Sistematización de una intervención cognitivo - comunicativa basada en reminiscencia para adultos mayores / Systematization of a cognitive-communicative intervention based on reminiscence for older adults

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar el efecto del programa de intervención cognitivo - comunicativo basado en la reminiscencia (PECC-R) sobre el procesamiento cognitivo global y la autopercepción de bienestar subjetivo. Método En una muestra intencional de 100 adultos mayores autovalentes, 65 conformaron el grupo estudio y 35 el grupo control. El programa se administró en el grupo de estudio. Mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon, se compararon las medidas de resultado de eficacia cognitiva global (MMSE) y bienestar subjetivo (SWLS) antes y después del programa, Asimismo, se compararon las diferencias del pre y postest de ambos grupos mediante U de Mann Whitney. Resultados Se observó una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre el pre y post test del SWLS en el grupo estudio, no así en el grupo control. Este resultado se replicó en la variable eficacia cognitiva global. Se observó una diferencia entre los grupos en ambas medidas, con mayor beneficio en el grupo que recibió la intervención. Conclusión El PECC-R constituye una alternativa viable para la estimulación cognitivo-comunicativa de orden funcional. La evidencia de las diferencias en las actuaciones respalda su utilidad y validez para la intervención en Atención Primaria u otros contextos similares

ABSTRACT Purpose To determine the effect of the reminiscence-based cognitive-communicative intervention program (CCSP-R) on global cognitive processing and self-perception of subjective well-being. Methods A purposive sample of 100 self-care elderly adults, with 65 composing the study group and 35 in the control group. The study group was subjected to the proposed program. The Wilcoxon test compared the outcome measures of global cognitive efficacy (MMSE) and subjective well-being (SWLS) before and after the program, whereas the Mann-Whitney U test compared the pre- and post-test differences between the two groups. Results A statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-test of the SWLS in the study group, but not in the control group. This result was replicated in the global cognitive efficacy variable. A difference between the groups occurred in both measures, with greater benefit for the group that received the intervention. Conclusion The CCSP-R is a viable alternative for cognitive-communicative stimulation of functional order. The evidence of differences in performance supports its usefulness and validity for intervention in primary care or other similar contexts.

Effects of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style for female patients with chronic schizophrenia / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the effect of Naikan cognitive-music reminiscence therapy on coping style in female patients with chronic schizophrenia.Methods In May, 2020, 72 female patients with chronic schizophrenia from Beijing Huilongguan Hospital were assigned into control group (n = 48) and music group (n = 24) after trait matching. Both groups accepted routine medicine, while the control group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy, and the music group accepted Naikan cognitive therapy combined music reminiscence, for twelve weeks. They were blind assessed with Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Self-rating Depression Scale and Self-rating Anxiety Scale before and after intervention.Results There were five cases in the control group removed for erroneous response. The main effects of group were not significant for all the assessments (F < 0.567, P > 0.05). The main effect of time was significant for negative coping style score (F = 6.968, P = 0.01), and the interaction effects were significant for positive coping style score and Self-rating Depression Scale score (F > 4.227, P < 0.05).Conclusion Combining with music reminiscence, Naikan cognitive therapy may be advantageous for the coping style of female patients with chronic schizophrenia.

Brazilian life scripts: reminiscence bump location and characteristics of life events / Roteiro de vida brasileiro: localização do reminiscence bump e características dos eventos de vida / Guiones de vida de brasileños: localización del reminiscence bump y características de los eventos de la vida

The life script construct refers to the semantic knowledge shared by individuals from a given culture and reflects the expectations about when specific events are supposed to happen. This study aimed to identify whether a life script for Brazilian culture and its characteristics exists. Three hundred and eighty-four participants reported the seven most important events in the life of a hypothetical newborn of their same gender and culture. For each event, they informed an estimate of age and levels of importance, prevalence, and valence. Our results showed that most of the events cited were considered positive and expected to happen before age 30. The ages from 15 to 30 had the most positive events (51.9%). Events before age 15 were rated as more prevalent and important. The results are discussed as representations of lifetime development benchmarks within the Brazilian population and compared to other countries' data on life scripts.(AU)

