Avances en endodoncia regenerativa: reporte de caso con uso de la membrana amniótica humana / Advances in regenerative endodontics: report of a case using a human amniotic membrane

Los procedimientos endodónticos regenerativos (REPs) representan una evolución significativa en el campo de la endodoncia, buscando no sólo tratar la infección o lesión presente en el diente, sino tam-bién promover la regeneración de los tejidos denta-rios afectados. El presente caso clínico muestra un incisivo lateral superior izquierdo con apexogénesis incompleta y diagnóstico de absceso alveolar crónico reagudizado en una paciente de 22 años, en el que se aplicó un procedimiento de endodoncia regenerativa (REPs). La estrategia terapéutica elegida se basó en los principios de ingeniería tisular, incorporando la novedosa aplicación de la membrana amniótica hu-mana liofilizada esterilizada como andamio bioactivo intraconducto. Las evaluaciones clínicas, radiográ-ficas y tomográficas a corto, mediano y largo plazo revelaron el éxito de la terapia. La resolución exitosa mostró en los controles a la pieza dentaria asintomá-tica, con una notable remisión de la patología apical, aumento de la longitud radicular y disminución del calibre apical. Se ha podido destacar la eficacia de los REPs, con una exitosa aplicabilidad de la membra-na amniótica como andamio innovador (AU)

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) represent a significant evolution in the field of endodontics, aiming not only to address the infection or injury within the tooth, but also to promote the regeneration of the affected dental tissues. In this clinical case, an upper left lateral incisor with incomplete apexogenesis and diagnosis of acute exacerbation of a chronic periapical lesion in a 22-year-old patient is presented. A regenerative endodontic procedure (REPs) was applied. The chosen therapeutic strategy was based on tissue engineering principles, incorporating the innovative use of sterilized lyophilized human amniotic membrane as an intraconduct bioactive scaffold. Clinical, radiographic, and tomographic assessments at short, medium, and long-term follow-up revealed the success of the therapy. Successful resolution demonstrated an asymptomatic tooth in the follow-up, with a notable resolution of apical pathology, increased root length, and decreased apical caliber. The effectiveness of REPs has been highlighted, demonstrating the successful applicability of amniotic membrane as an innovative scaffold (AU)

Research advances on stem cell-based treatments in animal studies and clinical trials of lymphedema / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To summarize the progress of the roles and mechanisms of various types of stem cell-based treatments and their combination therapies in both animal studies and clinical trials of lymphedema.@*METHODS@#The literature on stem cell-based treatments for lymphedema in recent years at home and abroad was extensively reviewed, and the animal studies and clinical trials on different types of stem cells for lymphedema were summarized.@*RESULTS@#Various types of stem cells have shown certain effects in animal studies and clinical trials on the treatment of lymphedema, mainly through local differentiation into lymphoid endothelial cells and paracrine cytokines with different functions. Current research focuses on two cell types, adipose derived stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages, mainly reflected in the therapeutic effect of stem cells, the difficulty of obtaining stem cells and the content in vivo. In addition, stem cells can also play a synergistic role in combination with other treatments, such as conservative treatment, surgical intervention, cytokines, biological scaffolds, and so on. However, it is still limited to the basic research stage, and only a small number of studies have completed clinical trials.@*CONCLUSION@#Stem cells have great transformation potential in the treatment of lymphedema, but there is no unified standard in the selection of cell types, the amount of transplanted cells, and the timing of transplantation.

Advances in corneal stromal regeneration and repair / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Corneal stroma is a significant part of the cornea and plays a significant role in the eye's refractive system. Although corneal transplantation is now the most effective treatment for corneal stromal disease, its advancement has been constrained by a shortage of donors, the need for prolonged immunosuppressive medicine to prevent rejection, and low graft survival rates. An alternate strategy is to use the corneal stroma's natural capacity for regeneration to create the ideal conditions for the collagenous extracellular matrix of the stroma to self-renew. However, it is challenging to replicate the intricate ultrastructure of the corneal stroma in vitro. Regenerative medicine has so been used to address these issues. These approaches refer to numerous disciplines, including stem cell-induced differentiation, tissue engineering and gene editing. This article provides potential directions for the future clinical applications of corneal stromal regeneration and repair while summarizing pertinent techniques, research progress, and issues.

