Nursing care management in radiation protection in interventional radiology / Gestion del cuidado de enfermeria en la protección radiológica em radiologia intervencionista / Gestão do cuidado em enfermagem na proteção radiológica em radiologia intervencionista

ABSTRACT Objective: To reflect on the elements of nursing care management in radiological protection in interventional radiology. Methodology: A reflection paper based on national and international articles and laws addressing the nursing care management issue and radiological protection in interventional radiology. Results: From the conceptions of nursing care management and professional practice, the following elements were perceived in this management: expertise and applicability of the radiological protection principles, biological effects of ionizing radiation, occupational dose monitoring, personal and collective protective equipment, patient safety, training in radiological protection, quality assurance program. Conclusion: The management of nursing care in radiological protection in interventional radiology is implemented in an elementary way regarding care aimed at dose reduction, either for workers or patients. There is a need to recognize, understand and characterize the management of nursing care in this scenario.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre los elementos de la gestión del cuidado de enfermeria en la protección radiológica en radiología intervencionista. Metodología: Estudio reflexivo realizado a partir de artículos y legislación nacional e internacional que abordan el tema de la gestión de cuidados de enfermería y protección radiológica en radiología intervencionista. Resultados: A partir de las concepciones de la gestión del cuidado de enfermería y la actuación profesional en la práctica, se apreciaron los siguientes elementos de esta gestión: conocimientos y aplicabilidad de los principios de protección radiológica, efectos biológicos de las radiaciones ionizantes, monitorización de dosisocupacional, equipos de protección individual y colectiva, seguridad del paciente, educación en protección radiológica, programa de garantía de calidad. Conclusión: La gestión de los cuidados de enfermería en protección radiológica en radiología intervencionista se implementa de forma incipiente en lo que respecta a los cuidados dirigidos a la reducción de dosis, ya sea para trabajadores o pacientes. Es necesario reconocer, comprender y caracterizar la gestión de los cuidados de enfermería en este escenario.

RESUMO Objetivo: Refletir sobre os elementos da gestão do cuidado em enfermagem na proteção radiológica em radiologia intervencionista. Metodologia: Estudo reflexivo realizado a partir de artigos e legislação nacional e internacional abordando a temática da gestão do cuidado em enfermagem e proteção radiológica em radiologia intervencionista. Resultados: A partir das concepções de gestão do cuidado em enfermagem e atuação profissional na prática vislumbrou-se como elementos dessa gestão: conhecimentos e aplicabilidade dos princípios de proteção radiológica, efeitos biológicos da radiação ionizante, monitoramento de dose ocupacional, equipamentos de proteção individual e coletiva, segurança do paciente, educação em proteção radiológica, programa de garantia de qualidade. Conclusão: A gestão do cuidado em enfermagem em proteção radiológica em radiologia intervencionista é implementada de forma incipiente no que tange aos cuidados voltados para redução de dose, seja para trabalhadores ou paciente. Torna-se necessário reconhecer, compreender e caracterizar a gestão do cuidado em enfermagem nesse cenário.

The radiology department in covid-19 pandemic: approach and outcome at a semi-urban tertiary hospital

There has been an increase in the exposure of radiology staff worldwide in the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic. To prevent the spread of disease to the frontline radiology staff, different departments have instituted diverse preventive and precautionary measures. However, the adaptability of the plethora of interventions available for the prevention of disease transmission depends partly on the socio-economic capability of the affected setting. Objectives: To outline the approach and outcome of a radiology department in a resource-constrained setting at University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospitals (UNIMEDTH), Ondo State Nigeria, to the curtailment of disease transmission to the departmental staff. Materials and Methods: An observational report on the approach for curtailment of COVID-19 disease transmission to departmental staff and the outcome, at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospitals (UNIMEDTH), Ondo State Nigeria. The approach utilized in such resource-constrained setting was observed between April 2020 and April 2021. This was documented by taking notes and pictures and the outcome presented. Results: Eight cases of COVID-19 infection were recorded among 66 staff of the department. This is a case rate of 12.1%. Conclusion: Our modest preventive measures helped reduce patient-to-staff and inter-staff transmission of COVID-19 virus to the minimum.

