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Objective@#To provide ideas for the modernization of pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by comparing and analyzing the current status and trends of modern research on pulse diagnosis in China and abroad, using bibliometric and visualization software.@*Methods@#Modern research literature on pulse diagnosis was searched in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database from the foundation to May 31, 2023, and in Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from January 1, 2003, to May 31, 2023. After further screening, Microsoft Excel 2019 was used for statistical analysis of publication volume, and CiteSpace (6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (1.6.20) softwares were employed for visual analysis of journals, countries/regions, authors, institutions, keywords, etc.@*Results@#This study included a total of 764 articles in Chinese and 1 459 articles in English. The publication trend of pulse diagnosis research in SCIE database showed an overall fluctuating upward trend, while it exhibited a fluctuating downward trend after 2007 in CNKI database. The volume of English research literature has consistently exceeded that of Chinese literature since 2009. Publications on pulse diagnosis research involved 74 countries/regions. The related journals covered various disciplinary fields, including mathematics, physics, chemistry, and computer science. The most prolific author in CNKI database was WANG Yiqin (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), while the highest number of publications was attributed to ZHANG David (The Hong Kong Polytechnic University) in SCIE database. High-volume institutions in pulse diagnosis research in China and abroad were predominantly TCM research institutions. However, comprehensive universities and other research institutions also made noteworthy contributions. In recent years, hot topics in the modernization of pulse diagnosis research in China included pulse waves, sensors, and artificial intelligence. Foreign research focused on pulse diagnosis systems, sensors, pulse feature extraction, pulse signal analysis, pulse detection, and efficiency of use.@*Conclusion@#Chinese scholars have shown notable participation and emphasis in the modernization research of pulse diagnosis, involving a wide range of disciplinary fields and indicating a characteristic of multidisciplinary cross-fusion development. The hotspots andtrends in the modernization of pulse diagnosis research primarily concentrate on the study of pulse condition and signal acquisition, the integration, development, and optimization of various algorithms with pulse diagnosis equipment, and the practical application research of existing objectified outcomes of pulse diagnosis.
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@#Following the quantum theory-based physical model of the human body, a new interpretation of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “Cunkou reads viscera” is presented. Then, a Gaussian pulse wave model as a solution to the Schrodinger equation is shown to accurately describe 19 different pulse shapes, and to quantitatively capture the degree of Yin-Yang attributes of 13 pulse shapes. Furthermore, the model suggests using pulse depth and strength as leading-order quantity and pulse shape as first-order quantity, to characterize the hierarchical resonance between the human body and the environment. The future pulse informatics will focus on determining an individual’s unique quantum human equilibrium state, and diagnose its health state according to the pulse deviation from its equilibrium state, to truly achieve the high level of TCM: “knowing the normal state and reaching the change”.
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This article introduced the experience of Professor YU Yun in treating the primary carcinoma of liver by using acupuncture after pulse diagnosis. Professor YU thinks that the overall pathogenesis of liver cancer is deficiency of zang-fu organs, so the cancer cells can invade and occupy in the liver. Therefore, Professor YU uses the way of supporting the healthy qi and driving out the cancer as the treatment principle from multiple organs and meridians. On the basis of the theories of Nei Jing, Professor YU creates the acupuncture after pulse diagnosis. He feels the pulse on the basis of four pulses: Cunkou, Renying, Chongyang, and Taixi. According to the feelings of the pulses, he compares the size and speed, strong or weak, smooth or nonfluency of the four pulses. In treatment, he uses reducing method when the pulse is strong and fast, and tonic method when the pulse is weak and slow. He chooses the main acupuncture points on head, face, belly, flank and lower limbs. According to the experience, Professor YU uses gold needle in tonic method and uses silver needle in reducing method. In this way, the acupuncture after pulse diagnosis can regulate zang-fu organs and meridians, yin and yang, qi and blood, and promote blood circulation for removing blood stasis and resolving dampness, and attack the retained fluid and tumour in the liver, and combined with adjunct points to treat cancer.
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Objective: To construct a female TCM management platform that integrates pulse diagnosis information to facilitate women's health status identification and conditioning of menstrual cycle related health problems. Methods:Using cloud computing technology, taking the EHR and knowledge base as the core, designing the TCM health information collection questionnaire according to the characteristics of women.s menstrual cycle related health problems, and incorporating the data collected by the Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis bracelet, the knowledge base can assist the development of a health management plan, designing a platform framework for combining the PC side of the doctor with the patient mobile APP. Results: The platform was conducive to the realization of more objective TCM consultation and pulse diagnosis information collection and long-term continuous monitoring, and can assist in the identification of women's menstrual problems and the development of health conditioning plans. Conclusion: The platform has good operability and practicability for the implementation of TCM health management for women with menstrual problems.