Research progress on dedifferentiated fat cells and their application in oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering / 口腔疾病防治

@#The identification of suitable seed cells represents a critical scientific problem to be solved in the field of oral and maxillofacial bone tissue regeneration. The application of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in tissue and organ repair and regeneration has been studied extensively. In recent years, dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells have also shown broad application prospects in the field of bone tissue engineering. DFAT cells express stem cell-related markers and have the potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, nerve cells, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. In addition, DFAT cells also have the advantages of minimally invasive acquisition, strong proliferation and high homogeneity. Currently, all studies involving the application of DFAT cells in scaffold-based and scaffold-free bone tissue engineering can confirm their effectiveness in promoting bone regeneration. However, cytological research still faces some challenges, including relatively low cell culture purity, unclear phenotypic characteristics and undefined dedifferentiation mechanisms. It is believed that with the continuous development and improvement of isolation, culture, identification and directional induction of osteogenic differentiation methods, DFAT cells are expected to become excellent seed cells in the field of oral and maxillofacial bone tissue engineering in the future.

Can a dentin bonding agent prevent color change in regenerative endodontic procedures? An in vitro evaluation

Abstract This in vitro study aimed to determine the efficacy of dentin bonding agents in preventing color changes following Regenerative Endodontic Procedures. One hundred twenty bovine incisors were endodontically prepared and randomly assigned to a two main factors design: application of a dentin bonding agent (Scotchbond Adper, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) in the pulp chamber (Group 1, n=60) versus no bonding intervention (Group 2, n=60), and five levels of intracanal medication (n=12/subgroup): Triple antibiotic paste (TAP), double antibiotic paste (DAB), calcium hydroxide (CH), modified triple antibiotic paste (TAPM), and Control (CTL). Color changes were measured over 28 days at multiple time points (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days) using the CIEDE2000 formula to calculate the color difference (ΔE00) from baseline (T0). The ΔE00 quantifies the perceptible color difference between the initial and final tooth color, with lower values indicating less discoloration. The results were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA-2 and post-hoc Holm-Sidak tests. The TAP subgroups, both with and without the bonding agent, exhibited the highest color variation. However, a pulp chamber seal with a bonding agent showed a protective effect against discoloration compared to no seal, even though complete prevention was not achieved. All groups demonstrated ΔE00 values beyond acceptable interpretation thresholds for clinical application, primarily driven by a reduction in lightness (L*) and a decrease in redness (a* value, shifting towards green). In conclusion, while the pulp chamber seal with a bonding agent mitigated TAP-induced discoloration, it did not eliminate it.

Resumo Este estudo in vitro avaliou adesivos dentinários na prevenção de alterações de cor após procedimentos endodônticos regenerativos. Cento e vinte incisivos bovinos foram preparados endodonticamente e aleatoriamente designados para um desenho com dois fatores principais: aplicação de agente adesivo (Scotchbond Adper, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, EUA) na câmara pulpar (Grupo 1, n=60) versus não intervenção adesiva (Grupo 2, n=60), e cinco níveis de medicação intracanal (n=12/subgrupo): pasta de triantibiótica (TAP), pasta diantibiótica (DAB), hidróxido de cálcio (CH), pasta triantibiótica modificada (TAPM) e Controle (CTL). Alterações cromáticas foram monitoradas por 28 dias em intervalos (1, 3, 7, 14, 21, e 28 dias), usando CIEDE2000 para calcular a diferença de cor (ΔE00) em relação a cor inicial. O ΔE00 quantifica a diferença entre a cor inicial e final do dente, com valores menores indicando menos descoloração. Os resultados foram analisados usando ANOVA-2 de medidas repetidas e teste posthoc de Holm-Sidak. Os grupos utilizando medicação TAP, com ou sem adesivo, possuíram as maiores variações cromática. Contudo, o uso do adesivo na câmara pulpar mostrou um efeito protetor contra descoloração, em comparação com a ausência do selamento adesivo, embora a prevenção completa não tenha sido alcançada. Todos os grupos demonstraram valores de ΔE00 além dos limiares aceitáveis para aplicação clínica, principalmente devido à redução na luminosidade (L*) e redução no vermelho (a*, deslocando-se em direção ao verde). Em conclusão, enquanto o selamento da câmara pulpar com um agente adesivo mitigou a descoloração induzida pelo TAP, mas não a eliminou completamente.