The COVID-19 pandemic impact on gross income and utilization of radiologic services in a Philippine COVID-19 public tertiary referral hospital

Background@#The global economy has been severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic which proved to be more than a public health crisis. Volume and gross income have also declined in the health service sector including the diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy divisions of the radiology departments in other countries. @*Objective@#This study determined the change in volume and gross income of the Radiology Department of a tertiary hospital which was designated as a COVID-19 referral center in the Philippines.@*Methodology@#Monthly records of the profit centers of the Radiology Department were reviewed noting the volume and gross income one year before and during the first year of the pandemic. @*Results@#Records were successfully retrieved for the volume of procedures and revenue for each profit center from one year before the pandemic (from March 1, 2019 to February 28, 2020) and the first year of the pandemic (from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021). There was a total reduction of 120,046 procedures conducted and Php 84,837,614.16 in revenues generated between the two periods. This is equivalent to a 61.98% (range: 47.92% to 83.37%) decrease in the volume of procedures and a 45.02% (range: 31.08% to 77.86%) decrease in revenue. These changes were found to be statistically significant.@*Conclusion@#The COVID-19 pandemic caused a decline of all profit centers in the Radiology Department. The decline was associated with changes in quarantine restrictions. Data from this study may help the administration of the institution or other institutions to conduct their own studies and cope with future pandemics of similar magnitude or further surges of the current pandemic on decisions regarding budget and resource allocation.

Subspecialized radiology reporting: productivity and impact on the turnaround times for radiology reports in a middle-income country / Radiologia subespecializada: produtividade e impacto no tempo de resposta dos relatórios de radiologia em um país em desenvolvimento

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect that transitioning from a model of general radiology reporting to one of subspecialized radiology reporting has on report turnaround times (TATs) and on productivity in the radiology department of a hospital in a middle-income country. Materials and Methods: The reporting workflow in our radiology department was changed from general reporting (any radiologist reporting imaging studies for any specialty) to subspecialized reporting (radiologists exclusively reporting imaging studies that fall within their subspecialty-abdominal, musculoskeletal, cardiothoracic, emergency, or neurological imaging). This was a retrospective study in which we compared general reporting with subspecialized reporting in terms of the following variables: the TAT; the proportions of reports completed within 2 h and within 24 h (TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, respectively); and productivity. Data were collected over two 24-month periods (2015-2016 for general reporting and 2017-2018 for subspecialized reporting). Results: A total of 208,516 reports were generated. The median report TAT decreased from 49.1 h and 52.9 h in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 16.1 h and 15.2 h in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p < 0.001). The TAT-2h also improved, increasing from 8.7% and 7.9% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 52.0% and 61.3% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p < 0.001), as did the TAT- 24 h, which increased from 12.1% and 14.1% in 2015 and 2016, respectively, to 74.3% and 78.7% in 2017 and 2018, respectively (p < 0.001). Between the two periods, the total number of scans performed increased by 33% (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a subspecialized reporting system significantly improved the median TAT for radiology reports, as well as increasing the TAT-2h and TAT- 24 h, during a time of increased productivity.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da transição de um modelo de laudos em radiologia realizados por radiologistas gerais para um modelo relatado por subespecialização no tempo de resposta de relatórios (TAT) em radiologia e produtividade em um departamento de radiologia em um país em desenvolvimento. Materiais e Métodos: O fluxo em nosso departamento foi modificado de um sistema de relatórios gerais (qualquer radiologista lauda exames de imagem de qualquer especialidade) para um sistema de subespecialização (radiologistas laudam exclusivamente exames de imagem pertencente a sua subespecialidade - abdominal, musculoesquelético, cardiotorácico, emergência e neurologia). Este estudo retrospectivo avaliou a TAT, TAT-2 horas e TAT-24 horas e a produtividade num período de 24 meses de relatórios gerais (2015-2016) comparado a um período de 24 meses do sistema de subespecialização (2017-2018). Resultados: No total, 208.516 laudos foram gerados. A TAT reportada reduziu de uma média de 49,1-52,9 horas durante o período geral para 15,2-16,1 horas durante o período de relatórios por subespecialidade (p < 0,001). TAT-2 horas e TAT- 24 horas aumentaram significativamente de 7,9-8,7% para 52,0-61,3% e de 12,1-14,1% para 74,3-78,7%, respectivamente (p < 0.001). O número total de exames aumentou em 33% (p = 0.001) comparando os dois períodos. Conclusão: A implementação de um sistema de laudos por subespecialidade aumentou o TAT em radiologia, incluindo benefícios no TAT-2 horas e TAT-24 horas durante um período de aumento da produtividade.