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The bamboo slips of medicine, from No. 361 to No. 628, unearthed in Laoguanshan are of the same specification, which shall be the same one as(《》) of theDynasty from Zhangjiashan in terms of the basic constitution and style. Hence, the medical slips, from No. 361 to No. 628, unearthed in Laoguanshan shall be titled asof Laoguanshan version, in which, the text on the "twelve meridians" is the combination and adaption from Y(《》) and(《》) in the slips ofof theDynasty from Zhangjiashan. The two chapters on "derived meridians" have compiled the names, running courses and differentiated disorders of the 12 meridians in the different eras at the early stage, and in the 9 of these 12 meridians, the prescriptions for moxibustion therapy have been attached for the treatment of the differentiated disorders, which reflexes the characteristics of(meridian) at different evolution stages before the formation of the concept of meridian. Regarding the descriptions on "pulse diagnostic method", two different methods are included, one is relevant with the decision of survival span, and another is with the localization of disorders.
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Pulse diagnosis is a kind of unique diagnosis methods of TCM. In addition to literature and clinical research in recent years, the application of modern science and technology in pulse diagnosis also achieved some results. This article reviewed the research about pulse diagnosis from the aspects of ancient literature, pulse theories, clinical application, objectification, standardization, and teaching methods.
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Objective To discuss the feasibility of Mongolian medicine pulse diagnosis in assessment of the disease situation of acute critically ill patients. Methods The clinical data of acute critically ill patients admitted in the Department of Emergency of Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medical Hospital from December 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and the role of Mongolian medicine pulse diagnosis in the evaluation of disease situations of patients with acute critical illness was observed. Results The improved early warning score (MEWS) at admission was carried out for all the patients in the Emergency Department of this hospital, 996 critically ill patients with their MEWS score ≥ 5 scores in accord with the inclusion criteria were allowed to undergo the Mongolian medicine pulse diagnosis, and of them, 654 patients showed specific changes in pulse condition. Shock appeared rapid pulse, microphygmia in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, severe anemia appeared the slippery pulse and rapid pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, severe arrhythmia appeared rapid pulse and slow pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, acute myocardial infarction appeared rapid pulse, weak pulse and slow pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, insufficiency of heart function appeared rapid pulse and weak pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, hypertension complicated with cerebral hemorrhage with forceful pulse and pulsus pulse are all suggestive of critical condition. Conclusions The specific changes in pulse condition of patients with acute critical illness in Mongolian medicine are helpful to the assessment of the patient's condition. This method can also be used as one of the tools for rapid assessment of disease situation in critical patients before going to hospital or in the hospital.
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This article summarizes LI Shimao's academic view of tracing the origin and differentiating the pulse and syndrome in six aspects.1) Emphasizing pulse in diagnosis:he put forward the new theories of pulse diagnosis such as differentiating syndrome by pulse diagnosis outline theory,deficiency and excess pulse diagnosis outline theory and interpreting pulse mechanism with Qi and blood outline theory.2) Emphasizing sweat promotion method in the three methods (including sweat promotion,emetic method and purgative method):he promoted sweat with acrid-warm drugs not only in the treatment of excess cold syndrome,but also in the treatment of deficiency cold syndrome.3) Emphasizing Yang deficiency in cold damage syndrome:he regarded Yang deficiency as an important reason for the attack of externally-contracted wind-cold.4) Emphasizing fire constraint in warm disease:he was the first to pinpointed that the nature of warm disease is stagnated heat,he was good at treating warm disease with clearing,venting and enriching methods of which venting is the core and he invented Xinjia Shengjiang San (新加升降散) to treat stagnated heat;5) Emphasizing treating phlegm and stasis in the complicated diseases:he thought the difficult and complicated diseases in modem medicine were similar to the phlegm syndrome and stasis syndrome in Chinese medicine,so he liked modifying Daotan Tang (导痰汤),ZHANG Zhongjing's formulae,WANG Qingren's formulae for removing blood stasis and Taohong Siwu Tang (桃红四物汤) to treat phlegm and stasis syndromes;6) Emphasizing emergencies in rescue period:he thought Chinese medicine did a great work in treating emergencies,and modern scientific and technological methods should be used in studying emergencies in Chinese medicine.
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This article classified and compared the latest researches on the objectification of pulse diagnosis based on its theory and purpose. It introduced the significance of objectification of pulse diagnosis, which also revealed the reason that hindered its development and applications in practice. The paper has an overview of its current status and some personal reflection on this issue.
