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1.
Ribeirão Preto; s.n; 2020. 74 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1426604

ABSTRACT

O consumo intermitente de etanol, denominado binge drinking está relacionado a prejuízos para a saúde do indivíduo. Binge drinking descreve o padrão de consumir bebidas alcoólicas que resulta em concentração sanguínea de etanol igual ou superior a 0,08 g/dL (consumo de 70/56 gramas de etanol para homens/ mulheres) em um período de 2 horas. Os mecanismos que medeiam os danos orgânicos induzidos pelo consumo de etanol em padrão binge não são conhecidos. Portanto, o desenvolvimento de modelos experimentais que permitam o melhor entendimento desses mecanismos é de interesse. A hipótese desse estudo é a de que o consumo em binge ative os receptores AT1 que irá promover aumento do estresse oxidativo sistêmico. Portanto, o presente projeto foi delineado de forma a investigar a participação dos receptores AT1 no estresse oxidativo sistêmico induzido pelo consumo de etanol em padrão binge. Com esse propósito, ratos Wistar Hannover com idade entre 60 e 70 dias (270 a 300 g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: 1) Controle: os animais tiveram livre acesso a água e receberam diariamente água por gavagem; 2) Etanol binge: os animais tiveram livre acesso a água e receberam etanol na dose de 2 g/kg (10 mL/kg de uma solução 26% v./v.) por gavagem por período de 5 semanas. A administração de etanol foi realizada 4 dias por semana; 3) Losartan: os animais tiveram livre acesso a água e receberam losartan (10 mg/kg) diariamente por gavagem; 4) Etanol binge + losartan: os animais tiveram livre acesso a água e receberam etanol na dose de 2 g/kg por gavagem por período de 5 semanas. Esses animais também receberam losartan (10 mg/kg) diariamente por gavagem. Ao término do tratamento os animais foram anestesiados com uretana 1,25 g/kg em solução 25% (5 mL/kg) e mortos por exsanguinação seguida do rompimento do diafragma. O sangue e o coração (ventrículo esquerdo) foram coletados para realização de análises bioquímicas. O tratamento com etanol não alterou o peso dos animais ao longo do tratamento. Não foram detectadas diferenças do consumo de ração e de água entre os grupos ao longo das 5 semanas de tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo de etanol em padrão binge não alterou a concentração plasmática de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS) e do peróxido de hidrogênio (H2O2) bem como a atividade plasmática das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD), da concentração plasmática de glutationa reduzida (GSH) e da atividade plasmática da catalase. Perfil semelhante foi observado no ventrículo esquerdo, além da não observação da expressão proteica da ERK 1/2. Com isso, o consumo de etanol em binge não alterou o estresse oxidativo sistêmico e tecidual ou alteração dos sistemas de defesa antioxidante.


Intermittent consumption of ethanol, called binge drinking, is related to damage to the individual's health. Binge drinking describes the pattern of consuming alcoholic beverages that results in blood ethanol concentration equal to or greater than 0.08 g / dL (consumption of 70/56 grams of ethanol for men / women) in a period of 2 hours. The mechanisms that mediate organic damage induced by ethanol consumption in a binge pattern are not known. Therefore, the development of experimental models that allow a better understanding of these mechanisms is of interest. The hypothesis of this study is that consumption in binge activates AT1 receptors that will promote an increase in systemic oxidative stress. Therefore, the present project was designed to investigate the participation of AT1 receptors in systemic oxidative stress induced by the consumption of ethanol in a binge pattern. For this purpose, Wistar Hannover rats aged between 60 and 70 days (270 to 300 g) were randomly assigned to 4 groups: 1) Control: the animals had free access to water and received daily water by gavage; 2) Binge ethanol: the animals had free access to water and received ethanol at a dose of 2 g / kg (10 mL / kg of a 26% v./v. Solution) by gavage for a period of 5 weeks. Ethanol was administered 4 days a week; 3) Losartan: the animals had free access to water and received losartan (10 mg / kg) daily by gavage; 4) Ethanol binge + losartan: the animals had free access to water and received ethanol at a dose of 2 g / kg per gavage for a period of 5 weeks. These animals also received losartan (10 mg / kg) daily by gavage. At the end of the treatment, the animals were anesthetized with 1.25 g / kg urethane in 25% solution (5 mL / kg) and killed by exsanguination followed by rupture of the diaphragm. Blood and heart (left ventricle) were collected for biochemical analysis. Treatment with ethanol did not change the weight of the animals during the treatment. There were no differences in feed and water consumption between groups over the 5 weeks of treatment. The results showed that the consumption of ethanol in a binge pattern did not alter the plasma concentration of substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as the plasma activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), the plasma concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) and plasma catalase activity. A similar profile was observed in the left ventricle, in addition to not observing ERK 1/2 protein expression. As a result, ethanol consumption in binge did not alter systemic and tissue oxidative stress or alter antioxidant defense systems.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Receptors, Purinergic P2 , Oxidative Stress , Ethanol/adverse effects , Binge Drinking
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(3): 820-830, Sept. 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893059