O construto de roteiro de vida se refere ao conhecimento semântico compartilhado entre indivíduos de uma cultura e reflete as expectativas acerca de eventos específicos esperados. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar se existe um roteiro de vida para a cultura brasileira e quais seriam suas características. Trezentos e oitenta e quatro participantes relataram quais os sete eventos mais importantes que provavelmente acontecerão na vida de um recém-nascido hipotético da mesma cultura e gênero que eles. Para cada evento, os participantes informaram estimativas de idade e níveis de importância, de prevalência e de valência. Os resultados mostram que a maioria dos eventos citados foram considerados positivos (51,9%). Eventos estimados para acontecer antes dos 15 anos de idade foram classificados como mais prevalentes e importantes. Os resultados são discutidos como representações de referências do desenvolvimento ao longo da vida na população brasileira e comparados com dados de roteiros de vida de outros países.(AU)

La construcción del guion de vida se refiere al conocimiento semántico que se comparte entre los individuos de una cultura y refleja las expectativas sobre eventos específicos que se espera ocurran en una vida típica. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar eventos en el guion de vida para la cultura brasileña y cuáles serían sus características. Trescientos ochenta y cuatro participantes informaron cuáles son los siete eventos más importantes en la vida de un hipotético recién nacido de la misma cultura y género que ellos. Para cada evento, se informaron estimaciones de edad y niveles de importancia, prevalencia y valencia. Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de los eventos mencionados se consideraron positivos (51,9%). Los eventos de antes de los 15 años fueran más frecuentes y se clasificaron como los importantes. Los resultados se discuten como representaciones de referencias de desarrollo de por vida en la población brasileña y se comparan con datos de los itinerarios de vida de otros países.(AU)

CBT based comprehensive psychotherapy in an elderly female with resistant chronic depression.

Background: The population of the elderly has been on the rise in recent years and this demographic trend is likely to continue. Depression tends to be common in the elderly. Further it is possible that cognitive abilities start deteriorating as a result of depression and even more so due to several changes that are already occurring. This may impact an individual’s cognition, functionality, and autonomy, may progress from a subclinical level to a pathological level if not intervened early. Medications work to reduce symptom severity but sometimes patients become resistant to it and other interventions have to be used. CBT techniques have been found to be effective to treat depression and further efficacy of reminiscence therapy for older adults with mild to moderate depression has been established. Method: The present study was undertaken with the objective of establishing the efficacy of a comprehensive psychotherapy program for an elderly woman, aged 66 years, who presented with a diagnosis of chronic depression, along with chronic pain and sub clinical cognitive limitations. Techniques of CBT, reminiscence therapy and cognitive training was carried out for 8 weekly sessions. Results: The outcome of the intervention showed improvements in overall functioning along with generalization of the training, thereby implicating the effectiveness of the intervention. Conclusion: Thus, it is important to promote active aging, fostering healthy mental functioning and training the cognitive capabilities, to avoid pathological aging or reducing its impact

Effect of reminiscence group therapy on depression, self-esteem and loneliness among elderly women residing in old age home

Background: Elderly women residing in old age home requires greater adaptability. Prevalence of depression, low self-esteem and feelings of loneliness are more among them. RGT has proven as a most effective alternative intervention especially for elderly at minimizing these above outcomes. Therefore, the present study assessed the effect of RGT on depression, self-esteem and loneliness among elderly women residing in old age home.Methods: Quantitative Research approach and quasi- experimental design was adopted. A total of 50 elderly women aged ³60yrs residing in Nirmal Hriday, Missionaries of charity old age home, Bhubaneswar were selected for experimental (N=25) and control (N=25) group by using purposive sampling. Baseline data were collected by using Socio demographic data Performa, Geriatric depression scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale and UCLA loneliness scale after getting written informed consent from each participant. Total 3 biweekly reminiscence sessions for 45 minutes was held by dividing the experimental group into 4 groups.Results: Analysis revealed that after RGT, the experimental group showed that level of depression was decreased (before intervention 10.08±1.41 and after intervention 6.36±1.38), self-esteem was improved (before intervention 23.4±2.69 and after intervention 29.56±2.58) and loneliness was reduced (before intervention 36.92±4.57 and after intervention 20.96±5.09) significantly. There was a statistically significant difference found in depression, self-esteem and loneliness scores among experimental group as compared to control group (p<0.0001).Conclusions: On the findings of the study it was concluded that RGT yielded positive effects among elderly women residing in old age home.

