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Introduction: Good bowel preparation is essential for a quality colonoscopy. Thus, evaluating the risk factors associated with poor preparation is necessary. This problem has not been widely addressed in Colombia. Aim: To identify the factors associated with poor intestinal preparation. Materials and methods: Observational, analytical, cross-sectional, multicenter study in patients > 18 years of age who underwent colonoscopy and attended gastroenterology services between January and June 2020 in Bogotá. A Boston scale > 6 was defined as good preparation, and a Boston scale ≤ 6 was defined as poor preparation. Results: 265 patients were included, of whom 205 (77.4%) were well prepared and 60 (22.6%) had inadequate preparation. Factors associated with poor bowel preparation were age older than 60 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.359; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.059-1.745; p = 0.026); male sex (OR: 1.573; 95% CI: 1.128-2.194; p = 0.012); obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2; OR: 2.539; 95% CI: 1.388-4.645; p = 0.002); constipation (OR: 1.924; 95% CI: 1.154-3.208; p = 0.014); the use of antidepressants (OR: 2.897; 95% CI: 1.199-6.997; p = 0.014) and calcium antagonists (OR: 2.445; 95% CI: 1.292-4.630; p = 0.005), and having abdominopelvic surgeries (OR: 1.325 95% CI: 1.042-1.684, p = 0.034). Regarding the procedure, there was less polyp detection per patient (p = 0.04) and less minute (p = 0.020) and flat (p = 0.047) polyp detection in the poor bowel preparation group. Conclusions: This is the first study in Colombia in which the factors associated with poor intestinal preparation are described and include variables not explored in other studies. The results found are similar to those reported in the literature. These studies should be promoted with more patients, establishing a score for predicting poor preparation.
Introducción: una buena preparación intestinal es fundamental para una colonoscopia de calidad. Por eso es importante evaluar los factores de riesgo asociados a una mala preparación. Este problema no se ha abordado ampliamente en Colombia, por lo cual el objetivo de este estudio es identificar los factores asociados a una mala preparación intestinal. Métodos: estudio observacional, analítico, transversal, multicéntrico en pacientes > 18 años sometidos a colonoscopia que asistieron a los servicios de gastroenterología entre enero y junio de 2020 en la ciudad de Bogotá. Se definió como buena preparación una escala de Boston > 6, y como mala preparación una escala de Boston ≤ 6. Resultados: se incluyeron a 265 pacientes, de los cuales 205 (77,4%) estaban bien preparados y 60 (22,6%) tenían una preparación inadecuada. Los factores asociados a mala preparación intestinal fueron edad mayor de 60 años (odds ratio [OR]: 1,359; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%: 1,059-1,745; p = 0,026); sexo masculino (OR: 1,573; IC 95%: 1,128-2,194; p = 0,012); obesidad (IMC > 30 kg/m2; OR: 2,539; IC 95%: 1,388-4,645; p = 0,002); estreñimiento (OR: 1,924; IC 95%: 1,154-3,208; p = 0,014); el uso de antidepresivos (OR: 2,897; IC 95%: 1,199-6,997; p = 0,014) y antagonistas del calcio (OR: 2,445; IC 95%:1,292-4,630; p = 0,005) y tener cirugías abdominopélvicas (OR: 1,325; IC 95%: 1,042-1,684; p = 0,034). En cuanto al procedimiento, hubo una menor cantidad de detección de pólipos por paciente (p = 0,04) y menor detección de pólipo diminuto (p = 0,020) y plano (p = 0,047) en el grupo de mala preparación intestinal. Conclusiones: este es el primer estudio en Colombia en el cual se describen los factores asociados a la mala preparación intestinal e incluye variables no exploradas en otros estudios. Los resultados encontrados son similares a los reportados en la literatura. Se debe impulsar este tipo de estudios con una mayor cantidad de pacientes y plantear un puntaje de predicción de mala preparación.
