de la fístula y realizar una buena asepsia y antisepsia antes de iniciar la diálisis para evitar la sépsis y con ello otras complicaciones, y preparar al personal de enfermería que realizará el proceder(AU)

The ideal vascular access should provide adequate flow to meet dialysis requirements, should be long lasting and also have a low rate of complications. Autologous fistula is considered the first choice for vascular access in hemodialysis. If the causes of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae are well known, they are very unusual and so, it is important to know why they occur. Several cases of aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms of fistulae, their causes and how to prevent them were shown. Six cases with arteriovenous fistulae for hemodialysis were presented; the surgery was performed in "Victoria Mahe" Hospital in Seychelles islands in two years, the diagnosis was clinical and ultrasonographic. There were one elderly diabetic patient with pseudo-aneurysm in the artery of the fistula after ligation at the elbow, one with multiple venous aneurysms in a fistula of over 5 years of progression and four patients with vein pseudo-aneurysms due to fistula rupture. It is very important not only to make a vascular access for dialysis, but also to take care of it so as to avoid aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms. To this end, it is advisable to rotate the puncture sites, to severe hypotension, to educate patients about what should not be done with the fistula arm, to perform good aseptic- antiseptic actions before starting dialysis to prevent sepsis and other complications and to prepare nurses to conduct the procedure(AU)

Study on the diagnostic value of color doppler flow imaging which be applied to pseudoaneurysms / 中国医学装备

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of color soppler flow imaging(CDFI) be applied to pseudoaneurysms in different parts of the body.Methods: Retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 29 pseudoaneurysms patients who were diagnosed by Color Doppler Flow Imaging during january 2012-october 2013, to discuss the features of two-dimensional echocardiography and CDFI signal,all the diagnostic results were compared to the operation results.Results: The biggest lump among 29 patients is 6.3 cm×11.8 cm×12.5 cm, located in femoral artery, the smallest one is 2.3 cm×2.8 cm×0.5 cm, located in carotid artery,all the patients were confirmed by operations, The coincident diagnostic rate was 100%, 39 Pseudoaneurysms had been found in total, among these, the number of patients have single Pseudoaneurysms were 22, about 75.86%, 4 patients have one more pseudoaneurysms, about 13.79%, 3 patients have two more pseudoaneurysms,about 10.34%. 23 breachs have been found by two-dimensional echocardiography, and 6 breachs haven’t been found, but all the breachs have been found by CDFI. Back and forth movement flow pattern was the main diagnostic sign.Conclusion: Color doppler flow Imaging is safe and noninvasive,and have high diagnostic value in diagnosing pseudoaneurysms, it is the preferred method in diagnosis.

Endovascular treatment of iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm and delayed carotid-cavernous fistula following trans-sphenoidal surgery / Tratamiento endovascular de pseudoaneurisma y fístula carótida-cavernosa iatrogénica después de la cirugía trans-esfenoidal

Lesiones accidentales de la arteria carótida son complicaciones poco frecuentes de diversos procedimientos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Representan una condición grave y potencialmente mortal si el tratamiento no se realiza adecuadamente. Un paciente de sexo femenino, 45 años de edad, que ingresó en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología con queja de la disminución de la agudeza auditiva y acúfenos en el oído izquierdo. La resonancia magnética encefálica mostro una formación expansiva / infiltrativa a comprometer desde la nasofaringe izquierda hasta la base del cráneo, con la participación de la arteria carótida interna (ACI) en el mismo lado en su segmento petroso. Durante el procedimiento de biopsia, se produjo una laceración en la carótida derecha intracavernosa con sangrado abundante. Se realizó un taponamiento local y el paciente fue remitido a la angiografía cerebral que mostró un seudoaneurisma en la arteria carótida interna derecha en su segmento cavernoso. Después de una prueba de oclusión, la ACI derecha fue ocluida por 2 globos. Tres semanas después, el estado del paciente mostró empeoramiento progresivo de la agudeza visual, proptosis ocular, hiperemia conjuntival y la restricción del movimiento ocular en el ojo derecho. Una nueva angiografía fue realizada y mostró la persistencia de la oclusión de la ACI en su origen y un seudoaneurisma asociado con fístula carótido-cavernosa derecha, que se opacificado después de la inyección de contraste en la ACI izquierda, a través de la arteria comunicante anterior. El paciente fue sometido a un nuevo tratamiento endovascular con resolución de la lesión. Laceración de ACI durante la cirugía transesfenoidal es una complicación rara y potencialmente fatal. La prevención es el mejor tratamiento para cualquier lesión accidental. La utilización de técnicas endovasculares ha permitido para el tratamiento satisfactorio de esta condición.