Sofrimento moral dos profissionais das técnicas radiológica em serviço de radiologia convencional de Santa Catarina / Moral distressof radiological technologistsin conventional radiology service in Santa Catarina

Introdução: ouso da radiação ionizante na prática médica pode ocasionar eventos nocivos à saúde do indivíduo exposto. Diante disso, o emprego ético da radiação ionizante deve contemplar o que preconiza a legislação nacional e internacional, assim como os princípios de proteção radiológica e da bioética. O sofrimento moral relaciona-se à dimensão ética na prática da saúde,podendo afetar os profissionais das técnicas radiológicas. Objetivo: identificar as situações desencadeadoras de sofrimento moral nos profissionais das técnicas radiológicas em um serviço de radiologia convencional. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. Usou-se como técnicas de coleta de dados a observação participante, a entrevista semiestruturada e a validação consensual. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise temática. Resultados e discussão: observou-se situações de sofrimento moral quando o profissional da técnica radiológica se deparava com pacientes em condições clínicas de se dirigir a unidade de diagnóstico e imagem, diante da não indicação clínica do exame radiológico, ante ao desrespeito dos princípios de proteção radiológica e perante a falta de autonomia para fazer cumprir os preceitos éticos do emprego da radiação ionizante. Conclusão: o desrespeito dos princípios legais, assim como dos princípios de proteção radiológica e bioéticos levamo profissional das técnicas radiológicas ao sofrimento moral.

Introduction: The use of ionizing radiation in medical practice may cause harm to the health of the exposed individual. Thus, the ethical use of ionizing radiation must contemplate what is required by national and international legislation, as well as the principles of radiological protection and bioethics. Moral distress is related to the ethical dimension in healthpractice, and may affect radiological technologists. Objective:To identify the situations that trigger moral distress among radiological technologistsin a conventional radiology service.Methodology:This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research. Data collection techniques were participant observation, semi-structured interview and consensus validation. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results and discussion:Situations of moral distress were observed when the radiological technologist was faced with patients in clinical conditions to go to the diagnostic and imaging unit, due to the non-clinical indication of the radiological exam, due to the disrespect of the protection principles and lack of autonomy to enforce the ethical precepts of the use of ionizing radiation. Conclusion:Failure to respect the legal principles as well as the principles of radiological and bioethical protection lead the professional of radiological techniques to moral distress.

Desgastes dos profissionais das técnicas radiológicas em um serviço de radiologia convencional de Santa Catarina / Sources of exhaustion among hospital conventional radiology technicians in Santa Catarina, Brazil

Introdução: Os profissionais da saúde estão expostos a cargas de trabalho que interagem com o corpo e podem gerar desgastes. Entre esses profissionais, temos os das técnicas radiológicas. Objetivo: Descrever os desgastes presentes no processo de trabalho dos profissionais das técnicas radiológicas em serviço hospitalar de radiologia convencional no estado de Santa Catarina. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória. A técnica de coleta de dados foi entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com 12 profissionais técnicos em radiologia. A análise ocorreu por meio da análise temática Resultados: Destacaram-se três categorias de desgaste: os osteoarticulares, que foram manifestados por dores no ombro e na coluna vertebral; os psíquicos, que abordaram o estresse e o desgaste emocional e psicológico; e os do sistema respiratório, manifestando-se por meio de resfriado, pneumonia e rinite. Conclusões: A pesquisa permitiu dar visibilidade aos desgastes ocasionados pelo processo de trabalho dos profissionais das técnicas radiológicas em radiologia convencional. Evidenciou-se que esses desgastes são similares aos de outras categorias profissionais na área da saúde