The effect of injectable platelet-rich fibrin and platelet-rich fibrin in regenerative endodontics: a comparative in vitro study

Abstract Objective To explore the feasibility of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in regenerative endodontics by comparing the effect of i-PRF and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on the biological behavior and angiogenesis of human stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAPs). Methodology i-PRF and PRF were obtained from venous blood by two different centrifugation methods, followed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to quantify the growth factors. SCAPs were cultured with different concentrations of i-PRF extract (i-PRFe) and PRF extract (PRFe), and the optimal concentrations were selected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The cell proliferation and migration potentials of SCAPs were then observed using the CCK-8 and Transwell assays. Mineralization ability was detected by alizarin red staining (ARS), and angiogenesis ability was detected by tube formation assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of genes related to mineralization and angiogenesis. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results i-PRF and PRF showed a similar three-dimensional fibrin structure, while i-PRF released a higher concentration of growth factors than PRF ( P <.05). 1/4× i-PRFe and 1/4× PRFe were selected as the optimal concentrations. The cell proliferation rate of the i-PRFe group was higher than that of the PRFe group ( P <.05), while no statistical difference was observed between them in terms of cell mitigation ( P >.05). More importantly, our results showed that i-PRFe had a stronger effect on SCAPs than PRFe in facilitating mineralization and angiogenesis, with the consistent result of RT-qPCR ( P <.05). Conclusion This study revealed that i-PRF released a higher concentration of growth factors and was superior to PRF in promoting proliferation, mineralization and angiogenesis of SCAPs, which indicates that i-PRF could be a promising biological scaffold for application in pulp regeneration.

Protocolo para el tratamiento de la recesión gingival con membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas

Introducción: Es necesario la aplicación de protocolos de actuación como herramientas que permiten homogeneizar los procedimientos plásticos periodontales regenerativos y establecer las pautas de actuación del Periodontólogo para el abordaje de las recesiones gingivales con esta modalidad terapéutica de avanzada. Objetivo: Diseñar un protocolo para el tratamiento de la recesión gingival mediante la utilización de la membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas, asociada al colgajo de avance coronal. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación con enfoque cualitativo en la Facultad de Estomatología de Villa Clara, de julio de 2020 a diciembre de 2021. Para el diseño del protocolo se empleó una fase de preparación y una de elaboración; dentro de esta última se estructuraron tres momentos: revisión sistemática de la literatura, aplicación de técnicas grupales (grupo focal y nominal) y conclusión del documento. Se realizó una valoración por criterios de especialistas externos antes de concluir la estructura definitiva del protocolo. Resultados: Se consultaron cinco guías para la confección de protocolos, cinco protocolos de atención médica y enfermería y 10 estomatológicos. La estructura del documento quedó conformada por: portada, introducción, objetivos, profesionales a quienes va dirigido, población diana, proceso de elaboración, procedimiento, algoritmo, fecha de implementación y revisión, proceso de implantación, indicadores de evaluación, glosario y referencias bibliográficas. Conclusiones: Se diseñó un protocolo de actuación que establece las pautas para la realización del proceder terapéutico regenerativo, desde la selección de los pacientes hasta la evolución de la terapéutica. El documento se valoró por especialistas externos como positivo.

Introduction: It is necessary to apply action protocols as tools to homogenize regenerative periodontal plastic procedures and to establish the guidelines for the periodontist to approach gingival recession with this advanced therapeutic modality. Objective: To design a protocol for the treatment of gingival recession using platelet-rich fibrin membrane associated with coronal advancement flap. Methods: A research with a qualitative approach was carried out in the School of Stomatology of Villa Clara, from July 2020 to December 2021. For the design of the protocol, a preparation phase and an elaboration phase were used; within the latter, three moments were structured: systematic review of the literature, application of group techniques (focal and nominal group) and conclusion of the document. An evaluation by external specialists was carried out before finalizing the definitive structure of the protocol. Results: Five guides for the preparation of protocols, five medical and nursing care protocols and 10 stomatological protocols were consulted. The structure of the document consisted of: cover page, introduction, objectives, target professionals, target population, elaboration process, procedure, algorithm, implementation and revision date, implementation process, evaluation indicators, glossary and bibliographic references. Conclusions: An action protocol was designed that establishes the guidelines for carrying out the regenerative therapeutic procedure, from the selection of patients to the evolution of the therapy. The document was positively evaluated by external specialists.

Extrusão apical de irrigantes em dentes imaturos utilizando diferentes dispositivos de irrigação por pressão negativa / Apical extrusion of irrigants in immature teeth using different negative pressure irrigation devices