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Introduction@#In the Philippines, data on road traffic injuries show that road injury is the 11th leading cause of premature deaths in the Philippines. The World Health Organization estimates that 1.24 million die globally due to road traffic crashes. @*Objectives@#This study aimed to show the trend of the road crash situation in Metro Manila, Philippines, over eleven years (2005–2015) and to analyze human error and other associated hazard factors for road crashes. @*Methods@#This study is a secondary analysis of an 11-year database culled from 2005–2015, for Metro Manila, Philippines. The variables included road crash classification, incidence over months and time of the day, road crash disaggregated by location, region, and city, and type of vehicle. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the incidence of a road crash, road crash fatalities, and risk factors associated with a road crash in Metro Manila. @*Results@#The incidence of road crashes in Metro Manila has increased from 65,111 in 2005 to 95,615 in 2015. Fatalities also increased from 348 to 536. The most predominant type of vehicle involved in road crashes were cars from 46% to 67%, followed by jeepneys, vans, and motorcycles. The most commonly reported human errors were speeding, inattentive and bad turning. The reported percentage of speeding from 2005–2010 ranged between 32% and 58%. In 2014, speeding (96%) was the most reported human error among the other reported errors; such as inattentiveness (range, 28 to 41%) and bad turning (0.6% and 33%). Fatigue and traffic violation made up 0.02% to 0.45% of the reported human factors of road crash-related hospitalization cases in Metro Manila for the period. Suspected alcohol use accounted for 0.04% to 4.57% of the human errors reported. For non-fatal and fatal crashes, the associated human errors were suspected alcohol use, inattentiveness, and speeding. The highest adjusted residual for both fatal and non-fatal (injurious) crashes was for inattentiveness. Human error was associated with years, suggesting that for some years, the number of crashes caused by human errors is significantly higher than expected. Alcohol-suspected crashes are significantly higher than expected for 2005 and 2011, with 2011 having the highest adjusted residual. Inattentiveness-caused crashes were significantly higher than expected for years 2005 to 2010, with 2007 having the highest adjusted residual. Bad turning was significantly higher from 2005 to 2007; while disobedience was significantly higher for 2005 to 2008. Speeding was significantly higher than expected from 2005 to 2010. @*Conclusion@#There is a need to address the public health concern posed by road crashes in Metro Manila, as well as to rectify the ergonomically related risk factors and human error components in a road crash.
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Objective To retrospectively analyze the detection rate, distribution characteristics of hyper-glycemia patients in non-endocrinological departments of first-class hospitals and the related risk factors of hyper-glycemia in ICU patients. Methods 4364 patients with hyperglycemia in non-endocrinology Department of Shanxi People's Hospital admitted from Feb 1, 2017 to Jan 31, 2018 were selected .The detection rate of hyper-glycemia was counted and the distribution characteristics of hyperglycemia were analyzed. The risk factors of hy-perglycemia in ICU patients were analyzed by logistic regression. Results ① General situation : The detection rate of hyperglycemia in non-endocrinological inpatients was 7.57％, with an average age of (60.2±16.14) years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.28:1. ② The detection rate and distribution characteristics of hyperglycemia in the internal medicine department and surgical department: the detection rate of hyperglycemia in internal medicine department was 8.46％; male-to-female ratio was 1.54:1, and the average age was (61.01±13.96) years. The de-tection rate of surgical department was 6.56％,male-to-female ratio was 1.03:1,and the average age was (59.03± 14.14) years. The detection rate of geriatrics in internal medicine department was higher,The detection rate of Neurosurgery in surgical department was higher. ③ Types of hyperglycemia: 2424 cases (55.54％) of diabetes were diagnosed; 757 cases(17.35％) of diabetes were newly diagnosed; 319 cases(7.31％) of stress hyperglycemi-a. ④ The detection rate of OGTT or HbAlC respectively and both indicators in internal medicine were higher than in surgery (χ2=79.68, 197.29, 67.48,all P=0.00). ⑤ Logistic analysis revealed that perioperative period, diabetes and the history of glucocorticoid use were independent factors for the prevalence of hyperglycemia in ICU pa-tients[OR(95％CI)respectively,1.015(1.169～4.265), 2.999 (1.487～6.049), 5.456(2.067-～14.398),all P<0.05]. Conclusions The detection rate of hyperglycemia in tertiary is higher. Perioperative period, diabetes and history of glucocorticoid use are closely related to the prevalence of hyperglycemia in ICU patients.Non-endocrine physi-cians should strengthen the standardized management of hyperglycemia among inpatients.