Autobiographical memory: a proposal for mnemic stimulation in elderly individuals / Memória autobiográfica: uma proposta de estimulação mnêmica em idosos / Memoria autobiográfica: una propuesta de estimulación mnémica en ancianos

The objective of this study was to document the autobiographical memory intervention process for elderly individuals developed by Serrano, Latorre, and Montañes (2005) and to verify the impact on cognition, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life. The study design was a quasi-experimental research approach with pre- and post-intervention evaluations, where ten individuals of both sexes, divided into a control group (CG = 5) and an experimental group (EG = 5) were investigated. There were no gains in cognition, depression, anxiety, and quality of life scores. However, the application of the designed protocol for each group allowed elderly individuals to interact and socialize in an environment capable of favoring autobiographical recall. It is suggested, however, that professionals, when applying the script, have the necessary flexibility for a possible extension in the number of elderly individuals, time and sessions.

O objetivo deste estudo foi documentar o processo de implantação de uma intervenção de memória autobiográfica para idosos desenvolvida por Serrano, Latorre e Montañes (2005) e verificar o impacto na cognição, nos sintomas depressivos, na ansiedade e na qualidade de vida. O delineamento do estudo foi quase experimental, com avaliações pré e pós-intervenção, sendo investigadas dez pessoas idosas de ambos os sexos, divididas em grupo controle (GC = 5) e grupo experimental (GE = 5). Não houve ganhos em escores cognitivos, depressão, ansiedade e qualidade de vida. Contudo, a aplicação do protocolo proporcionou a interação e socialização dos idosos em um ambiente capaz de favorecer a rememoração autobiográfica. Sugere-se, porém, que os profissionais, ao aplicarem o roteiro, tenham flexibilidade necessária para possível ampliação de número de idosos, tempo e número de sessões.

El objetivo de este estudio fue documentar el proceso de implantación de una intervención de memoria autobiográfica para ancianos desarrollada por Serrano, Latorre y Montañes (2005) y verificar el impacto en los síntomas depresivos, cognición, ansiedad y calidad de vida. El diseño del estudio fue casi experimental con evaluaciones pre y post-intervención, siendo investigaron diez ancianos de ambos sexos, divididos en grupo control (GC = 5) y grupo experimental (GE = 5). No hubo, ganancias en los escores de cognición, depresión, ansiedad y calidad de vida. Sin embargo la aplicación del protocolo ortogarda la interacción y la socialización de los ancianos en un ambiente capaz de favorecer la rememoración autobiográfica. Se sugiere, sin embargo, que los profesionales, al aplicar el guión, tengan flexibilidad necesaria para posible ampliación del número de ancianos, tiempo y sesiones.

Effectiveness of structured group reminiscence therapy in decreasing the feelings of loneliness, depressive symptoms and anxiety among inmates of a residential home for the elderly in Chittoor district

Background: The proportion of the elderly population is increasing in low and middle-income countries. Apart from systemic illnesses, elderly people face mental illnesses. Effect of group reminiscence therapy in reducing some of the mental health aspects showing a promising effect but the evidence is lacking in Indian settings. The present study aimed to determine the effect of reminiscence therapy in decreasing the level of loneliness, depressive symptoms, and anxiety among the elderly population at an institutional level.Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, residents of an old age home were evaluated for loneliness, depressive symptoms and anxiety through revised UCLA, geriatric depression scale, and Geriatric Anxiety Scale respectively. Group reminiscence therapy was applied to them and post-intervention assessment was done by the same scales.Results: Significant reduction of anxiety score [1.33 (0.03, 2.64)] was noticed in anxiety. Depressive symptoms showed a mean reduction in score [0.59 (-0.41, 1.6)] but statistically not significant. When graded into severity, all three outcomes showed improvement from higher severity grade to lower grade in post-intervention assessment. The intervention resulted in an improvement of 66.7% in depressive symptoms, 33.3% in anxiety and 30.8% in loneliness.Conclusions: The study found reminiscence therapy could be encouraging in resource-poor Indian settings. We recommend for further exploration of the long-term effects of this program, its feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and validation of the content for large-scale implementation.