Background: Health care workers, including radiology technicians, are exposed to work burdens liable to cause exhaustion. Objective: To describe sources of exhaustion within the work process of technicians at a hospital department of conventional radiology in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Methods: Qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study in which data were collected from 12 radiology technicians by means of semi-structured interviews. The data were subjected to thematic analysis. Results: Three sources of exhaustion stood out: musculoskeletal, represented by shoulder and back pain, mental, corresponding to stress and emotional and psychological overload, and respiratory, manifested as colds, pneumonia and rhinitis. Conclusion: The present study makes visible sources of exhaustion within the work process of radiology technicians, which are similar to those that affect other categories of health care workers.

Application of scenario simulation combined with PDCA cycle in the training of new recruits in the radiology department / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective to explore the value of scenario simulation combined with PDCA cycle in the training of newly recruited staff of the radiology department. Methods thirty newly recruited members of the radiology department were selected as research subjects and received three months of training using scenario simulation combined with PDCA cycle teaching. The subjects took examinations before and after the training to estimate its effect on the their first-aid related knowledge and skills, as well as the apprehension of professional knowledge; questionnaires were used to collect the subjects' self-evaluation and their feedbacks for the training. T test was conducted using SPSS 20.0. Results the scores of first aid related knowledge, first aid instrument use, first aid skills and first aid ability after training were significantly higher, and the differences were statistically significant. After the training, the staff's performance in terms of noun explanation, problem solving and essay questions was significantly higher than that before the training, and the overall performance was significantly improved. More than 90％of the new recruits believed that scenario simulation combined with PDCA had practical effects on improving clinical practice ability , knowledge understanding, comprehensive analysis, problem solving ability and cooperative ability. More than 85％ of the subjects considered it helpful for mastering the teaching content , improving learning efficiency , developing independent learning ability and stimulating learning interest. Conclusion scenario simulation teaching combined with PDCA can improve new employee's learning interest and teaching satisfaction, and further improve doctor-patient communication ability and training effect.

Custeio Baseado em Atividade e Tempo (TDABC) em um departamento de radiologia hospitalar no sul do Brasil / Time-driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) in a department of radiology of a hospital from the South of Brazil

Objetivo: Mensurar o custo dos serviços do departamento de radiologia de um hospital privado no sul do Brasil e avaliar o desempenho financeiro do setor quando comparado ao repasse da tabela aos hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Estudo de caso baseado na metodologia Custeio Baseado em Atividade e Tempo (TDABC). Após a definição dos exames de maior incidência, houve a análise do processo de realização de exames de radiografia de tórax, ecografia de abdômen total, tomografia de crânio, tomografia de tórax, ecografia pélvica transvaginal, ecografia de aparelho urinário e ressonância magnética de crânio. Foram coletados os tempos das atividades para a realização de cada exame, informações dos custos do departamento, bem como as definições das capacidades dos serviços para calcular o custo dos exames em função das atividades e tempo. Resultados: Pode-se inferir que, na comparação com os valores de repasse do SUS, todos os exames analisados apresentaram custos superiores ao repasse. Além disso, observou-se que cerca de 80% dos custos estão relacionados ao custo fixo da estrutura do departamento de radiologia e 12%, ao profissional médico. Conclusão: O TDABC demonstrou ser um método oportuno para análise de custeio em um departamento de radiologia hospitalar. Por meio dos resultados apresentados, pode-se propor melhorias a fim de reduzir custos para um maior desempenho do serviço.