Accidental carotid artery lesions are uncommon complications from diverse diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It represents a grave and potentially lethal condition if treatment is not adequately performed. A female patient, 45 years old, who was admitted to the Otolaryngology service complaining of diminished auditory acuity and tinnitus in the left ear. The encephalic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an expansive/infiltrative formation compromising the left nasopharynx to the skull base, involving the ipsilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) in its petrous segment. During the biopsy procedure, there was a right intracavernous ICA laceration with copious bleeding. A local tamponade was performed and the patient was referred to cerebral angiography (CAG), which showed a right ICA pseudoaneurysm in its intracavernous segment. After a balloon occlusion test, the right ICA was occluded by 2 balloons. Three weeks after, the patient’s condition showed progressive worsening of visual acuity, occular proptosis, conjuctival hyperemia and occular movement restriction in the right eye. A new CAG was performed and showed persistence in the right ICA occlusion in its origin and an intracavernous pseudoaneurysm associated with ipsilateral carotidcavernous fistula, which became opacified after contrast injection in left ICA, through the anterior communicating artery. The patient was submitted to a new endovascular treatment with lesion resolution. ICA laceration during transsphenoidal surgery is a rare and potentially fatal complication. The prevention is the best treatment for any accidental lesion. Utilization of endovascular techniques has allowed for satisfactory treatment of this condition.

Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm following liver transplantation / 中华消化外科杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic artery pseudoaneurysm (HAPA) after liver transplantation.Methods The clinical data of 4 patients who had HAPA after liver transplantation at the No.309 Hospital of PLA from April 2002 to April 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.All the 4 patients had abdominal massive hemorrhage,and 2 of them were complicated by bile leakage and bile duct bleeding.Peritoneal effusion was observed in the 4 patients,and 3 of them were complicated by peritoneal infection.All the patients were diagnosed and treated by angiography and exploratory laparotomy.Results The mean time of hemorrhage of ruptured HAPA was 24.6 days (range,14-35 days).One of the patients was diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy,and the other 3 patients were diagnosed by angiography.Hemostasis of HAPA was successed in 1 patient by hepatic artery ligation,2 patients by interventional embolization + endovascular covered coronary stent grafts implantation guided by digital subtraction angiography (DSA),1 patient by interventional embolization.1 patients died of hepatic failure and 1 died of multiple organ disfunction syndrome.Conclusions Early diagnosis of HAPA after liver transplantation is difficult and the mortality is high.Interventional embolization + endovascular covered coronary stent grafts implantation guided by DSA is the first choice for the diagnosis and treatment of HAPA.

Stent-Graft Repair of Common Carotid Pseudoaneurysms in Behcet's Syndrome

We report on a patient with Behcet's syndrome who had two pseudoaneurysms at the junction of a saphenous vein graft and the native common carotid artery. He had experienced graft interposition due to the aneurysm rupture, but the saphenous vein was interpositioned due to the graft reobstruction. We successfully repaired the pseudoaneurysms with stent-graft.

Ultrasound-guided compression repair or ultrasound-guided compression-puncture hematocele repair in treatment of post-cardiac catheterization pseudoaneurysms / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To introduce and evaluate the methods of ultrasound-guided compression repair (UGCR) or ultrasound-guided compression-puncture hematocele repair (UGCPHR) in treatment of post-catheterization femoral arterial pseudoaneurysms. Methods Two patients with femoral arterial pseudoaneurysms (3.0 cm?3.0 cm) were treated with UGCPHR, a 18-gauge blunt needle self-retrained with a syringe was placed into the pseudoaneurysm flow lumen along the primary cleft, to compress this site to cut-out continuously the blood flow into the lumen, then to draw all the hemocele out with the syringe, to slowly decompress after continuing the compression for 20-30 minutes, and to repeat this procedure if blood flow signals still existed. Results All the five cases were treated successfully, without large hardening nodules. Four cases were treated successfully at one time, one case was successfully with UGCPHR after failure with UGCR. Conclusion For the treatment of post-catherization femoral arterial pseudoaneurysms, UGCR or UGCPHR depending on the size of pseudoaneurysms is effective, safe and technically simple, without local largely hardening nodules formation in post-repair or any effects on interventional diagnosis and treatment in short periods along the same passway.