Study of aromas as reminiscence triggers in community-dwelling older adults in Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: This study investigates the presence or absence of reminiscence experiences in older adults when using aromas. Focusing on 40 scents familiar to Japanese people, our objective was to determine points of caution for aroma selection and use in reminiscence therapy.Materials and Methods: The participants were 118 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older. They were asked about the experience of recalling the past in response to stimuli of 40 aromas on the Japanese version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT-J). In addition, an olfactory visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate olfactory function. Furthermore, a questionnaire-based survey was administered instead of asking participants to actually smell the odorants in the UPSIT-J.Results: At least 70% of the participants experienced recalling the past triggered by 16 aromas including sandalwood and yuzu fruit. Furthermore, 15 of the scents demonstrated a significant association with age, gender, and olfactory function.Conclusion: These results suggest the importance of considering method, age, and gender when selecting olfactory stimuli. In addition, frequently recalled aromas might evoke reminiscence in older adults.

Effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on health related quality of life among the old age people residing at a selected old age home, Bengaluru, India

Background and Objectives: The well being of oneself, happiness with one’s situation in life and ability to perform and control the different situation of life is HRQoL. Reminiscence therapy is a way for residents of assistant living facilities to become better acquainted with one another and strengthen the personal value and self esteem. The objective of this study was to assess the HRQoL while application of Reminiscence Therapy among the old age people who are residing at a selected old age home in Bengaluru, India. Materials and Methods: For this study quasi experimental research design was selected and convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from 60 samples staying at old age home by using the SF-36 scale. The samples in experimental group receive 10 sessions of reminiscence therapy each session last for 45 minutes to 1 hour. The experimental group was divided into 6 groups each group having five members for group discussion related to the topics like childhood memories, education pattern, first job and first salary, marriage, first child etc. Post test data was collected after a week of implementation of Reminiscence Therapy. Then the data was analyzed and interpreted. Results: The findings of the study with regard to pretest HRQoL reveals that 86.7% has poor HRQoL, 13.3 % moderate HRQoL and no one was having good HRQoL in experimental group. In control group 56.7% has poor HRQoL, 43.3% moderate HRQoL and no one was having good HRQoL. But in posttest, only in experimental group there was significant improvement in HRQoL as 83.3% has good HRQoL, 13.3% moderate HRQoL and 3% poor HRQoL.  Conclusion: This study concluded that with significant improvement in the SF-36 Scale score after administration of the reminiscence therapy and seen improvement in HRQoL.

Piloting Digital Memory Album Project for Older Adult with Mild to Moderate Dementia in Malaysia – A Feasibility Study / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#Introduction: There are increasing trend in using information and communication technologies to enhance the deliverance of reminiscence work for people with dementia. Thus this study aimed to explore the feasibility of Digital Memory Album (DMA) to support reminiscence work and subsequently evaluate the psychosocial benefits of the DMA system for older adults with dementia living in community. Method: This was an exploratory case study involved five participants with mild to moderate dementia and their primary caregivers. Each participant had an opportunity to review their own life history using Life Review Experience Form (LREF) with the researcher for 8 consecutive weeks in which subsequently facilitated in development of a personalised digital life story. Caregivers provided additional information to support the development of DMA. The whole process was audio recorded. The digital life story was presented in multimedia format and displayed using the DMA. The DMA was given to the participants for review. Qualitative data was collected using semi structure questions with the participants and caregivers immediately after the completion of DMA and 6 weeks after having the DMA as a gift. Results: Analysis of the audio-records and interview data indicated that DMA promoted psychosocial wellbeing which included enjoyment, comfort, stimulate long term memory and enhanced communication and social interactions with family members and friends. Caregivers expressed the DMA helped them in recollecting the past and better understanding of their loved ones. It also reoriented their focus on their loved ones from their disability to the remaining strength. Conclusion: For the first time, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using DMA in improving the psychosocial wellbeing for people with dementia in Malaysia.

