ABSTRACT
The “eighteen antagonisms” of Chinese medicinals have been regarded as taboos in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the connotations have gradually been narrowed down in the development of TCM. From the historical perspective， “eighteen antagonisms” are not an absolute taboo in terms of the combination of medicinals， and the existing types of antagonism medicinals are also worth further discussion. From the perspective of toxicological effects， the toxicology of the “eighteen antagonisms” mainly comes from the enhancement of the toxic and side effects of a certain herb， rather than the combination of two herbs. From the perspective of pharmacodynamic actions， the combination of some antagonism medicinals can achieve therapeutic effects that cannot obtained by conventional medicinals， which is feasible and reasonable in clinical practice. Therefore， it is believed that the application of combining some antagonism medicinals based on “eighteen antagonisms” is of positive significance. Moreover， strict combination， processing and decoction methods should be noted in the use of antagonism medicinals. All mentioned above will provide reference for the correct recognition and use of the combination of “eighteen antagonisms”， and broaden the combination thinking for the treatment of clinical diseases with TCM.
ABSTRACT
@# The “eighteen antagonisms” of Chinese medicinals have been regarded as taboos in the field of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， and the connotations have gradually been narrowed down in the development of TCM. From the historical perspective， “eighteen antagonisms” are not an absolute taboo in terms of the combination of medicinals， and the existing types of antagonism medicinals are also worth further discussion. From the perspective of toxicological effects， the toxicology of the “eighteen antagonisms” mainly comes from the enhancement of the toxic and side effects of a certain herb， rather than the combination of two herbs. From the perspective of pharmacodynamic actions， the combination of some antagonism medicinals can achieve therapeutic effects that cannot obtained by conventional medicinals， which is feasible and reasonable in clinical practice. Therefore， it is believed that the application of combining some antagonism medicinals based on “eighteen antagonisms” is of positive significance. Moreover， strict combination， processing and decoction methods should be noted in the use of antagonism medicinals. All mentioned above will provide reference for the correct recognition and use of the combination of “eighteen antagonisms”， and broaden the combination thinking for the treatment of clinical diseases with TCM.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To provide rational evidence for the administration of warfarin in clinic by investigating the utilization of warfarin in our hospital.METHODS:By retrospective analysis,the prescription of warfarin in our hospital was obtained from November 2016 to February 2017 from the system for clinical pharmacist.The general situation of the inpatient,the diagnosis of disease,the use of warfarin,and the combination of drugs and the number of International Normalized Ratio (INR) were statistically and descriptively analyzed.RESULTS:In this investigation,200 patients were included,of whom 53％ were males and 47％ were females with an average age of (55.28 ± 13.56) years.Only 21％ of the average INR values reached the predicted range (2 ＜ INR ＜ 3) during hospitalization and the average dose of warfarin was (2.62 ± 0.60)mg.In patients with INR ＜ 2,there were 66.92％ of patients combined with more than one kind of drugs,which decreased the effect of warfarin.In patients with INR ＞ 3,there were 80％ of patients combined with more than one kind of drugs,which increased the effect of warfarin.CONCLUSION:The rate of warfarin compliance is low and the warfarin-drug interactions exert a great influence on the patients whose INR value did not reach the predicted range.Thus,to keep the drug safety of patients,more attention should be paid on drug interactions and direct personalized medicine using professional knowledge of pharmacy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the rationality of medication in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).Methods The medication of 46 children in PICU of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University with the average age of (34.74 ±45.5) months during May 3, 2011 and December 5, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The study was conducted statistically on the basis of pharmacopoeia, medical documents and other related medical materials.Results Among 46 ca-ses, irrational drug use was found in 28 patients (60.87%).A total of 100 irrational drug using habits such as potential drug interactions and incompatibility were presented.Compatibility taboo and pDDIs top four drugs were16 cases of furosemide (16%), 12 cases of vancomycin and dexamethasone (12%), 11 cases of midazolam injection (11%), and 9 cases of Phe-nobarbital (9%).Conclusion According to the characteristics of pediatric medication, pharmacists should take advantage of drug synergy when vigilant about the side effects of multi -medication, especially paying close attention to the potential inter-action of some commonly-prescribed drugs as well as reducing the prescriptions of multi -medications in order to improve the rationality of drug use in PICU.