ABSTRACT
Introducción: La desnutrición es un problema de salud pública que afecta a los menores de cinco años. En Colombia, en 2021, se notificaron al Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública 15 924 casos de desnutrición aguda, con una prevalencia de 0,41 por cada 100 niños menores de 5 años; mientras que el Departamento de Boyacá tuvo una prevalencia de 0,54 por cada 100 menores de 5 años. Por ello, es importante estudiar factores de riesgo de la des-nutrición para generar información que permita la toma de decisiones en el departamento. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento epidemiológico de la desnutrición aguda en menores de cinco años en el Departamento de Boyacá durante el periodo 2017-2021. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte trasversal analítico. Se calcularon fre-cuencias absolutas y porcentajes, medidas de tendencia central y dispersión y odds ratio como medida de asociación.Resultados: De los 2254 datos analizados, el 55,37 % correspondieron al sexo masculino, el 88,08 % pertenecía al régimen subsidiado, el 50,80 % vivía en áreas rurales dispersos y el estrato socioeconómico 1 aportó el 51,33 % de la información. Se identificaron como factores de riesgo de desnutrición aguda severa la lactancia materna menor a 6 meses (OR = 1,96; 1,61-2,39) y el inicio de la alimentación complementaria antes de los 6 meses (OR = 2,12; 1,72-2,59). Conclusión: Es importantefortalecer los programas y políticas en salud con el fin de velar por la atención integral y oportuna de los menores de cinco años.
Introduction: Malnutrition is a public health problem that affects children under five years of age. In Colombia in 2021, 15,924 cases of acute malnutrition were reported to the public health surveillance system, with a prevalence of 0.41 per 100 children under 5 years of age, while the department of Boyacá had a prevalence of 0.54 per every 100 children under 5 years of age. In this way, the impor-tance of studies of risk factors for malnutrition is determined to generate strategies that favor public health and improve the nutritional conditions of the child population. Objective: To describe the epidemiological behavior of acute malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in the department of Boyacá during the period 2017 to 2021. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, absolute frequencies and percentages were calculated, measures central tendency and dispersion and OR as a measure of association. Results: Of the 2254 data analyzed, 55.37% were male, 88.08% are from the subsidized regime, 50.80% are dispersed rural area and socioeconomic stratum 1 contributed 51.33%. Breastfeeding for less than 6 months (OR = 1.96; 1.61-2.39) and the start of complementary feeding before 6 months (OR = 2.12; 1.72-2.59) were identified as risk factors for severe acute malnutrition. Conclusion: It is important to strengthen health programs and policies in order to ensure comprehensive and timely care for children under five years of age
Introdução: A desnutrição é um problema de saúde pública que afeta crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade. Na Colômbia, em 2021, 15.924 casos de desnutrição aguda foram notificados ao Sistema de Vigilância em Saúde Pública, com uma prevalência de 0,41 por 100 crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade, enquanto o Departamento de Boyacá teve uma prevalência de 0,54 por 100 crianças com menos de 5 anos de idade. Portanto, é importante estudar os fatores de risco para a desnutrição a fim de gerar informações para a tomada de decisões no Departamento. Objetivo: descrever o comportamento epidemiológico da desnutrição aguda em crianças com menos de cinco anos de idade no Departamento de Boyacá durante o período de 2017 a 2021. Materiais e métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional descritivo, transversal, analítico. Foram calculadas frequências absolutas e porcentagens, medidas de tendência central e dispersão e odds ratio como medida de associação. Resultados: Dos 2.254 dados analisados, 55,37% eram do sexo masculino, 88,08% pertenciam ao regime subsidiado, 50,80% viviam em áreas rurais dispersas e o estrato socioeconômico 1 representa-va 51,33% das informações. O aleitamento materno por menos de 6 meses (OR = 1,96; 1,61-2,39) e o início da alimentação complementar antes dos 6 meses (OR = 2,12; 1,72-2,59) foram identificados como fatores de risco para desnutrição aguda grave. Conclusão: É importante fortalecer os progra-mas e as políticas de saúde para garantir atendimento abrangente e oportuno para crianças menores de cinco anos
Subject(s)
Malnutrition , Public Health , Risk Factors , Epidemiological MonitoringABSTRACT
Objective To assess the risk of public health incidents in the Hankou River Beach during the 7th World Military Games, and to provide reference for risk early warning and emergency preparedness. Methods An expert consultation meeting was held to determine the evaluation index and risk scores. Based on the Kaiser model, a public health risk assessment system suitable for Hankou River Beach was established, and the risk value of each risk event was calculated by the method of risk value calculation. The risk matrix method was used to evaluate the risk levels of different risk events in different areas of Hankou River Beach. Then, according to the calculated Borda values and order values of risk events in different regions, the different risks were ranked in each area. Results The calculation revealed that the risk values of schistosomiasis in the first, second, third and fourth stages of the river beach were 8.43%, 14.68%, 25.26% and 27.56%, respectively; the risk values of vector infectious diseases in each stage were 13.42%, 16.40%, 18.67% and 19.22%; the risk values of accidental injury and other events were 20.34%, 22.94%, 19.00% and 16.53%. According to the risk matrix, the first and second stages of schistosomiasis and vector borne infectious diseases, as well as the fourth stage of accidental injuries were located in the low-risk zone, while the other risk events were in the medium risk zone. The ranking results of Borda sequence value showed that the highest risk public health events in the first and second phases of the river beach were accidental injuries and others, in the third phase was schistosomiasis and accidental injuries, and in the fourth phase was schistosomiasis. Conclusion Considering the results of each evaluation method, the public health events with the highest risk in phase I and phase II of the river beach were accidental injuries, while in phase III and phase IV were schistosomiasis. It is suggested that relevant departments should formulate different strategies and take targeted measures to ensure the public health and safety of Hankou river beach during the Military Games.
