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Objective To analyze the difference of radiomics features between solitary brain metastasis and glioma using routine 3T TI, T2 and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging, to explore the significance of texture features constructed in different directions and angles in tumor regions in distinguishing the two kinds of tumors, and to explore a feasible method for high-precision classification of solitary brain metastases and gliomas. Methods Given the multimodal images of 43 patients with glioma and 45 age- and sex- matched patients with solitary brain metastasis, the gray level co-occurrence matrices of different angles of each slice were constructed from the transverse, coronal and sagittal directions of the tumor regions of these images, and the texture spatial relationship features (including contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity) were calculated. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to eliminate redundant features and select features with strong distinguishing ability. Finally, SVM linear kernel classifier was used to classify the selected features to achieve the identification of the two kinds of tumors. Results When classifying glioma and solitary brain metastasis, the precision, recall, Fl score and accuracy of multimodal and multidirectional combination features were 0.8857, 0.9114, 0.8944 and 0.8922, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve obtained by linear kernel SVM classifier was 0. 9602. Totally 40 of the 45 patients with solitary brain metastases were correctly classified, and 39 of the 43 gliomas were correctly classified. Conclusion The multimodal and multi-directional combination features of tumor areas can be classified by linear kernel SVM classifier to distinguish gliomas from solitary brain metastases, which can be used as a second opinion to effectively assist doctors in making diagnosis.
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The purpose of this paper was to introduce the CMH χ2 test and SAS software implementation of the three kinds of R×C contingency table data. The first type was called “two-way unordered R×C contingency table data”. The CMH χ2 test corresponding to this type of data was essentially the Pearson’s χ2 test. The second type was called “R×C contingency table data with an ordinal outcome variable”. The CMH χ2 test corresponding to this kind of data was essentially a rank sum test. The third type was called “R×C contingency table data which was of two ordinal variables with different attributes”. The CMH χ2 test corresponding to the data was essentially Pearson’s correlation analysis or Spearman’s rank correlation analysis. When there were 1 or 2 “ordinal variables” in the R×C contingency table data， it was necessary to “assign or score” the ordinal variables before performing statistical analysis. In the FREQ procedure of SAS/STAT， there were four scoring methods. With different scoring approach， both the expression form and the calculation results of CMH χ2 test statistics could change accordingly.
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The purpose of this article was to introduce the rank sum test and its SAS implementation. The concrete contents included the following three aspects： ①the simple linear rank test of two-sample data， ②the one-way ANOVA rank sum test of the multi-sample data， ③the "scoring methods" in the aforementioned two situations. In the third aspect above， there were 10 concrete scoring approaches. Based on an example and with the aid of the SAS software， the paper implemented the first-type rank sum test previously， explained the output results， and made statistical and professional conclusions.
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In this paper,many examples of misusing statistics analyzing the qualitative data are unveiled.Obviously,it is extremely important for people to process the qualitative data correctly by checking the types of contingency tables and the preconditions of data.
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Object: To explore the effects and the influent agents of early education on the healthy termed infants. Methods: 52 healthy termed infants voluntary to the exercise center as experimental group were early educated. The other 52 infants as control group were in the same elementary conditions comparing to the experimental group. The experimental group was trained the corresponding projects and examined DQ at the beginning and the 3 rd,6 th,9 th month after training. The control group was only examined DQ at the beginning and after 9 months. Results:①At the 9 th month after training, DQ of the experimental group was improved 21.9?13.6, which was much 7 times higher than that of the control group, which was improved 3?3.0 (P
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Although health education is an important part of health services for the elderly, the contents of municipal health education programs differ from year to year because services are supervised by individual municipalities. In regional health, education programs are rarely developed with apparent general instructional or special behavioral objectives, and the effects of education are rarely adequately evaluated. A workshop on developing programs was held for dieticians working at health centers in Niigata Prefecture. The participants showed a more positive attitude toward program development. The process of curriculum planning in medical education can also be applied to program development for regional health education.
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OBJECTIVE:To correct the standard of bismuth content in Weishusan.METHODS:The contents of effective bismuth in Weishusan and other three reference substances were detected by compleximetry.After adjusting the dosage of Weishusan,clinical rank sum test was carried out.RESULTS:The content of bismuth in original formula of Weishusan was rather high,therefore the inventory of bismuth subcarbonate in preparation technic of Weishusan should be reduced to7.0kg.CONCLUSION:The quality standard should be reformulated as bismuth subcarbonate0.1g(?10%)in per gram of Weishusan.