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy is a source of human exposure to ionizing radiation. This pure energy causes deleterious effects on tissues, which result from oxidative stress, a phenomenon in which there is the participation of the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). The male genital organs are extremely radiosensitive and the action of radiation in the testes can significantly affect spermatogenesis. In search of potential radioprotective for male genital system, this study investigated whether the AT1 receptor antagonists minimize radiation-induced damage to reproductive tissues, by decreasing oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: 0 Gray (Gy) (control), 5 Gy (single dose in the scrotal area), telmisartan, losartan, 5Gy+telmisartan and 5Gy+losartan. The treatment started the day after irradiation with losartan 34 mg/kg (two times/day) and telmisartan 12 mg/kg (one time/day) during 60 days. For ultrastructural analysis, the testis fragments were fixed in 2 % glutaraldehyde and 4 % paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.3. The material was postfixed for 2 h in 1 % osmium tetroxide. For collagen evaluation, the sections were stained with Picrosirius-red method. Serum testosterone was determined. The date showed the deleterious effects of gamma radiation on testicular ultrastructure. Rich accumulation of collagen fibers in the interstitium was observed in the irradiated groups, especially the irradiated and nontreated testes. No significant difference was detected in serum testosterone concentration among the studied experimental groups. Treatments with telmisartan and losartan influenced the onset of attenuation on ultrastructural damages arising from ionizing radiation. Although the data strongly suggest that AT1 receptor antagonists may promote radioprotection to the testes, further studies with a longer duration of treatment are required for these potentially positive effects to be maximized and, therefore, to better characterize radioprotection to reproductive parameters.


El tratamiento radioterápico es una fuente de exposición del ser humano a la radiación ionizante. Esta energía pura causa efectos deletéreos en los tejidos, debido al estrés oxidativo, fenómeno donde hay participación del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina. Los órganos genitales masculinos son extremadamente radiosensibles y la acción de la radiación en los testículos puede afectar significativamente la espermatogénesis. En la búsqueda de potenciales radioprotectores, este estudio ha investigado fármacos antagonistas del receptor AT1 que minimizan los daños radioinduzidos en los tejidos reproductivos, por medio de la disminución del estrés oxidativo. Ratones Wistar machos fueron distribuidos en seis grupos: grupo 0 Gray (Gy) (control), grupo 5 Gy (dosis única en el área escrotal), grupo telmisartán, grupo losartán, grupo 5Gy+telmisartán y grupo 5Gy+losartán. El tratamiento empezó en el día siguiente a la irradiación con losartán 34 mg/kg (2x/día) y telmisartán 12 mg/kg (1x/día), durante 60 días. Para el análisis ultraestructural, los testículos se fijaron en glutaraldehido (2 %) y paraformaldehido (4 %) con tampón de fosfato 0,1 M, pH 7,3. El material fue post-fijado en tetróxido de osmio (1 %). Para evaluar el colágeno fue utilizado el método Picrosirius Red. Fue determinada la concentración sérica de testosterona. Los datos mostraron los efectos deletéreos de los rayos gamma sobre la ultraestructura testicular. Fue observada una rica deposición de colágeno en el intersticio en los grupos irradiados, especialmente en el irradiado y no tratado. Entre los grupos, no se detectó ninguna diferencia significativa en la concentración sérica de testosterona. Los tratamientos con telmisartán y losartán influenciaron el comienzo de la atenuación de los cambios en la ultraestructura testicular de la radiación. A pesar de que los datos sugieren que los antagonistas del receptor AT1 pueden promover radioprotección a los testículos, estudios complementarios con una duración de tratamiento más extendida son necesarios para que los efectos potencialmente positivos sean maximizados y, por supuesto, puedan mejorar la caracterizacion de la radioprotección a los parámetros reproductivos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Radiation Injuries/prevention & control , Radiation, Ionizing , Radiation-Protective Agents/administration & dosage , Testis/drug effects , Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers/administration & dosage , Organ Size/radiation effects , Renin-Angiotensin System/radiation effects , Spermatogenesis/radiation effects , Testis/radiation effects , Testis/ultrastructure , Rats, Wistar , Oxidative Stress , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
3.
Botucatu; s.n; 2011. 125 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-688359