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Objective@#To retrospectively analyze the detection rate, distribution characteristics of hyperglycemia patients in non-endocrinological departments of first-class hospitals and the related risk factors of hyperglycemia in ICU patients.@*Methods@#4364 patients with hyperglycemia in non-endocrinology Department of Shanxi People’s Hospital admitted from Feb 1, 2017 to Jan 31, 2018 were selected. The detection rate of hyperglycemia was counted and the distribution characteristics of hyperglycemia were analyzed. The risk factors of hyperglycemia in ICU patients were analyzed by logistic regression.@*Results@#① General situation: The detection rate of hyperglycemia in non-endocrinological inpatients was 7.57%, with an average age of (60.2±16.14) years and a male-to-female ratio of 1.28:1. ② The detection rate and distribution characteristics of hyperglycemia in the internal medicine department and surgical department: the detection rate of hyperglycemia in internal medicine department was 8.46%; male-to-female ratio was 1.54:1, and the average age was (61.01±13.96) years. The detection rate of surgical department was 6.56%,male-to-female ratio was 1.03:1, and the average age was (59.03±14.14) years. The detection rate of geriatrics in internal medicine department was higher, The detection rate of Neurosurgery in surgical department was higher. ③ Types of hyperglycemia: 2424 cases (55.54%) of diabetes were diagnosed; 757 cases (17.35%) of diabetes were newly diagnosed; 319 cases (7.31%) of stress hyperglycemia. ④ The detection rate of OGTT or HbAlC respectively and both indicators in internal medicine were higher than in surgery (χ2=79.68, 197.29, 67.48, all P=0.00) . ⑤ Logistic analysis revealed that perioperative period, diabetes and the history of glucocorticoid use were independent factors for the prevalence of hyperglycemia in ICU patients[OR (95%CI) respectively, 1.015 (1.169~4.265) , 2.999 (1.487~6.049) , 5.456 (2.067-~14.398) , all P<0.05].@*Conclusions@#The detection rate of hyperglycemia in tertiary is higher. Perioperative period, diabetes and history of glucocorticoid use are closely related to the prevalence of hyperglycemia in ICU patients. Non-endocrine physicians should strengthen the standardized management of hyperglycemia among inpatients.
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@#AIM: To study the related risk factors of diabetic ophthalmoplegia.<p>METHODS: The clinical data on 120 patients(120 eyes)with diabetic ophthalmoplegia treated in the Department of Ophthalmology in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from June 2008 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. In terms of cranial nerve involvement, patients were divided into three groups: those with oculomotor nerve paralysis(group Ⅲ, 66), abducent nerve paralysis(group Ⅵ, 41), and compound nerve paralysis(groups Ⅲ+Ⅵ, 13). The clinical data of patients were collected and statistically analyzed to screen the related risk factors of diabetic ophthalmoplegia.<p>RESULTS: Age, gender, diabetes duration, HbA1c level, diabetic retinopathy and hypertension were related to diabetic ophthalmoplegia. Age≥45 years, male gender, diabetes duration≥10a, retinopathy, and HbA1c>7% were independent risk factors for diabetic ophthalmoplegia.<p>CONCLUSION: The occurrence of diabetic ophthalmoplegia is related to the age, gender, diabetes duration, diabetic retinopathy and HbA1c level.
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·AIM: To analyze the related risk factors for children's multiple chalazion. ·METHODS: In experimental group, 300 cases (600 eyes) of children with multiple chalazion and the control group,236 cases(472 eyes) of similar eye examination of the normal children in case - control studies, using Logistic regression method to analyze many factors to screen out the main risk factors. ·RESULTS: By Logistic regression analysis, we found the meibomian gland function, tear secretion reduces, family history, constipation, partial eclipse, living environment were correlated with the occurrence of multiple meibomian gland cyst in children, and no significant correlation with visual acuity, blood cholesterol,trace elements,and bacterial infection. ·CONCLUSION: The meibomian gland function, tear secretion reduce, family history, constipation, partial eclipse, living environment for children, are main risk factors for multiple chalazion. We should pay attention to those factors to prevent it.
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Objective To learn the prevalence of HIV, syphilis and HCV and to identify the potential risk factors among drug users in Hangzhou. Methods A consecutive cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2012 to 2016. The drug users from compulsory rehabilitation center, community and methadone clinic were interviewed face to face with questionnaires to collect the information about their demographic characteristics, drug use behaviors and sexual behaviors. Blood specimens were collected for HIV, syphilis and HCV testing. Results Totally 4067 drug users were included during this 5-year study. The infection rates of HIV, syphilis and HCV were 0.64％, 7.25％ and 22.69％, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that the risk factors for syphilis infection were female (OR=4.411, 95％ CI: 3.273-5.945) , single (married/cohabited:OR=0.664, 95％ CI: 0.482-0.915; divorced/widowed: OR=0.534, 95％ CI: 0.353-0.810) , club drug user (OR=5.064, 95％CI: 3.287-7.803) and mixed drug user (OR=2.663, 95％CI: 1.191-5.954); the risk factors for HCV infection were age (OR: 2.168-2.878), place of domicile (OR=1.747, 95％CI: 1.398-2.184), injecting drug use (OR=3.120, 95％CI: 2.534-3.840) and conventional drug use (club drug user: OR=0.348, 95％CI: 0.277-0.438; mixed drug user: OR=0.611, 95％CI: 0.390-0.959) . Conclusion The infection rate of syphilis and HIV is high among drug users in Hangzhou. Female, single, club drug use and mixed drug use may increase the risk of syphilis infection. high age, drug injection and migrant population are risk factors for HCV infection.
