ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for improving the purchase management policy of priority reviewed drugs in China. METHODS： Based on the purchase management policy of priority reviewed drugs in China， priority reviewed drugs approved for market by the end of 2017 were sorted out； the priority reviewed drugs that had been purchased in a clear way were selected and classified according to the reasons for their inclusion in the priority review. The procurement methods of different categories of priority reviewed drugs in different provinces were compared in order to find out the shortcomings of priority reviewed drug procurement management and put forward related suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： By the end of 2017， 56 priority reviewed drugs achieved marketing authorization， 16 of which were purchased through provincial drug procurement platforms. Among the 16 drugs mentioned above， there were 13 priority reviewed drugs of which purchase methods were specific， including direct online purchase， price-limited online purchase， bidding purchase， price-negotiated purchase， bidding purchase and record purchase. And the direct online purchase was used the most frequently. According to the reasons included in the priority review， above 13 drugs with specific purchase methods were divided into 5 categories such as new drugs with obvious clinical value， urgent medical needed drugs， pediatric drugs， first generic drugs， the drugs which had passed investigational new drug application. China’s purchase management policy of priority reviewed drugs still had shortcomings through three aspects， including the system design， purchase method and management procedure. There is no sufficient connection between the registration review policy and the procurement policy. In addition to the clinical badly-needed priority reviewed drugs， the procurement methods of priority reviewed drugs in the remaining categories was not uniform， and the regional difference was large. And the utilization degree of pharmacoeconomic evaluation during the drug purchasing process needed to be improved. It is suggested to make the category of drug purchase more detailed combining with the classification of drug registration， unify the method of drug purchase to make the purchase way of each kind of priority reviewed drugs explicit， standardize the management of drug purchase and improve the attention and utilization of pharmacoeconomic evaluation， so as to improve the accessibility of priority reviewed drugs in China.
ABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Insidious symptomatology, late clinical presentation and poor prognosis of oesophageal cancer (EC) highlight the pressing need for novel non-invasive biomarkers for early tumour diagnosis and better prognosis. The present study was carried out to evaluate the clinical significance of circulating and tissue miR-144 expression in oesophageal cancer. Methods: Clinical significance of miR-144 expression was evaluated in preneoplastic (12) and neoplastic (35) oesophageal cancer tissues as well as matched distant non-malignant tissues using real-time PCR (qPCR). Circulating levels of miR-144 were also analyzed in serum samples of EC patients as well as normal individuals to determine the diagnostic potential of miR-144. Further, targets of miR-144 were predicted using bioinformatic tools and their gene ontology (GO) terms were assigned. Results: Real-time PCR analysis revealed significant upregulation of miR-144 in 29 of 35 (83%) EC tissues as compared to matched distant non-malignant tissues (P=0.010). All the dysplastic tissues showed upregulation of miR-144 as compared to their matched distant non-malignant tissues. Relative levels of circulating miR-144 in serum significantly distinguished EC patients from normal controls (P=0.015; AUC = 0.731) with high sensitivity of 94.7 per cent. Bioinformatically predicted target, PUR-aplha (PURA) was found to be significantly (P=0.018) downregulated in 81 per cent (26/32) EC patients and its expression was found to be significantly and negatively correlated with miR-144 expression at mRNA level. Interpretation & conclusions: Our findings showed significant upregulation of miR-144 in serum samples of EC patients indicating its potential as minimally invasive marker. Further studies need to be done to understand the role of miR-144 in the pathogenesis of EC.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Immature platelet fraction (IPF) is the percentage of reticulated platelet (RP) of total platelet count. We measured an IPF reference range using XE-2100 blood cell counter with upgraded software (Sysmex, Japan) and evaluated the clinical utility of this parameter for the laboratory diagnosis of thrombocytopenia due to an increase in peripheral platelet destruction. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples collected into K2 EDTA (Beckton Dickinson, USA) were analyzed at Chonbuk National University Hospital. One hundred forty-two samples from apparently healthy adults (all routine full blood count parameters including platelets within the healthy reference range) were used to establish a normal reference range for IPF. The patients were classified into 3 groups including hypoplastic (consisted of 22 patients undergoing chemotherapy with falling platelet counts and 14 with aplastic anemia), cirrhotic (40 with cirrhosis of liver), and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (14 with ITP) groups. RESULTS: An IPF reference range in healthy individuals was established as 0.4-5.4%, with a mean of 1.7%. A significant increase in IPF values was found in the ITP patient group. The cut-off value of IPF was 6.1% and its sensitivity and specificity were 92.9%, and 82.9% respectively. Reproducibility was good. CONCLUSIONS: A rapid, inexpensive automated method for measuring IPF is feasible and should become a standard parameter in evaluating thrombocytopenic patients.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Platelet Count/methods , Stem Cells/cytology , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosisABSTRACT
Objective To explore the mechanisms on the damage in fetus liver,kidney and brain with administration of mifepristone and mesoproseol.Methods 17 specimens were obtained from the women who volunteered to terminate their pregnancy during 10～28 weeks.According to the fetus weight,they were divided into 3 groups.Immunohistochemistery was induced to investigate the expressions of pur-?,HSP70.Results The expressions of pur-? and HSP70 could be observed in both the treatment group and the control group.pur-? and HSP70 are the targets in detecting the damage of DNA.But pur-? was more sensitive than HSP70.The damage on group Ⅱ is the strongest.Conclusion Mifepristone can lead to the damage to lover,kidney and brain in mid-pregnancy.Its damage will be reducing as the growing of fetus.