ABSTRACT
This study reports the factors which led a gated community located in Bragança Paulista (SP, Brazil), a non-endemic area for Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF), to be classified as a Risk Area for transmission of this disease, showing that an increasing resident population of capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in the area was likely responsible for a proliferation of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and acted as an amplifying host for Rickettsia rickettsii, the main etiologic agent of BSF. We report management actions proposed to control the local tick burden and reduce BSF risk, including measures to control parasitic and free-living tick populations and exclusion of the resident capybara population. Analyses of tick population data and R. rickettsii serology tests indicate that these measures were effective, greatly reducing the environmental burden of Amblyomma sculptum ticks and reducing the BSF transmission risk at the area.(AU)
Este estudo relata os fatores que levaram um Residencial localizado em Bragança Paulista (SP, Brasil), área não-endêmica para Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB), a ser classificado como Área de Risco para a doença, mostrando que uma crescente população residente de capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) na área era a provável responsável por uma proliferação de carrapatos Amblyomma sculptum e estava atuando como hospedeiro amplificador da bactéria Rickettsia rickettsii, principal agente etiológico da FMB. Relatamos as ações de manejo ambiental propostas para controlar a quantidade de carrapatos no local e reduzir o risco de transmissão da doença, incluindo medidas para o controle de populações de carrapatos parasíticas e no ambiente e a eliminação da população residente de capivaras. Análises de dados populacionais de carrapatos e testes serológicos para R. rickettsii indicaram que as medidas tomadas foram efetivas, causando grande redução da população de carrapatos no ambiente e reduzindo o risco de transmissão de FMB na área.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rodentia/parasitology , Pest Control, Biological , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/parasitology , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objective:To survey the prevalence of cattle ticks in Nur County and prepare a list of tick fauna in this district. Methods: This investigation was carried out on 150 head of cattle ticks of rural areas of Nur city which is located in Mazandaran province during spring and summer seasons of 2011. The collected ticks were identified using light microscope and available systematic keys. Results:A total number of 1 563 ticks were isolated from examined cattle and their genus and numbers including:Ixodes ricinus 51%(111 male and 691 female) and Boophilus annulatus 49%(83 male and 678 female), respectively. Conclusions:Results of the current investigation indicate the presence of two species of acarine ectoparasites which have potential health risk Ixodes ricinus and Boophilus annulatus. More studies are required to increase our data concerning ticks and other ectopreasites of ruminants in other areas of Mazandaran province and should be noted to their ability in transmission of infectious agents.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To survey the prevalence of cattle ticks in Nur County and prepare a list of tick fauna in this district.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This investigation was carried out on 150 head of cattle ticks of rural areas of Nur city which is located in Mazandaran province during spring and summer seasons of 2011. The collected ticks were identified using light microscope and available systematic keys.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total number of 1 563 ticks were isolated from examined cattle and their genus and numbers including: Ixodes ricinus 51% (111 male and 691 female) and Boophilus annulatus 49% (83 male and 678 female), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Results of the current investigation indicate the presence of two species of acarine ectoparasites which have potential health risk Ixodes ricinus and Boophilus annulatus. More studies are required to increase our data concerning ticks and other ectopreasites of ruminants in other areas of Mazandaran province and should be noted to their ability in transmission of infectious agents.</p>
ABSTRACT
Forty-six bottled water samples representing 16 brands from Dhaka, Bangladesh were tested for the numbers of total coliforms, fecal indicator bacteria (i.e., thermotolerant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.) and potential bacterial pathogens (i.e., Aeromonas hydrophil, Pseudomonas aeruginos, Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp.). Among the 16 brands tested, 14 (86%), ten (63%) and seven (44%) were positive for total coliforms, E. coil and Enterococcus spp., respectively. Additionally, a further nine (56%), eight (50%), six (37%), and four (25%) brands were PCR positive for A. hydrophila lip, P. aeruginosa ETA, Salmonella spp. invA, and Shigella spp. ipaH genes, respectively. The numbers of bacterial pathogens in bottled water samples ranged from 28 ± 12 to 600 ± 45 (A. hydrophila lip gene), 180 ± 40 to 900 ± 200 (Salmonella spp. invA gene), 180 ± 40 to 1,300 ± 400 (P. aeruginosa ETA gene) genomic units per L of water. Shigella spp. ipaH gene was not quantifiable. Discrepancies were observed in terms of the occurrence of fecal indicators and bacterial pathogens. No correlations were observed between fecal indicators numbers and presence/absence of A. hydrophila lip (p = 0.245), Salmonella spp. invA (p = 0.433), Shigella spp. ipaH gene (p = 0.078), and P. aeruginosa ETA (p = 0.059) genes. Our results suggest that microbiological quality of bottled waters sold in Dhaka, Bangladesh is highly variable. To protect public health, stringent quality control is recommended for the bottled water industry in Bangladesh.