ABSTRACT

Variados agentes moleculares ativam mecanismos determinantes de alterações teciduais do coração, com frequente ocorrência de interação bioquímica entre estímulos distintos, como vigente entre angiotensina II (Ang-II) e insulina. A sinalização molecular principiada pela Ang-II é carreada a partir do acoplamento com receptores do tipo 1 (AT1) e culmina na ativação de proteínas quinases ativadas do mitógeno (MAPK), como extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) e c-Jun N-terminal (JNK). Em analogia, a ação da insulina sobre o receptor de insulina ( RI) determina a estimulação de respostas proliferativas e efeitos vinculados ao metabolismo de macro e micronutrientes. Por meio da ativação de receptores AT1, a Ang-II interfere na sinalização da insulina, regulando a fosforilação de tirosina e dessensibilizando três mensageiros de estímulos metabólicos: o receptor ( RI), o substrato receptor de insulina (IRS) e o peptídeo fosfatidil inositol 3 quinase (PI3K). Embora essas manifestações configurem importantes mecanismos de resistência à insulina na obesidade, não foram encontrados estudos abordando essa relação em modelos experimentais de obesidade exógena. O objetivo deste trabalho foi testar a hipótese de que a obesidade acarreta distúrbios metabólicos, endócrinos e cardiovasculares, incluindo remodelação e resistência insulínica cardíaca, decorrentes da ativação de receptores AT1. Ratos Wistar-Kyoto foram distribuídos em dois grupos: C e OB; ambos os grupos C e OB receberam, respectivamente, dietas padrão e hipercalórica durante 30 semanas...


Several molecular agents trigger cytosolic mechanisms of cardiac remodeling, with common occurrence of biochemical interaction between different stimuli, as observed between angiotensin II (Ang-II) and insulin. The molecular signaling from Ang-II is carried through the coupling of the receptor type 1 (AT1) and culminates in the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK), including extracellular signal-regulated (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal (JNK). Similarly, the action of insulin on the insulin receptor ( RI) determines the stimulation of proliferative responses and multiple effects linked to metabolism of macro and micronutrients. Through activation of AT1 receptors, Ang-II interferes with insulin signaling by regulating the phosphorylation of three messengers of metabolic stimuli from insulin: the receptor ( IR), insulin receptor substrate (IRS) and phosphatidil inositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Although these events configure important mechanisms of insulin resistance in obesity, there are no studies addressing this relationship in experimental models of exogenous obesity. This study investigated whether obesity causes metabolic, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases, including insulin resistance and cardiac remodeling, due activation of AT1 receptors. Wistar-Kyoto rats (n=40) were subjected to control (C) or hypercaloric diet (OB) for 30 weeks and then assigned to four groups: C, C+Los, OB, and OB+Los. Los-groups received losartan (30mg/kg/day) during five weeks. Afterward, besides the nutritional and biometric analyzes, glycemia, lipids, insulin, leptin and activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme were also evaluated...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Rats , Angiotensin II , Heart , Obesity/metabolism , Vasoconstrictor Agents , Rats, Inbred WKY
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