Practices for diabetes mellitus in doctors

Background: Doctors know everything about cause, diagnosis, treatment and care to be taken for diabetes mellitus. This study was carried out to evaluate awareness, attitude and practices of diabetes in doctors.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 100 male and 100 female doctors of various subjects who attended a conference at Mangaluru 25th to 27th October 2018.Results: Prevalence of diabetes mellitus was 12% in male doctors while it was 8% in female doctors. 11 (91.66%) male doctors and 8 (100%) female doctors were taking medicines for diabetes regularly, 8 (66.66%) male doctors and 7 (87.5%) female doctors were doing blood sugar regularly, 7 (58.33%) male doctors and 5 (62.5%) female doctors were doing diet control, 7 (58.33%) male doctors and 5 (62.5%) female doctors were doing exercise regularly, 9 (75%) male doctors and 8 (100%) female doctors were using footwear while 6 (50%) male doctors and 4 (50%) female doctors were taking proper dental care.Conclusions: In present study, doctors were aware of causes, diagnosis, treatment & care to be taken in diabetes. Still, routine check-up was not seen in 100%. After diagnosis, doctors were taking medicines quite regularly but regular follow up for diabetes & cardiovascular risk was seen in less numbers.

The effects of regular exercise on capsaicin-induced pulpal pain and pain-induced changes in passive avoidance learning and memory in rats

BACKGROUND: Pulpal pain is one of the most common and severe orofacial pain conditions with considerable adverse effects on physiological processes including learning and memory. Regular exercise is known to be effective on cognitive function as well as pain processing in the central nervous system. Here, the possible effects of regular exercise on pulpal pain response as well as pain-induced changes in learning and memory efficiency in rats were investigated. METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control, capsaicin, exercise, and exercise plus capsaicin groups. Rats in exercise groups were forced to run on a treadmill with a moderate exercise protocol for 4 weeks. Capsaicin was used to induce dental pulp pain. Passive avoidance learning and memory performance was assessed by using a shuttle box apparatus. RESULTS: According to the results, regular exercise could decrease the time course of capsaicin-induced pulpal pain (P < 0.001). Moreover, in capsaicin-treated rats, passive avoidance acquisition was impaired as compared to the control (P < 0.05) and exercise (P < 0.001) groups. Additionally, regular exercise before capsaicin injection could attenuate capsaicin-induced memory impairments (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the present data showed that regular exercise has inhibitory effects on capsaicin-induced pulpal pain as well as pain-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.

The relationship of regular exercise and coronary collateral of patients with acute coronary syndrome / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the relationship between regular exercise habit and coronary collaterals of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods TWo hundred and thirty-night patients diagnosed ACS and operated coronary angiography (CAG) showing severe coronary stenosis were enrolled hospitalized from May 2012 to October 2012.They were divided into regular exercise group (n =102) and irregular exercise group(n =137) according to the exercise frequency.The information of the general data,the information of CAG and other relevant index were collected.The coronary artery score was recorded according to the Censini and the coronary collateral class was made according to the Rentrop.Other characters in clinical and laboratory were recorded.Multi-factor regression analysis was used to analysis the influence factors of coronary collateral.Results The proportion of coronary collaterals (41.2％ (42/102)) in the regular exercise group was higher than that in the irregular exercise group (24.1％ (33/137)),and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =7.929,P =0.005).Lg(Gensini score) was (1.89 ± 0.18) the and (1.94 ± 0.19) in the regular exercise group,The left ventricular ejection fraction was 57.0％ (52.0％,60.0％) in the regular exercise group and 50.0％ (45.0％,57.0％) in the irregular exercise group,and the difference was statistically significant (Z =-5.152,P =0.000).Multi-factor regression analysis showed that regular exercise (OR =3.423,95％ CI:1.790-4.578),diabetes mellitus (OR =0.451,95％ CI:0.212-0.962),B-type natriuretic peptide (OR =2.412,95 ％ CI:1.271-4.578),non-ST-segment elevation ACS (OR =2.383,95％ CI:1.185-4.791),chest pain history (OR =2.207,95％ CI:1.175-4.145),Gensini score (OR =1.538,95％ CI:1.141-2.073) were independent influence factors of coronary collateral(P ＜ 0.05).After adjusting other factors,the patients with regular exercise had better coronary collaterals than that with irregular exercise (OR=3.423,95％CI:1.790-6.548,P ＜0.001).Conclusion The regular exercise can promote coronary collateral emergence for the patients with ACS.