Objective: Measuring the cost of services of the department of radiology of a private hospital in the South of Brazil and to evaluate the financial performance of the sector when compared to the transfer of the chart to hospitals of the Unified Health System (SUS). Methods: A case study based on the TDABC methodology was applied. After the definition of the tests of higher incidence, the process of performing chest x-ray examinations, total abdomen ultrasound, cranial tomography, chest tomography, transvaginal pelvic ultrasound, urinary tract ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging were analyzed. The time of the activities to perform each exam, information of the costs of the department, as well as the definitions of the capacities of the services were collected to calculate the cost of the exams according to the activities and time. Results: It can be inferred that in the comparison with the values of pass-through of the SUS, all of the examinations analyzed presented higher costs than the pass-through. In addition, it was observed that about 80% of the costs are related to the fixed cost of the structure of the radiology department and 12% to the medical professional. Conclusion: TDABC was an opportune method for costing assessment in a department of hospital radiology. Through the presented results, improvements can be proposed in order to reduce costs for a higher performance of the service.

Analysis on DR waste film rates in different characteristic cases / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To evaluate the causes of DR waste film rates in different characteristic cases,and provide basis for quality control.Methods DR waste film rates of 98 503 cases from PACS were analyzed.All cases were grouped according to gender,age,X ray projection direction and projection position.The differences of DR waste film rates between the groups were compared.Results DR waste film rate in 98 503 cases was 4.89％ and factors that caused waste film were incorrect position,foreign materials,motion artifacts,machine problems and inappropriate X ray dosage.DR waste film rate was affected by gender,age,X ray projection direction,but not affected by projection position.Conclusion Analysis of DR waste film rate in different characteristic cases could provide basis for the quality control to reduce the DR waste film rate.

Neuroradiologist education training：the enlightenment from Vrije University Medical Center / 中华医学教育探索杂志

By taking Vrije University Medical Center as an example, this paper introduced the cur-rent Neuroradiologist education training system which had the characteristics of training in a comprehen-sive and focused way, multi-disciplinary integration and paying attention to the combination of academic and clinical research. Through the comparison of the status quo of China's sub specialist training, Neuro-radiologist education training system in the Netherlands provided an important reference for China's sub specialty training.

The work proces in radiological nursing: invisibility ofionizing raiiation / Procso de trabajjo e enfermería radiológica: la invisibilidad de laa radiación ionizante / Processo de rabaalho na enfermagem radiológica: a invisibilidade da radiação ionizante

ABSTRACT Qualitative descriptive and exploratory research, performed with 20 nursing professionals working in a general radiology unit and surgery center with the "C-arm" equipment, and the hemodynamics unit of a southern Brazilian teaching hospital. Aim was to analyze the dimensions of the work process for radiological technology nurse professionals. This paper made clear that radiological technologies are outside nursing, which leads to the invisibility of ionizing radiation, leading to inappropriate attitudes about radiological protection, which can be related to harm in professionals, caused by lack of knowledge about this issue. Among radiological nursing work process dimensions, the care dimension emerged. The necessity of implementing a continuous educational program in services which utilize radiological technologies was emphasized, thereby promoting, for patients and for nursing professionals, safer environments and integral care.

RESUMEN Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria realizada con 20 profesionales de enfermería que actúan en los sectores de radiología general, centro quirúrgico, con el equipamiento de arco en "C" y el sector de hemodinamia de un hospital-escuela al sur de Brasil. El objetivo fue analizar las dimensiones del proceso de trabajo de los profesionales de enfermería que actúan con las tecnologías radiológicas. Ese estudio evidenció que las tecnologías radiológicas son ajenas a la enfermería, lo que induce a invisibilidad de la radiación ionizante, implicando en prácticas incorrectas de protección que puede relacionarse con desgastes en los trabajadores provocados por poco conocimiento acerca del asunto. Dentro de las dimensiones del proceso de trabajo en enfermería radiológica, la dimensión cuidado sobresalió. Apúntase la necesidad de implementación de un programa de educación permanente en los servicios que utilizan las tecnologías radiológicas para que proporcionen, para los pacientes y los profesionales de enfermería, ambientes más seguros y una asistencia integral.