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Targeting characteristic information processing of TCM pulse diagnosis, this article studied the application of fuzzy mathematics in objectifying pulse diagnosis. By analyzing limitations of traditional analytic methods, this article offered the scientific evidence of using mathematical algorithm in pulse diagnosis. At the same time, combined with actual clinical data, it also verified the correctness of introduction mathematical algorithm in TCM pulse diagnosis.
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Objective To acquire high spatial resolution two-dimension pulse pressure distribution for objectifying research of pulse diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine.Methods A sensor array with flexible packing was designed and implemented.The array was formed on a circle substrate with 37 silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors,which were distributed as equilateral triangles with 1.95 mm pitch.The diameter of the substrate was 15 mm.By using flexible packing,the array had the hardness similar to that of human finger,which made this method closer to the traditional Chinese diagnosis.After differential amplifying,37-way pulse pressure signals were digitalized and reconstructed to obtain the pulse pressure distribution.Results With the application of the sensor array,the pulse pressure signals were measured and transformed into pulse pressure distribution.Conclusions The experimental result contains the relevant characteristics of traditional Chinese pulse diagnosis' description,providing a new way for objective study of traditional Chinese pulse diagnosis and further study.
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This study was aimed to discuss the difference of Cun-Kou six-pulse (CKSP) diagram of different diseases. The ZBOX-I Type Pulse Digital Analyzer was used to collect CKSP diagram of 30 bronchial asthma cases and 33 chronic gastritis cases. Time-domain parameter was extracted for analysis. Comparison was made by statistical methods. The results showed that there was statistical difference on time-domain parameter of pulse diagram for different diseases (P<0.05). There was statistical difference on time-domain parameter of pulse diagram between the left side and right side (P<0.05). There were statistical differences on t4 of left Cun, t4 and h5 of right Cun, t1\t4 of left Chi between bronchial asthma and chronic gastritis cases (P<0.05). It was concluded that the single-cycle pulse diagram of chronic gastritis was wider but no higher than that of bronchial asthma. The systole phase of single-cycle pulse diagram of bronchial asthma occupied greater proportion than that of chronic gastritis. There was difference on Cun of time-domain parameter in pulse diagram between bronchial asthma and chronic gastritis. It was consistent with the theory of Cun-Kou sub-designated zang-fu organs, which was “left Cun designates heart, right Cun designates lung.” However, there was no further explanation on functional differences between the spleen and stomach. The mechanism of pulse difference on the left and right side still required further illustration.
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of differential diagnosis in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang, so that to improve level of medical diagnosis and treatment in clinical work. [Methods] Analyze and research 58 cases of medical records which involved in differential diagnosis in the book, to summarize the characteristic of differential diagnosis inmedical record of ZuiHuaChuang. [Results] There are 58 cases in 101 cases medical records in the whole book written by WangYu in Qing Dynasty. The differential diagnosis methods base on perimal symptoms, concomitant symptoms and pulse diagnosis, and the pulse diagnosis is attributed to the most importantly. The differential diagnosis based on pulse diagnosis is the key charcteristic ofmedical record of ZuiHuaChuang.
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Objective] To analyze the character of diagnosis and treatment of excessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang, so that to improve level of medical diagnosis and treatment in clinical work. [Methods] Analyze the diagnosis,treatment and nurse of medical records of excessive fluid zheng in the book, to summarize the characteristic of diagnosis and treatment of excessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang. [Results] There are 6 cases involvingexcessive fluid zhengin 101 cases medical records in the whole book which written by WangYu in Qing Dynasty. The key symptoms of excessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang including difficulty in micturition,dyspnea,thirsty,edema, cardiopalmus, vomiting, insomnia and string-tight pulse accompanied with rapid or stasis pulse. It was treated with WuLin San most of time, and used the method ofinvigorating spleen to eliminate dampnessto regulate the constitution.[Conclusion] The character of diagnosis and treatment ofexcessive fluid zheng in medical record of ZuiHuaChuang including:1. diagnosed by pulse diagnosis, especial y combined with symptoms,2.Treat with WulinSan,and emphasize regulation of constitution after erasing excessive fluid.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a great knowledge base that has been developed through thousands of years and has been accumulated a wealth of experience in diagnosis and treatment.TCM has advanced concepts,but lag behind the use of modern technology and means.With the progress of modern science and technology,the combination of TCM theory and moderm science and technology promotes the development of TCM engineering.TCM has been a breakthrough in diagnostic techniques and clinical treatment,especially modern TCM instruments.At present,diagnostic instruments of TCM mainly depend on pulse and tongue device,and gradually develop to four diagnostic comprehensive analysis platform.Therapeutic instruments of TCM include electroacupuncture device,meridian instrument,laser treatment device and magnetic therapy instrument.This article focuses on the current status,problems and trend on TCM diagnostic and therapeutic instruments,which mainly include diagnostic instruments,clinical treatment instruments,Chinese medical instruments.