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a extrusão apical de irrigantes em dentes imaturos simulados, comparando a irrigação convencional com outros dispositivos de irrigação por pressão negativa. Materiais e Métodos: 48 amostras de dentes imaturos simulados foram montadas em um modelo adaptado para conter o irrigante extravasado e distribuídas igualmente em 4 grupos (n=12) de acordo com o dispositivo de irrigação utilizado: Grupo Irrigação Convencional (IC), Grupo EndoVac (EV), Grupo Pulp Sucker (PS) e Grupo Ivac (IV). As amostras foram irrigadas com 15mL de solução irrigadora, sendo 10mL de NaOCl a 2,5% e 5mL de EDTA a 17% intercalados. As amostras foram pesadas em balança de precisão antes e depois dos procedimentos de irrigação, sendo a diferença entre os pesos final e inicial considerado o volume de irrigante extravasado. Os dados foram coletados e analisados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskal-wallis e exato de Fisher. Resultados: Os grupos que utilizaram pressão negativa promoveram significativamente menor volume de irrigante extravasado que o grupo IC (p<0,05), não havendo diferenças significativas quando comparados entre si (p>0,05). Houve diferenças significativas na associação entre os grupos e a extrusão de irrigante, sendo o grupo PS menos associado a extrusão de irrigante (p<0,005). Discussão: Estudos anteriores apontam os dispositivos de pressão negativa como opções seguras diante de extravasamento de irrigantes quando comparados à irrigação convencional. Conclusão: A irrigação convencional promoveu significativamente maior volume de extrusão de irrigante quando comparada aos dispositivos de irrigação por pressão negativa. O sistema PulpSucker mostrou extravasamento de irrigante em um número significativamente menor de amostras.

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical extrusion of irrigants in simulated immature teeh, comparing convencional irrigation with other negative pressure irrigation devices. Materials and methods: 48 samples of simulated immature teeth were set up in an adapted model to contain the extravasated irrigant and evenly distributed into 4 groups (n=12) according to the device used: Convencional Irrigation Group (CI), EndoVac Group (EV), Pulp Sucker Group (PS) and Ivac Group (IV). The samples were irrigated with 15mL of irrigant solution, consisting of 10mL NaOCl 2,5% and 5mL EDTA 17%, in na alternating sequence. The samples' weights were measured using a precision scale before and after the irrigation procedures, with the difference between de final and initial weights considered the volume of extravasated irrigant. Data were collected and statistically analyzed by Kruskal-wallis and Fisher exact tests. Results: The groups that used negative pressure devices significantly promoted a lower volume of extruded irrigant than the CI group (p<0,05), with no significant differences between the negative pressure groups (p>0,05). There were signficant differences in the association between the groups and irrigant extrusion, with the PS group showing significantly less association with irrigant extrusion (p<0,005). Discussion: Previous studies have indicated that negative pressure devices are safe alternatives to convencional irrigation when considering irrigant extrusion. Conclusion: Conventional irrigation promoted a significantly greater volume of irrigant extrusion when compared to negative pressure irrigation devices. The PulpSucker system showed irrigant extravasation in significantly fewer samples.

Efectividad del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en la fisura anal secundaria / Effectiveness of Treating Secondary Anal Fissure with Platelet and Leukocyte-Rich Plasma

Introducción: El plasma rico en plaquetas es un producto derivado de la sangre, rico en péptidos y proteínas de señalización intercelular, así como citoquinas capaces de intervenir en cada una de las etapas de la regeneración de varios tejidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria que asistieron a la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie de Camagüey en el período de enero de 2020 a enero de 2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental. El universo lo conformaron todos los pacientes que acudieron a consulta en ese período. La muestra no probabilística intencionada la conformaron 130 pacientes adultos con diagnóstico de fisura anal secundaria que recibieron tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Resultados: El tiempo de cicatrización de la fisura anal permitió corroborar la efectividad del tratamiento; además, la mayoría de los pacientes evolucionaron de forma favorable. El dolor fue la complicación más visible pues presentó significación estadística al establecer la relación entre las variables. Se demostró que el tratamiento con plasma rico en plaqueta y leucocitos en pacientes con fisura anal secundaria es efectivo y seguro en la evaluación final del tratamiento. Conclusiones: Lo expuesto permite considerar que los pacientes tratados obtuvieron buenos resultados al hacer uso del plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos. Por consiguiente, tiene un resultado positivo en no mostrar complicaciones y una alta posibilidad de que el paciente tratado evolucione en mejor condición(AU)

Introduction: Platelet-rich plasma is a blood-derived product, rich in peptides and intercellular signaling proteins, as well as cytokines capable of intervening in each of the stages of regeneration of various tissues. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure who attended the coloproctology office at Hospital Docente Provincial Oncológico María Curie of Camagüey from January 2020 to January 2023. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out, whose universe consisted of all the patients who came for consultation during that period. The nonprobabilistic purposive sample consisted of 130 adult patients with a diagnosis of secondary anal fissure who received treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Results: The healing time of the anal fissure allowed corroborating the effectiveness of the treatment; in addition, most of the patients evolved favorably. Pain was the most visible complication since it presented statistical significance when the relationship between the variables were established. Treatment with platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma in patients with secondary anal fissure proved effective and safe in the final assessment of the treatment. Conclusions: The above allows considering that the treated patients obtained good outcomes when making use of platelet- and leucocyte-rich plasma. Therefore, it has a positive outcome, not showing complications and a high possibility for the treated patient to evolve in a better condition(AU)