RESUMO Pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada com 20 profissionais de enfermagem que atuam nos setores de radiologia geral, centro cirúrgico com utilização de equipamento de arco em "C" e hemodinâmica de um hospital-escola do Sul do Brasil. Objetivo de analisar as dimensões do processo de trabalho dos profissionais de enfermagem que atuam com as tecnologias radiológicas. O estudo evidenciou que as tecnologias radiológicas são externas à enfermagem, induzindo à invisibilidade da radiação ionizante, o que implica em práticas incorretas de proteção, que podem se relacionar com desgastes nos trabalhadores, provocados pelo pouco conhecimento sobre o assunto. Dentre as dimensões do processo de trabalho na enfermagem radiológica, a dimensão cuidado sobressaiu-se. Aponta-se a necessidade de implantação de um programa de educação permanente nos serviços que utilizam as tecnologias radiológicas para que se proporcionem, aos pacientes e aos trabalhadores de enfermagem, ambientes mais seguros e uma assistência integral.

Status and influence factors of the self-protection behaviors of imaging survey nurses / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To survey the status and influence factors of radiology department nurses self-protection behavior. Methods The radiology department nurses′self-protection behavior questionnaire compiled by the researchers were used to conduct a questionnaire survey of 100 nurses in different grade hospitals. Results Scores of the item body fluid of patients with contact contaminated were wearing glovesof second-class hospital and third-class hospital were (3.695±0.73) points and (3.73±0.74) points, and there was no statistically significant different between them (P> 0.05). The other items about self-protective behavior of nurses from different levels of hospitals had some differences (t=-4.24-2.43, P<0.05). Conclusions Self-protective behavior of radiology department nurses is affected by many factors. Nursing managers should take effective measures to improve nurses′self-protective consciousness and ability.

The enlightenment of radiology resident education training in Pennsylvania State University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

By taking American Penn State University Medical Center as an example, the paper introduced the current American radiology resident education training situation and elaborated the radiology resident rotation system, multiform teaching model and academic research training. Medical education in American sheds light on how to reasonably arrange rotation, mobilize students' subjective initiative and improve scientific research ability, which radiology resident medical education in China can draw lessons from.

Tempo de enfermagem em centro de diagnóstico por imagem: desenvolvimento de instrumento / Nursing time in a diagnostic imaging center: development of an instrument

OBJETIVO: Desenvolver um instrumento para medir o tempo despendido pela equipe de enfermagem, nas intervenções realizadas em centros de diagnóstico por imagem. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal desenvolvido em hospital geral particular, conforme estas etapas: A) Identificação das atividades de enfermagem por meio de revisão bibliográfica e observação em campo. B) Mapeamento cruzado das atividades identificadas em intervenções de enfermagem, conforme a Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC). C) Validação das intervenções. D) Teste-piloto do instrumento com utilização da técnica de amostragem do trabalho. RESULTADOS: Foram validadas pelos juízes 92 atividades de enfermagem correspondentes a 32 intervenções da Classificação de Intervenções de Enfermagem NIC. As intervenções mais frequentes foram: Assistência em Exames, Documentação, Gerenciamento de Caso, Acompanhamento por telefone, Cuidados na admissão e Troca de Informações sobre cuidados de Saúde. CONCLUSÃO: O instrumento proposto para medição do tempo de trabalho da enfermagem, fundamentado nas intervenções de enfermagem em Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem, foi validado e encontra-se disponível para utilização.

OBJECTIVE: To develop an instrument to measure the time spent by nursing staff in interventions performed in diagnostic imaging centers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in private general hospital, according to these steps: A) Identification of nursing activities through literature review and field observation. B) Crossed-mapping of the activities identified in nursing interventions, according to the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC). C) Validation of interventions. D) Pilot-test with instrument's utilization, with work-sampling technique. RESULTS: Were validated by the judges 92 nursing activities corresponding to 32 interventions NIC.. These interventions were most frequent: Assistance in exams, Documentation, Case Management, follow-up by telephone, care in the admission and exchange of information on health care. CONCLUSION: The instrument proposed for measurement of job's nursing time, based on nursing interventions on CDI, was validated and is available for use.