The effects of group reminiscence therapy on depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly: a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of group reminiscence therapy on improving the depressive symptoms of the institutionalized elderly. Methods Collecting clinical randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized controlled trials of group reminiscence therapy for improving depressive symptoms in institutionalized elderly which published from 2000 to November 2016, by searching the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, EMbase, China Biology Medicine, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Database, Taiwan Academic Online Database and Airiti Library. And reviewing the quality of the studies by using the tools for assessing risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software was used for data analysis. Results Ten studies(2 randomized controlled trials and 8 quasi-experiments), including a total of 511 cases, were included. The results showed that group reminiscence therapy significantly improved the depression, life satisfaction, and self-esteem of institutionalized elderly (95%CI-1.11--0.56, 0.41-2.05, 1.99-3.82, all P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between group reminiscence therapy and usual nursing in relieving loneliness (P = 0.21). Conclusions Group reminiscence therapy can improve the depression in institutionalized elderly, decrease the degree of depression, improve the level of life satisfaction and self-esteem. But in the ease of loneliness has not been confirmed. The randomized controlled trials included in this study were rare and the quality of the literature was low, and large-scale randomized controlled trials of higher quality are needed to confirm this.

Effect of reminiscence therapy on quality of life and happiness degree of spouses of patients with Parkinson’s disease / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To evaluate the effect of reminiscence therapy on quality of life and happiness degree of spouses of patients with Parkinson′s disease. Methods A total of 60 spouses of patients with Parkinson′s disease were divided into experimental group and control group according to the hospital number with 30 cases each. Both groups received routine health education. In addition, reminiscence therapy was implemented in experimental group for 8 weeks. The spouses were investigated with The World Health Organization Quality Of Life- BREF (WHOQOL- BREF) and Memorial University of Newfoundland Scale of Happiness (MUNSH) before and after intervention. Results Before intervention, the scores of WHOQOL-BREF was (59.47±13.52) points in control group and (59.42±13.45) points in experimental group,and there was no significant difference(t=1.00, P > 0.05). After intervention, the scores of WHOQOL- BREF was (60.12±13.48) points in control group and (72.65±11.32) points in experimental group,and there was significant difference (t=3.45, P 0.05). After intervention, the scores of MUNSH was (22.75±6.24) points in control group and (34.56±5.78) points in experimental group,and there was significant difference(t=13.65, P < 0.01). Conclusions Reminiscence therapy could effectively improve the quality of life and happiness degree of spouses of patients with Parkinson′s disease.

El trabajo de la reminiscencia en talleres sociopreventivos, un abordaje grupal / Reminiscence sessions in social preventive workshops, a group approach / Sessões de reminiscências em oficinas sociais preventivas, uma abordagem de grupo

En este trabajo las autoras transmitimos la experiencia de coordinar durante varios años talleres centrados en la reminiscencia, logrando buenos resultados en prevención primaria con adultos mayores. Entendemos la reminiscencia como "una actividad mental organizada, compleja y que posee una finalidad instrumental importantísima: la de permitirle al sujeto reafirmar su autoestima cuando sus capacidades psicofísicas y relacionales comienzan a perder vitalidad". (Salvarezza, 1998, p. 112). El objetivo fundamental apuntó a la socioprevención, por tanto se ha buscado favorecer el desarrollo de vínculos entre pares, la participación en nuevos ámbitos de relación y la integración comunitaria. Trabajando desde la Psicología positiva reorientando el foco atencional de las debilidades a las fortalezas humanas. Y centrando la tarea en las narraciones de los participantes, se ha tendido a aumentar la autonomía, la valoración personal, la autoestima y a consolidar el sentido de identidad.