A Review on the Advances of Biocompatible Materials and Their Processing Via Additive Manufacturing for Tissue Engineering Applications / Una Revisión de los Avances en Materiales Biocompatibles y su Procesamiento Mediante Manufactura Aditiva Para Aplicaciones en Ingeniería de Tejidos

Abstract: About two decades ago, medicine experienced a revolutionary approach, driven by technological development in manufacturing techniques and scientific advances in the medical and life sciences, the field took on the challenge of regenerating tissue and organs damaged by disease, trauma, or hereditary issues, incorporating additive manufacturing as one of its strategies. Since its inception, regenerative medicine has developed techniques like tissue engineering, cellular therapy, medical devices, and artificial organs to provide wound healing and orthopedic applications. The incorporation of additive manufacturing allowed to recreate biologically appropriate environments for cell reproduction and growth that, eventually, lead to useful, regenerated tissue or organs. The objective of the present work is to review recent advances in the application of additive manufacturing techniques and ad hoc biomaterials in the field of regenerative medicine, to determine their impact in the development of new therapies for tissue engineering.

Resumen: Hace aproximadamente dos décadas, la medicina experimentó un enfoque revolucionario, impulsado por el desarrollo tecnológico en técnicas de fabricación y los avances científicos en las ciencias médicas y de la vida. El campo asumió el desafío de regenerar tejidos y órganos dañados por enfermedades, traumatismos o problemas hereditarios, incorporando la fabricación aditiva como una de sus estrategias. Desde su inicio, la medicina regenerativa ha desarrollado técnicas como la ingeniería de tejidos, la terapia celular, los dispositivos médicos y los órganos artificiales para proporcionar cicatrización de heridas y aplicaciones ortopédicas. La incorporación de la fabricación aditiva ha permitido recrear entornos biológicamente apropiados para la reproducción y crecimiento celular, lo que eventualmente ha llevado a la obtención de tejidos u órganos regenerados útiles. El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar los avances recientes en la aplicación de técnicas de fabricación aditiva y biomateriales ad hoc en el campo de la medicina regenerativa, para determinar su impacto en el desarrollo de nuevas terapias para la ingeniería de tejidos.

Caracterización del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos en la fisura anal secundaria / Characterization of the Treatment with Platelet-Rich Plasma and Leukocytes against Secondary Anal Fissure

Introducción: Las enfermedades benignas de recto son muy frecuentes en la práctica médica habitual en todos los niveles de atención de salud. Dentro de estos procesos se reconoce que la fisura anal es uno de los más comunes. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes tratados con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos por fisura anal secundaria en la provincia Camagüey en el período comprendido entre septiembre del 2020 y septiembre del 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental, cuyo universo lo conformaron los pacientes con el diagnóstico de fisura anal secundaria que asistieron a la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie. Se estableció una muestra no probabilística a criterio de los autores conformada por 132 pacientes adultos, quienes recibieron tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos por fisura anal secundaria en la provincia Camagüey. Resultados: Con respecto al sexo y a la edad, se observó una mayor frecuencia del grupo de 40 a 49 años y predominó el sexo femenino. El síntoma de mayor frecuencia fue el dolor, mientras que en la etiología prevaleció la proctitis facticia. En la mayoría de los casos estudiados la fisura anal cicatrizó en menos de 15 días y en cuanto a la evaluación final del tratamiento solo la minoría empeoró. Conclusiones: La caracterización de la muestra en estudio permite afirmar que el tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas y leucocitos tiene beneficios para los pacientes con fistulas perianales y su calidad de vida(AU)

Introduction: Benign rectal diseases are very frequent in routine medical practice at all levels of health care. Among these processes, anal fissure is recognized as one of the most common. Objective: To characterize patients treated with platelet-rich plasma and leukocytes for secondary anal fissure in Camagüey Province between September 2020 and September 2022. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was carried out, whose universe was made up of patients with the diagnosis of secondary anal fissure who attended the coloproctology office at Hospital Provincial Docente Oncológico María Curie. A nonprobabilistic sample was established according to the authors' criterions, made up of 132 adult patients who received treatment with platelet-rich plasma and leukocytes for secondary anal fissure in Camagüey Province. Results: Regarding sex and age, a higher frequency was observed in the group 40 to 49 years old and the female sex was predominant. The most frequent symptom was pain, while the prevailing etiology was factitious proctitis. In most of the cases under study, the anal fissure healed in less than 15 days and, regarding the final assessment of the treatment, only the minority worsened. Conclusions: The characterization of the sample under study allows to affirm that treatment with platelet-rich plasma and leukocytes has benefits for patients with perianal fistulas and their quality of life(AU)