Atuação de enfermeiros em um Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem / Practice nurses in Center of Image Diagnosis

Objetivo - Buscou-se conhecer a atuação das enfermeiras que trabalham no Centro de Diagnóstico por Imagem. Método - Estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa aprovada pelo protocolo n. 463/2009. Resultados - No Brasil as radiações ionizantes e materiais radioativos são regulamentados pela Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear. A competência do enfermeiro em radioterapia, medicina nuclear e serviços por imagem foi estabelecido na Resolução nº 211/98 que destaca as funções: planejar, organizar, supervisionar, executar e avaliar todas as atividades de enfermagem em clientes submetidas à radiação ionizante. Conclusão - Ressalta-se a escassez de trabalhos publicados sobre o tema na enfermagem, por isso novos estudos devem ser realizados para contribuir como fonte de conhecimento e informação aos enfermeiros e profissionais da área de saúde.

Objective - Our goal was to get familiar with the performance of the nurses that work in the Center of Image Diagnosis. Method - Descriptive study of qualitative approach approved by protocol number 463/2009. Results - In Brazil, ionizing radiation and radioactive material areregulated by the "Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear" (National Commission of Nuclear Energy). The competence of a nurse in radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and imaging services was established by resolution number 211/98, which emphasizes the following functions:plan, organize, supervise, execute and evaluate all the nursing activities involving clients exposed to ionizing radiation. Conclusion - We want to point out the lack of published articles about this topic in nursing. Thus, new studies must be carried out to contribute to nurses and professionals of the health area, as a source of information and knowledge.

Applying Six Sigma management to shorten the waiting time of outpatients accepting radiography / 中华护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Six Sigma management for shortening the waiting time of outpatients accepting radiography and improving patient satisfaction. Methods Six Sigma management was applied to identify the key points critical to quality in the process of radiography,analyze the factors influencing the waiting time,and take targeted measures to modify the process. Results The waiting time of patients accepting radiography was reduced by an average of 25.2min and the rate of dissatisfaction was decreased by 18%. Conclusion The application of Six Sigma management can effectively shorten the waiting time of outpatients accepting radiography and increase patient satisfaction.

Radiology departments development in secondary hospitals and above in Shandong province / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To study the development of medical imaging in Shandong province and identify existing problems. Methods 378 secondary hospitals and above were surveyed with questionnaires and other means for a general picture of their radiology departments. The survey covered medical imaging examinations, human resources and equipment configurations. Results The recent five years have found a rapid growth of a variety of medical imaging examinations, digital imaging in dominance, high-end equipments as the mainstream, sufficient staffing, shortage of high-level talents in these hospitals. Conclusion The medical imaging examinations should be regarded as justified and reasonable, the competence of hospital staff should be upgraded, and operation of medical imaging examinations should be normalized.

Application of PACS in Fully Digitization of Radiology Department / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the establishment and application of PACS of our hospital, and its significance for the digitization of the radiology department. Methods PACS was adopted to store and transmission of images by CR, CT, MRI, DSA. The radiologist used PACS workstation to perform post-processing of the images. Results With PACS, filmless viewing, improved diagnosis quality, accelerated generation of diagnosis report could all be implemented. Conclusion With the application of PACS to digital and filmless imaging, the patient service by the hospital can be highly improved.

Construction and Application of Computer System in Radiology Department of Medium and Small Hospitals / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the construction and application of computer system in the radiology department of medium and small hospitals.Methods Through the local area network,the self-invented Radiological Information System(RIS) was linked to the Hospital Information System(HIS) and Wandong DR equipment software in coordination with the Neusoft CT software and the digital stomach and intestines software.Results A simple extraordinary and practical radiological information system was established,which possessed functions of PACS.Conclusion The management level in radiology department is enhanced and the working efficiency is increased.

Application of PACS in Radiology Department / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the work modes of PACS in radiology department.Methods New work flow was established to integrate all equipments of radiology department into a system by PACS,so as to implement the transmission and storage of image data.Results The application of PACS resulted in promoted integration and informatized management & quality inspection in radiology department.Conclusion With PACS,the work flow of radiology department is optimized,and the medical quality and work efficiency are enhanced greatly.