In this paper, the authors share their experience in coordinating workshops focused on reminiscence for many years. These workshops were successful in achieving good results in primary prevention in the elderly. We understand reminiscence as "an organized, complex mental activity, which has an important instrumental purpose: allowing the subject to reaffirm his/her self-esteem when his/her psychophysical and relational skills begin to lose vitality." (Salvarezza, 1988, p. 112). The main objective was aimed at socio-prevention, thus it has sought to encourage the development of affective bonds between peers, participation in new areas of relationship and community integration. Working from the positive psychology perspective, redirecting the focus of attention from weaknesses to human strengths and focusing the work on the life stories of the participants, the idea was to increase the autonomy, self-worth, self-esteem of the individual and strengthen his sense of identity.

Neste artigo, os autores compartilham sua experiência na coordenação de oficinas de reminiscência por muitos anos. Essas oficinas foram bem-sucedidos na obtenção de bons resultados na prevenção primária em idosos. Entendemos reminiscência como "uma atividade organizada de complexidade mental, que tem um importante propósito instrumental: permitindo um tema que reafirme a auto-estima das pessoas idosas, quando suas habilidades psicofísicas e relacionais começam a perder a vitalidade." (Salvarezza, 1988, p. 112). O objetivo principal foi destinada à prevenção social, portanto, procurando incentivar o desenvolvimento de laços afetivos entre pares, a participação em novas áreas de relacionamento e à integração da comunidade. Trabalhando a partir da perspectiva da Psicologia Positiva, redirecionando o foco de atenção de deficiências a forças humanas e focar o trabalho sobre as histórias de vida dos participantes, a ideia foi aumentar a autonomia, a auto-estima do indivíduo e fortalecer seu senso de identidade.

Effects of reminiscence therapy on mild to moderate dementia patients:a Meta analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

group was also higher than that in the control group, Z=2.39, P0.05. Conclusions Reminiscence therapy improves cognitive function, the ability of self-care and social communicate of patients with mild to moderate dementia patients,so that it can improve further patients′quality of life.

A reminiscence program intervention to improve the quality of life of long-term care residents with Alzheimer's disease: a randomized controlled trial / Intervenção com um programa de reminiscência para melhorar qualidade de vida de residentes com Alzheimer com cuidados prolongados: ensaio controlado randomizado

OBJECTIVE: A single-blinded, parallel-groups (intervention, active and passive control groups) randomized controlled trial (RCT) was chosen to investigate whether a specific reminiscence program is associated with higher levels of quality of life in nursing home residents with dementia. METHODS: The intervention used a life-story approach, while the control groups participated in casual discussions. The Social Engagement Scale (SES) and Self Reported Quality of Life Scale (SRQoL) were used as the outcome measures, which were examined at baseline (T0), 12 weeks (T1), and six months (T2) after the intervention. The final sample had 135 subjects (active control group = 45; passive control group = 45; intervention group = 45). RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test showed significant differences in the intervention group between T2 and T0, and between T1 and T0 in the SES, and there were significant differences between T0 and T1 (intervention effect size = 0.267) and T1 and T2 (intervention effect size = 0.450) in the SRQoL. The univariate logistic regression scores showed that predictors of change in the SRQoL were associated with fewer baseline anxiety symptoms and lower depression scores. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention led to significant differences between the three groups over time, showing a significant improvement in the quality of life and engagement of the residents in the intervention group.

OBJETIVO: Elegeu-se um ensaio randomizado controlado simples cego, com grupos paralelos (intervenção, comparação e controle) para pesquisar se um programa específico de reminiscência associa-se com maiores níveis de qualidade de vida em residentes com demência com cuidados prolongados. MÉTODO: No grupo de intervenção usou-se o enfoque da história de vida, enquanto o grupo controle recebeu conversas amistosas. A Escala de Compromisso Social (SES) e a escala auto-referida de qualidade de vida (SRQoL) foram as medidas de resultados, examinados na linha de base, doze semanas, e seis meses após a intervenção. A mostra final teve 135 sujeitos (controle n = 45; comparação n = 45; intervenção n = 45). RESULTADOS: Wilcoxon test no grupo intervencional comparando os resultados entre T1 e T0, T2 e T1, e T2 e T0 mostraram diferenças significativas entre T2 e T0 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,460) e T1 e T0 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,486) em o SES; e entre T0 e T1 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,267) e T1 e T2 (tamanho do efeito de intervenção = 0,450) em o SRQoL no grupo de intervenção. As pontuações de regressão logística univariada mostraram que os predictores de mudança estavam associados com menores níveis de ansiedade basal e menores níveis de depresión. CONCLUSÕES: A intervenção produziu diferenças significativas entre os três grupos ao longo do tempo, mostrando uma melhoria significativa na qualidade de vida e compromisso dos residentes no grupo de intervenção.