Novel Studies in the Designs of Natural, Synthetic, and Compound Hydrogels with Biomedical Applications / Novedosos Estudios en el Diseño de Hidrogeles Naturales, Sintéticos y Compuestos con Aplicaciones Biomédicas

ABSTRACT Hydrogels are gaining widespread popularity in the biomedical field due to their extraordinary properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, zero toxicity, easy processing, and similarity to physiological tissue. They have applications in controlled drug release, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Among these applications, hydrogels as a controlled drug delivery system stands out, which releases active substances in precise amounts and at specific times. To explore the latest advances in the design of hydrogels, a literature review of articles published in indexed scientific journals, in Scopus and Science Direct, was carried out. This review aimed to discover and describe the most innovative hydrogel research with applications in the biomedical field; hydrogels synthesized with polymers of different origins were selected, such as; i. Natural (dextran, agarose, chitosan, etc.); ii. Synthetic (polyacrylamide, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.); iii. Composites (interpenetrants, hybrid crosslinkers, nanocomposites, etc.). Comparative analysis revealed that hydrogels with composite materials show the most promise. These composite hydrogels combine the advantages of different polymers or incorporate additional components, offering enhanced properties and functionalities. In summary, hydrogels are versatile biomaterials with immense potential in biomedicine. Their unique properties make them suitable for diverse applications. However, innovative designs and formulations must continue to be explored to further advance the capabilities of hydrogels and expand their biomedical applications.

RESUMEN Los hidrogeles están ganando una extensa popularidad en el campo biomédico gracias a que presentan propiedades extraordinarias como biocompatibilidad, biodegradabilidad, nula toxicidad, fácil procesamiento, y similitud con el tejido fisiológico. tienen aplicaciones en la liberación controlada de fármacos, el vendaje de heridas, la ingeniería de tejidos y la medicina regenerativa. Entre estas aplicaciones, destaca el uso de hidrogeles como sistema de administración controlada de fármacos, que liberan sustancias activas en cantidades precisas y en momentos concretos. Para explorar los últimos avances en el diseño de hidrogeles, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos publicados en revistas científicas indexadas, en Scopus y Science Direct. El objetivo de esta revisión fue descubrir y describir las investigaciones de hidrogeles más innovadoras con aplicaciones en el campo biomédico, se seleccionaron hidrogeles sintetizados con polímeros de diferente índole como; i. Naturales (dextrano, agarosa, quitosano, etc.); ii. Sintéticos (poliacrilamida, polietilenglicol, alcohol polivinílico, etc); iii. Compuestos (interpenetrantes, reticulantes híbridos, nanocompuestos, etc.). El análisis comparativo reveló que los hidrogeles que utilizan materiales compuestos son los más prometedores. Estos hidrogeles compuestos combinan las ventajas de distintos polímeros o incorporan componentes adicionales, ofreciendo propiedades y funcionalidades mejoradas. En resumen, los hidrogeles son biomateriales versátiles con un inmenso potencial en biomedicina. Sus propiedades únicas los hacen adecuados para diversas aplicaciones, sin embargo, se debe seguir explorando diseños y formulaciones innovadores para seguir avanzando en las capacidades de los hidrogeles y ampliar sus aplicaciones biomédicas.

Evolución histórica del tratamiento en dientes permanentes inmaduros necróticos / Historical evolution of treatment in necrotic immature permanent teeth i: en

El tratamiento de dientes permanentes inmaduros necróticos constituye un desafío en la odontopediatría, y son múltiples las opciones terapéuticas propuestas para solucionar esta problemática. A tales efectos se realizó el presente estudio con el objetivo de exponer la evolución histórica de dicho tratamiento, para lo cual se efectuó una exhaustiva búsqueda bibliográfica. Se consideró como método general de la investigación el dialéctico-materialista y, de manera particular, los métodos de revisión documental histórico-lógico, de análisis-síntesis e inductivo-deductivo. A partir de determinados hitos históricos se establecieron 3 etapas, cada una de ellas con sus aportes y limitaciones; asimismo, se identificaron las regularidades y tendencias, así como los fundamentos que sustentan la necesidad de continuar investigando sobre nuevos enfoques terapéuticos.