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Standardizing Kampo medical findings is a significant challenge in Kampo medical circles. These findings are fundamental to Kampo diagnosis. This paper introduces our attempt to standardize these findings in a specialized Kampo medical service facility.<br>We started our project with verbal standardization. Nine medical doctors, all of whom were Kampo advisors or Kampo specialists, discussed issues such as subjective and objective findings, including those of the tongue, pulse, and abdomen, as well as the selection of target items, criteria for judgments on each item, and associated issues. When discussing the above issues, descriptions in prominent traditional Kampo texts were given most importance, and the wisdom of famous Kampo doctors since the Showa period was also given weight. In addition, we focused attention on clarifying the criteria for making judgments.<br>One hundred and twenty items were selected as subjective Kampo findings. We selected 12, 6 and 10 items as objective Kampo findings in the tongue, pulse, and abdomen, respectively, and provided criteria for judgments with each.<br>Our next challenge is to spread these standardizations in Kampo medical circles.
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With the development of translational medicine,medical equipment has become a booster of clinical and basic research,and the visualization of the Chinese traditional pulse diagnosis apparatus,NX-8-type pulse information acquisition and analysis system achieved the digital pulse diagnosis and sublimated the method of diagnosis.By using the visual sensing technology and image acquisition and processing technology,NX-8 displays the B-type ultra-sound images.With the parameter set and added,not only the pulse beat can be seen clearly,as well as border,thickness and deformation,and hens to perform direct analysis of the blood vessel elasticity,but also the objective observing and study of the dual diagnostic pulse,Anti-off pulse and other special physiological structure can be realized.By measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) and other indicators,NX-8-type pulse information acquisition and analysis system provides diagnosis and significant prevention of arteriosclerosis,hypertension,high cholesterol,angina and other cardiovascular diseases,and is expected to achieve a digital auxiliary diagnostic equipment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Sizhen,and be applied to telemedicine and the field of space science and technology.It is like a milestone in the development of TCM diagnostic techniques.
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Chi-pulse diagnosis is a kind of pulse diagnosis by only feeling Chi part of pulse.This method focuses on inborn Yin-yang,fire-water,and growth and decline of kidney essence,emphasizes on the physiological and pathological changes of eight extra meridians and extra viscera,clarifies and expands the content of narrow sense of yin-yang method.Chi-pulse diagnosis is prone to guided by the spot pulse feeling,do not limited by regular pulse name,and has special pulse diagnose experience and fixed knowledge of formula prescription.
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Objective To develop a new,three dimensional dynamic system for pulse detection.Methods According to bionics,a multi-information sensing mode with a soft surface is designed on the basis of traditional Chinese medical diagnosis in pulse.This mode imitates the touching sense of human finger and with the application of modern computer information processing technique,the pulse information is extracted in the way that is as close as possible to the traditional Chinese medicine pulse diagnosis.Results With the application of new sensor,pulse signal is detected and the effectiveness of the inovative three-dimension data transimition mode is validated since the pulse signal is three-dimensionally re-displayed on the computer screen.Conclusion The method introduced in this paper is proved feasible for detecting pulse information.Expected results are obtained and the method provides a new way and new feature reference for research and teaching in objectifying the diagnosis of traditional Chinese medical sciences.
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Acupuncture is an important portion of Complimentary and Alternative Medicine and has been applied widely, but understanding of acupuncture is not complete, a steady progress has been made in recent years with modernized techniques. The controversies of acupuncture should be defined through scientific evidence. There are a lot of problems for application of acupuncture in practice and research, such as, in the diagnosis, therapy and evaluation of acupuncture. We need standardized tools and scientific methods for diagnosis and treatment. It is an essential key to refine the effect of acupuncture and to prove the mechanisms. We should have basic concepts of acupuncture and apply it objectively for promotion of health and prevention of illness and treatment of disease as mentioned in Medical Acupuncture. Korean Hand Acupuncture Therapy (KHT) has many advantages for this purpose. It was found and developed in 1971 and since has been widely used in the world. KHT is easy to learn and to practice without side effect. The important concept of health in KHT is defined as the harmonized state of cerebral circulation which consists of anterior and posterior circulation. Disease and dysfunction result from imbalance of the anterior and posterior circulation. We present the basic concept of KHT and some studies to prove the mechanism of acupuncture using thermograph, transcranial Doppler and fMRI. We need a standard research protocol of acupuncture. KHT can be a good candidate for this purpose. KHT fulfills the requirements such as role, theory, diagnosis, treatment and evaluation and study.