Intergenerational integration, social capital and health: a theoretical framework and results from a qualitative study / Integração intergeracional, capital social e saúde: arcabouço teórico e resultados de um estudo qualitativo

The purpose of this paper is to report results from a qualitative evaluation of a school based intergenerational intervention and also to derive a theoretical framework to explain the changes of attitudes in an intervention of this kind. This is a qualitative evaluation of an intervention where 32 elders from the neighbouring area of a secondary school of Ceilândia, Distrito Federal (DF) of Brazil shared their memories with the 111 students during four months. After the intervention, adolescents and elders took part in 14 focus group discussions where they evaluated the effect of the activities in some aspect of their lives. The intervention had a positive impact in the participants' perceptions of family relationships, health status and solidarity. However, it did not improve feelings of trust in others. The results also suggested other possible dimensions of social capital for these age groups such as mutual respected and perception of being valued by others. Although the study had some limitations, it showed the possible mechanisms of psychosocial changes involved in interventions of this kind which have not been investigated.

O propósito deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de um estudo qualitativo para avaliar atividades intergeracionais desenvolvidas em uma escola de ensino fundamental e descrever o arcabouço teórico utilizado para explicar as mudanças envolvidas nesse tipo de atividade. Foi feita avaliação qualitativa de uma intervenção em que 32 idosos da área de abrangência de uma escola de ensino fundamental de Ceilândia, Distrito Federal, Brasil, compartilharam suas memórias com 111 alunos durante quatro meses. Depois da intervenção, idosos e adolescentes participaram de 14 grupos focais em que discutiram o efeito das atividades em alguns aspectos de suas vidas. A intervenção teve um impacto positivo na percepção dos participantes referente à relação familiar, autopercepção do estado de saúde e solidariedade. No entanto, não afetou os sentimentos de confiança mútua. Os resultados também sugerem possíveis dimensões de capital social para esses grupos etários, tais como respeito mútuo e sentimento de serem valorizados, ainda não investigados. Embora com limitações, este estudo mostrou os possíveis mecanismos de mudanças psicossociais que ocorrem nesse tipo de intervenção.

Hipermnesia y rmminiscencia: dos fenómenos de rcuperación incremental de inforrmación de la memoria / Hypermnesia nd rreminiscence: two phenomena of incremental rcovery of inforrmation from memory

La hipermnesia se define por incrementos graduales en la recuperación de información de la memoria como resultado de ensayos múltiples de recuerdo y después de una sola fase de aprendizaje. La reminiscencia se define por la recuperación de elementos individuales de información no reportados en ensayos previos de recuerdo. El presente artículo proporciona una descripción del paradigma de estudio de estos fenómenos. Además, se mencionan los antecedentes históricos, las principales hipótesis propuestas para su explicación, las investigaciones actuales y sus posibles aplicaciones en el área del testimonio de testigos, la educación y la psicología clínica. Por ultimo, se señala la importancia del estudio de estos procesos de memoria y las nuevas tendencias de investigación.

Hypermnesia is defined as gradual increases in information recovery from memory as result of multiple recall trials and after a single learning phase. Reminiscence is defined by recovery of single information elements not reported in recall trials previously. The present article provides a description of study paradigm of this phenomenon. In addition, historical background, main proposed hypotheses for its explanations, current research and possible applications in the area of eyewitness testimony, education and clinical psychology are mentioned. Finally, it is point out the importance of the study of these processes of memory and the new tendencies in research.