The treatment of necrotic immature permanent teeth constitutes a challenge in the pediatric dentistry, and there are multiple therapeutic options to solve this problem. To such effects the present investigation was carried out with the objective of exposing the historical evolution of this treatment, reason why an exhaustive literature review was carried out. The dialectical-materialistic method was assumed as the general one of the investigation and in a particular way, the historical-logical, analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive methods of documental review. Three stages were established based on certain historical landmarks, each one with its contributions and limitations; also, regularities and tendencies were identified, as well as the foundations that sustain the necessity to continue investigating on new therapeutic approaches.

Dolor y edema posquirúrgico en la regeneración cutánea nasal con fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos / Post-surgical pain and edema in nasal skin regeneration with fibrin rich in platelets and leukocytes

Introducción: La reconstrucción de defectos cutáneos nasales requiere del uso de procedimientos orientados a obtener la menor probabilidad de complicaciones posoperatorias en el menor período de tiempo posible. Novedosas técnicas utilizan los concentrados plaquetarios por sus propiedades moduladoras del dolor y el edema posoperatorio. Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del dolor y el edema posquirúrgico en la regeneración de defectos cutáneos nasales con el uso de la membrana de fibrina autóloga, rica en plaquetas y leucocitos. Método: Se realizó una investigación cuasiexperimental, con diseño antes-después, sin grupo control en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial del Hospital Universitario "Arnaldo Milián Castro" de la ciudad de Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, desde septiembre de 2015 a junio de 2019. La muestra seleccionada aleatoriamente fue de 46 pacientes. A partir de una autodonación de sangre del paciente se obtuvo una membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos, la cual fue suturada en el defecto quirúrgico nasal. Resultados: La edad media fue 62,71 años y el 60,87 por ciento de la muestra correspondió al sexo masculino. Se presentaron el dolor en el 23,91 por ciento y el edema en el 28,26 por ciento de la muestra estudiada. Conclusiones: Se encontraron escasas complicaciones posoperatorias como el dolor y el edema, las que se manifestaron predominantemente de intensidad leve. Existió asociación entre estas complicaciones y la edad, la cantidad de subunidades anatómicas afectadas, la diabetes mellitus y el tabaquismo(AU)

Introduction: The reconstruction of nasal skin defects requires the use of procedures aimed at obtaining the lowest probability of postoperative complications in the shortest period of time possible. Novel techniques use platelet concentrates for their modulating properties of pain and postoperative edema. Objective: To determine the behavior of pain and post-surgical edema in the regeneration of nasal skin defects with the use of autologous platelet- and leukocyte-rich fibrin membrane. Method: A quasi-experimental research was carried out, with a before-after design, without a control group, in the Maxillofacial Surgery Service at Arnaldo Milián Castro University Hospital in Santa Clara, Villa Clara, Cuba, from September 2015 to June 2015. 2019. The randomly selected sample was 46 patients. A fibrin membrane rich in platelets and leukocytes was obtained from a patient's blood self-donation, which was sutured in the nasal surgical defect. Results: The mean age was 62.71 years and 60.87 por ciento f the sample was male. Pain was present in 23.91 por ciento and edema in 28.26 por ciento of the studied sample. Conclusions: Few postoperative complications such as pain and edema were found, showing to be mild predominantly. There was association between these complications and age, the number of affected anatomical subunits, diabetes mellitus and smoking habit(AU)

THE ROLE OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA IN ANDROGENETIC ALOPECIA: A COMPREHENSIVE NARRATIVE REVIEW

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a promising treatment in regenerative medicine for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). PRP, derived from the patient's blood, contains a concentrated platelet fraction rich in growth factors and bioactive molecules that aid in tissue repair and wound healing. When PRP is administered, these factors are released, stimulating hair growth and regeneration. PRP's mechanism of action involves the release of growth factors like PDGF, TGF-β, VEGF, and IGF, which promote cell proliferation, activate dormant hair follicles, and induce hair cycle growth. PRP also reduces inammation, promotes angiogenesis, and may inhibit 5-alpha reductase activity, which contributes to AGA. By understanding these mechanisms, PRP can be optimized for effective hair restoration therapies in AGA

Uso de la membrana amniótica como material de apósito en paciente con fascitis necrotizante: A propósito de un caso

Introducción: La fascitis necrotizante es una infección grave que involucra la piel, el tejido celular subcutáneo y las fascias superficiales-profundas, progresa muy rápidamente y si no se trata a tiempo puede causar la muerte. Reporte de caso: Presentamos el caso de una paciente adulta con antecedentes de anemia, a quien se le diagnosticó fascitis necrosante de origen odontogénico, por lo que fue intervenida quirúrgicamente y se realizó un drenaje intraoral y extraoral más escarectomía. Además, se le administró tratamiento farmacológico (antibióticos intravenosos) y se colocó una membrana amniótica como material de apósito para reconstruir la superficie hemorrágica dejada por la fascitis necrotizante. Conclusiones: La membrana amniótica como material de apósito presentó resultados favorables en la paciente al obtenerse una rápida regeneración de la secuela producida por la fascitis necrotizante.