Regular Exercise Training Increases the Number of Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Decreases Homocysteine Levels in Healthy Peripheral Blood

Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are known to play an important role in the repair of damaged blood vessels. We used an endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming assay (EPC-CFA) to determine whether EPC numbers could be increased in healthy individuals through regular exercise training. The number of functional EPCs obtained from human peripheral blood-derived AC133 stem cells was measured after a 28-day regular exercise training program. The number of total endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming units (EPC-CFU) was significantly increased compared to that in the control group (p=0.02, n=5). In addition, we observed a significant decrease in homocysteine levels followed by an increase in the number of EPC-CFUs (p=0.04, n=5), indicating that the 28-day regular exercise training could increase the number of EPC colonies and decrease homocysteine levels. Moreover, an inverse correlation was observed between small-endothelial progenitor cell colony-forming units (small-EPC-CFUs) and plasma homocysteine levels in healthy men (r=-0.8125, p=0.047). We found that regular exercise training could increase the number of EPC-CFUs and decrease homocysteine levels, thus decreasing the cardiovascular disease risk in men.

A study on body awareness and dietary life of adults who perform regular exercise / 한국영양학회지

This study was conducted in order to investigate body awareness and dietary life according to gender. Subjects of the study were 120 men and 127 women aged 20 to 30 years, who exercise regularly at a fitness center in Seoul. The subjects were asked to fill out a questionnaire on body awareness, reason for regular exercise, dietary behaviors, and nutrition knowledge. The percentage of overweight and obesity was 69.2% in men, and 25.2% in women. The percentage of subjects who considered themselves as overweight was 38.3% in men and 59.8% in women. Intake of protein in men was higher than the recommended nutrient intake (RNI). Intake of energy in women was lower than the estimated energy requirement (EER). Men who considered themselves as overweight showed lower energy intake than men who considered their body weight as under and normal, whereas no difference in energy intake was observed between women who considered themselves as overweight and women who considered their body weight as under and normal.

Assessments of nutrient intake and metabolic profiles in Korean adolescents according to exercise regularity using data from the 2008 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

The purpose of this study was to assess the metabolic profile and nutrient intake data in Korean adolescents according to exercise regularity using the forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 data. A total of 834 Korean adolescents (440 boys, 394 girls) aged 12 to 18 years were classified into exercising male (EM), non-exercising male (NM), exercising female (EF), and non-exercising female (NF) groups. EM exhibited significantly higher weight (P < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (P < 0.01) and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.001) than NM. EF showed significantly greater height (P < 0.01), weight (P<0.001), WC (P < 0.001), and BMI (P < 0.001) than NF. Although ratios of macronutrient intake were within the appropriate range in all groups, energy, riboflavin, vitamin C and calcium were assessed as in adequate by the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR) in all groups. Moreover, EF and NF had inadequate intake of vitamin A and iron according to NAR, respectively. There were significant correlations between height and NAR protein (r = 0.249, P < 0.001), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) (r = 0.177, P < 0.01), and between weight and NAR protein (r = 0.180, P < 0.01), and MAR(r = 0.136, P < 0.05) in EM. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between weight and NAR protein (r = 0.270, P < 0.01), WC and NAR protein (r = 0.271, P < 0.01), and BMI and NAR protein (r = 0.326, P < 0.01) in NM. There were significant correlations height and NAR Fe (r = 0.153, P < 0.05) in EF. However, there were no significant correlations between metabolic factors and nutritional adequacy in NF. Although we noted no significant differences in MAR between the groups, the exercising groups showed higher MAR values than the non-exercising groups. Therefore, practicing of ideal dietary behaviors appears to be induced through physical activity and regular exercise in Korean adolescents.