Intervenção na depressão geriátrica através da reminiscência / Intervention in geriatric depression through reminiscence

Actualmente, a depressão é a problemática em termos de saúde mental com maior prevalênciaentre as pessoas idosas. Considerando a evolução verificada nas últimas décadas, as intervençõesfarmacológicas e psicoterapêuticas, como a cognitivo-comportamental, mostraram ser instrumentoseficazes de tratamento. Não obstante, outras estratégias, consideradas como não-tradicionais, devemtambém ser consideradas como estratégias válidas de intervenção na depressão das pessoas idosas.Assim, têm despertado um assinalado interesse, em parte por não terem as limitações das intervençõesfarmacológicas, como os efeitos secundários, e cognitivo-comportamentais, como o elevado graude exigência cognitiva. A mais conhecida deste conjunto de estratégias é a terapia da reminiscência.O propósito deste artigo é analisar a reminiscência enquanto estratégia de intervenção junto deidosos com sintomatologia depressiva por meio duma revisão da literatura acerca deste tópicotanto em termos de estudos de sínteses, nomeadamente a meta-análise, e estudos empíricosdesenvolvidos nos últimos dez anos. A terapia da reminiscência é apresentada enquanto instrumentoterapêutico e avaliada a sua eficácia enquanto estratégia de intervenção precoce na sintomatologiadepressiva de idosos, assim como a sua função na capacidade que tem de atribuição de significadode vida e preparação para a morte. Como conclusão, são destacadas algumas linhas de investigaçãoa realizar neste âmbito.

Depression is the most prevalent mental illness amongst the elderly. Considering the amount of work produced on the last decades, the pharmacological interventions and cognitive-behavioural psychotherapies have shown to be effective treatments. Nevertheless, other strategies considered non-traditional should also be measured as valid strategies of intervention for depressive older people because of the fact of these therapies not having the limitations of the pharmacological and cognitivebehavioural interventions, such as side effects and cognitive demands. From this group of strategies the reminiscence therapy is the most used. The purpose of this article is to analyse the reminiscence therapy as a strategy of intervention amongst elders that have symptoms of depression, by using a literature review about this topic, namely meta-analysis and empirical studies developed over the past ten years. The reminiscence therapy is a therapeutic instrument and as such its effectiveness is evaluated in different ways. It is evaluated as an early intervention strategy in the elderly that suffer from depressive symptoms, as well as its capacity to bring meaning to life and preparation for death. In conclusion, we propose some additional research variables in this domain

Effects of Individual Reminiscence Therapy on Older Adults' Depression, Morale and Quality of Life / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of individual reminiscence therapy on older adults' depression, morale, and the quality of life. METHODS: The design was a single-group pre-test and post-test study. Subjects consisted of 31 older adults from two senior centers and a welfare center in Seoul. Individual reminiscence therapy was applied to study subjects four times, once a week for an hour at each time. Measurement tools were the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea (GDSSF-K) for depression, Mun Ae-ri's (1996) scale for morale, and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) for the quality of life. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired t-test, and pearson correlation. RESULTS: The application of individual reminiscence therapy reduced older adults' depression (t=-5.65, p=.000), and enhanced older adults' morale (t=4.65, p=.000). The application of individual reminiscence therapy improved older adults' quality of life (t=5.00, p=.000). CONCLUSION: Findings of the study suggest that individual reminiscence therapy may be applied as a nursing intervention that contributesto the improvement of older adults' quality of life, reduces their depression, and enhances their morale.

Effects of Group Reminiscence with Mugwort Fragrance Inhalation on Pain, Depression and Ego Integrity of the Elderly with Chronic Pain / 성인간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to test some effects on pain, depression and ego integrity of the elderly by adapting group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance to the elderly with chronic pain. METHOD: The research was executed from April 2001 through September 2001, and research participants were male and female olderly people randomly assigned from 3 environmentally similar day care centers. They were divided into experimental group A and B, and a control group; The control group was divided into a daily care group and a regularly visiting group, and the experimental group A was for group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance inhalation and the group B for group reminiscence therapy. RESULT: The group reminiscence therapy with mugwort fragrance inhalation showed significant effects on decrease of pain and depression, and improvement of ego integrity, and for 2 weeks after the treatment proved its continuous effect. CONCLUSION: The result above explains the fact the mugwort fragrance stimulates reminiscence and shows curing effects. In further researches, it is necessary to adapt various health problems of the elderly, not only to the aged with chonic pain.