Introduction: Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious infection that involves the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, and the superficial-deep fascia, it progresses very quickly and if not treated in time it can cause death. Report case: We present the case of an adult patient with a history of anemia, who was diagnosed with odontogenic necrotizing fasciitis, for which she underwent surgery and underwent intraoral and extraoral drainage plus escharectomy. In addition, pharmacological treatment (intravenous antibiotics) was administered, and an amniotic membrane was placed as a dressing material to reconstruct the hemorrhagic surface left by the necrotizing fasciitis. Conclusions: The amniotic membrane as a dressing material presented favorable results in the patient, obtaining a rapid regeneration of the sequel produced by necrotizing fasciitis.

In vivo transplantation of eye organoids and application of tissue engineering scaffolds / 器官移植

Eye organoid refers to a structure that possesses resembling cell types and functions to intraocular tissues, which is induced by stem cells in vitro. Transplanting it into the body for eye repair and regeneration is one of the key research directions in regenerative medicine, which also provides a novel direction and strategy for the treatment of major blinding diseases. As a carrier of biological tissue or cell growth, tissue engineering scaffold could support in vivo transplantation of eye organoids and promote their maturation. Organic combination of eye organoids and tissue engineering is a critical approach to realize in vivo integration of eye organoids and reconstruct corresponding structures and functions. In this review, the latest research status of eye organoids and in vivo transplantation were summarized, and relevant studies of tissue engineering scaffold-assisted eye organoid transplantation were highlighted, aiming to provide ideas and reference for subsequent inter-disciplinary research of eye organoids and tissue engineering.

Questionnaire Survey on Regenerative Medicine for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objectives：This study investigated the perceptions of regenerative medicine among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods：Between October 2019 and February 2020, we interviewed individuals with SCI who had a history of inpatient or outpatient visits to our hospital using a structured questionnaire on regenerative medicine.Results：Ninety-nine participants completed the questionnaires. The mean age was 52.8±14.8 years, with 9.1％ of them being females. The majority of cases included cervical SCI (54.5％), AIS A lesion (63.6％), and traumatic causes (90.9％), and 93.9％ of the individuals had some interest in regenerative medicine for SCI, which is well known to individuals with SCI in the following order：induced pluripotent stem cells (n＝89), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (n＝25), and autologous olfactory mucosal transplantation (n＝16). Individuals with SCI chose motor function (65.7％), bladder and bowel function (24.3％), and sensory function (9.0％）when asked to choose only one symptom that required improvement. Individuals with cervical SCI had more interest in regenerative medicine than those with SCI (46.3％ vs. 26.7％). In contrast, the majority of respondents with SCI were concerned about the effectiveness (n＝59) and cost (n＝53) of the treatment. Most participants obtained information about regenerative medicine on television (n＝73), followed by the Internet and/or social networking services (n＝54).Conclusion：Approximately half of individuals with SCI hope that regenerative medicine will restore their ability to walk.

Advances in organoids of the digestive system / 生物工程学报

Organoid is a newly developed cellular there-dimensional culture system in recent years. Organoids have a three-dimensional structure, which is similar to that of the real organs. Together with the characteristics of self-renewal and reproduction of tissue origin, organoids can better simulate the function of real organs. Organoids provide a new platform for the study of organogenesis, regeneration, disease pathogenesis, and drug screening. The digestive system is an essential part of the human body and performs important functions. To date, organoid models of various digestive organs have been successfully established. This review summarizes the latest research progress of organoids of taste buds, esophagi, stomachs, livers and intestines, and prospects future application of organoids.

Progress on the cell therapy strategy of mesenchymal stem cells / 口腔疾病防治

@#Cell therapy based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been a hot research topic in recent years, including the traditional cell therapy strategy based on living cells and the new cell-free therapy strategy based on soluble proteins or bioactive molecules such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). At present, MSC-induced cells have mature functions and specific structures, and insitu transplantation combined with biomaterials or organic technology has greatly improved the settlement rate and function. On the other hand, as the large-scale culture technique and EVs separation technique evolve, it is possible to obtain a large number of pure EVs, and EVs are gradually becoming a hot spot of current research. An increasing number of studies have shown that the therapeutic effect of MSCs not only occurs by implantation and differentiation but also manifests as the paracrine effect of MSCs. In this review, we discuss the emerging outcomes of cell therapies and acellular therapies to alleviate these pathological conditions.