Self-efficacy and Health-promoting Behavior of the Aged People(review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#There is strong relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion.And the researches about applying self-efficacy to promoting health behavior of the older adults increase as aging.This paper reviewed the self-efficacy and its relationship with health-promoting behavior of older adults.

The Effects of Regular Exercise on Obesity Indices and Dietary Factors in Adult Males / 대한지역사회영양학회지

This study was performed to investigate the effects of regular exercise on dietary factors and obesity indices among 407 healthy adult males subjects. Subjects were classified into regular exercise group (REG) and irregular exercise group (IREG). Two hundred and thirteen subjects of REG excercised regularly 3 times (more than 30 minutes/time) per week during more than last 1 month or more. One hundred and ninety-four of IREG (n = 194) didn't regularly exercise during the last 1 month. Obesity indices were BMI (Body Mass Index), WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) and PIBW (Percentage of Ideal Body Weight). And the mean BMI, WHR and PIBW of REG were (22.1, 0.90 and 105.8) significantly lower than those of IREG (25.7, 0.98 and 117.7) respectively. The mean daily starches, seeds, meats, eggs, fish, milk, fats and processed food intakes of REG were significantly lower than those of IREG. And the mean daily vegetables, mushrooms and beverages intakes of the IREG were significantly lower than REG. Energy intake of REG and IREG were 1968.2 kcal and 1978.9 kcal respectively. Vitamin C intake of IREG was significantly lower than REG. But niacin and cholesterol intake of REG were significantly lower than the IREG. Exercise regularity was positively related with obesity indices and dietary factors. Therefore, it is necessary to exercise regularly to prevent obesity and cardiovascular disease in Korean adult males.

Effect of regular exercise on cold-induced vasodilation / 体力科学

Eighteen male college students who exercised regularly (the trained group) and 20 students who did not participate in regular exercise activities (the control group) were evaluated.<BR>Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) and maximal oxygen intake (VO<SUB>2</SUB>max) for each student were measured in May for four consecutive years. In addition, the motor capacity test devised by the Ministry of Education was given to each student. CIVD and values of motor capacity obtained from the students are summarized as follows;<BR>A. The motor capacity test consists of five items (motor skills) . There was no significant difference in muscle strength between the trained group and the control group. The degrees of improvement in explosive power and endurance capacity over the three years were greater in the trained group. It was significant that the degree of improvement in the total scores for the motor capacity test over the three years was 21% in the trained group in contrast to only 8% in the control group. While VO<SUB>2</SUB>max increased markedly in the trained group, it remained almost unchanged in the control group. The degress of improvement in VO<SUB>2</SUB>max over the three years were 25% in the trained group and 8% in the control group. The values in the control group were almost the same as the physical fitness standards, but those of the trained group were higher than the standards.<BR>B. Mean skin temperature and temperature at first rise in the trained group were higher throughout the three years than those in the control group. The time of temperature rise became shortened over three years in the trained group, but in contrast became rather longer in the control group. The range of variations in the amplitude of temperature was 9°C-13°C in the trained group and around 10°C in the control group. Resistance index (RI) of the trained group was higher in the first year; by the time the students became seniors, there was a 43% increase in RI. In contrast, RI in the control group was almost unchanged. The degree of improvement over the three years was 10% in the latter group.<BR>C. The correlation coefficient of RI with scores from the motor capacity test was 0.499 in the trained group and 0.270 in the control group. The correlation coefficient for all the subjects was 0.605. The correlation coefficient of RI with VO<SUB>2</SUB>max was 0.500 in the trained group, 0.160 in the control group and 0.623 in all the subjects. These values indicate that CIVD values and improvement in motor capacity are closely related, and that the interdependence of these two parameters is particularly strong in trained individuals.<BR>These results indicate that the degree of CIVD is determined not only by genetic factors and chronic exposure to cold temperatures but also by physical training.