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Objective To study the status and environment-related risk factors for falls among older adults in the urban community,and to provide evidences for the development of specific interventions.Methods A total of 993 older adults aged ≥60 years old from 2 communities in Cixi City were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Face-to-face interview and field investigation were carried out to collect participants' basic information,the situation and environment-related risk factors for falls occurred to them from November 2012 to October 2013.Results The overall incidence of falls was 14.90%,and it was significantly higher in wowen (17.19%) than in men(12.47%)(P<0.05). There were 109 participants reported to have fall-related injury with an incidence of 10.98%(109/993). Moreover,the incidence of fall-related injury for women(13.87%) was significantly higher than that for men(7.69%)(P<0.05). Among them, 35.14% falls occurred in home,the washroom(93.62%)and drawing room(85.02%) had higher proportion of having falling-related environmental risk factors. The multivariate logistic analysis showed that uneven carpet in aisle (OR=3. 542,95% CI:1.235-10.161)and having clutters beside the bed (OR=8.611,95% CI:2.051-36.574) were two main environmental risk factors for elder falls in home.Conclusion The incidence of falls of older adult in Cixi was 14.90%. Uneven carpet in aisle and having clutters beside the bed were two main environmental risk factors for falls among the elderly at home.
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Objective To understand the epidemiological status of chronic diseases and its related risk factors among adult residents in Hebei province.Methods A total of 4 200 adults from 20 districts in Hebei province were selected by multistage stratified random sampling method,and they were investigated with questionnaire,and the body measurement and blood sample were analyzed.Results The prevalent rates of overweight,obesity,central obesity,hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus were 35.19%,16.38%,52.98%,38.50%,39.62% and 5.81%,respectively.The age-adjusted rates were 30.28%,14.05%,44.32%,27.86%,32.71% and 4.00%,respectively.The prevalence of chronic diseases was highly associated with age.The prevalence of chronic diseases in male was higher than that in female among people aged under 55 yrs,but lower among people aged over 55 yrs.The rates were higher in urban areas than in rural areas.The prevalence rates of cigarette smoking and alcohol-drinking in male were higher than in female(P
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· AIM: To assess the prevalence and related risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in a rural population in Shaanxi Province.· METHODS: By using a stratified, duster-based, random sampling technique, 8 500 persons of all ages were selected randomly, from the North, the South and the Middle of Shaanxi Province from July to December in 2003. All participants had an interview with a standard questionnaire and those questions related to glaucoma of previous diagnosis and treatment, family history and outbreak history. Then a detailed and relative eye examination was performed, including logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity, external eye examination with slit-lamp biomicroscopy and fundus examination. The intraocular pressure was measured with Perkins applanation tonometry to those persons aged 50years old or more and those with suspected increased IOP. A further examination was performed to those persons with suspicious glaucoma, including repeated tonometric examination, gonioscopy, dark room test, automated visual field testing, et al.· RESULTS: 6 815 of the eligible 8 500 persons of all ages were interviewed and examined from July to December in 2003, a response rate of 80.18%. 9 participants were found to have POAG, with the prevalence of 0.13%, age ranging from 38 to 80 years (mean year:62.0). In those aged 30 years old or more, the prevalence of the disease was 0.23%, 0.28% and 0.39% for those more than 40 and 50 years old, respectively. The rate of suspicious POAG was 0.18% (12 cases) with age ranging from 35 to 77 years (mean year: 54.7). With multiple logistic analyses, the prevalence increased significantly with age (P=0.023). Other than increasing age, myopia was also a strong risk factor for POAG. Of 9participants with POAG, only 2 cases (22.22%) had been previously diagnosed. No one with POAG was received any treatment previously. 66.67% (6 cases) participants with POAG suffered from visual impairment in various degrees secondary to POAG. The percentage of blindness in either eye was 33.33%.· CONCLUSION: The prevalence of POAG is close to that from other Chinese populations, increasing with age. A majority of glaucoma was undiagnosed and untreated previously.