Analysis of noise reduction measures in a noise workshop handover control room / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the sound insulation, sound absorption and other noise reduction transformation methods in a noise workshop handover control room. Methods: In December 2021, through the occupational health investigation and on-site testing of the handover control room of a noise workshop, the causes of excessive noise were analyzed, and the transformation design scheme to reduce noise was proposed and the effect was analyzed. Results: Before the transformation, the peak frequency band noise intensity of the noise workshop handover control room was 112.8 dB (A), and the peak frequency was 1000 Hz. After noise reduction, the theoretical calculated control value was 61.0 dB (A), and the measured noise intensity was 59.8 dB (A) . Conclusion: The noise intensity of the handover control room is reduced after noise reduction, which is in line with the contact limit requirements of the control room in GBZ 1-2010 "Hygienic Standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises", and has reference significance for noise control engineering.

Analysis of farmers' perceptions and behavioral response to rural living environment renovation in a major rice-producing area: a case of Dongting Lake Wetland, China / Análise das percepções dos agricultores e resposta comportamental à renovação do ambiente de vida rural em uma grande área de produção de arroz: Um caso de Dongting Lake Wetland, China

ABSTRACT: This article combines influencing factors of farmers' participation in the Rural Living Environment Renovation Project (RLERP) and conceptualizes a model that depicts the relationships between the demographic characteristics of farmers and their perceptions and behavioral response to RLERP. Using a questionnaire survey to collect empirical data, we found (1) A total of 92% of farmers have fully realized the importance of rural living environment, but most people have adopted a wait-and-see attitude and a lack of motivation to participate. (2) A total of 65% of farmers participate in the collection and classification of domestic waste, 22% of the farmers participate in captivity livestock behavior, and 19% of farmers participate in the response behavior of domestic sewage treatment. (3) A significant positive correlation occurs between income level and farmers' cognition and behavior response. (4) The education standards of the public are not correlated with the farmers' cognition but is significantly correlated with farmers' behavioral response. (5) The cognitive and behavioral response of females to RLERP is significantly higher than that of men. 6) In the process from cognition to the action response, farmers' cognition is positively correlated with action response. On this basis, some measures and suggestions to improve the response of farmers to rural living environment renovation are put forward.

RESUMO: Este artigo combina fatores que influenciam a participação dos agricultores no Projeto de Renovação do Ambiente Rural (RLERP) e conceitua um modelo que descreve as relações entre as características demográficas dos agricultores e suas percepções e resposta comportamental ao RLERP. Usando uma pesquisa por questionário para coletar dados empíricos, encontramos: (1) um total de 92% dos agricultores perceberam plenamente a importância do ambiente de vida rural, mas a maioria das pessoas adotou uma atitude de esperar para ver e uma falta de motivação para participar; (2) um total de 65% dos agricultores participam da coleta e classificação do lixo doméstico, 22% dos agricultores participam do comportamento pecuário em cativeiro e 19% dos agricultores participam do comportamento de resposta ao tratamento de esgoto doméstico; (3) uma correlação positiva significativa ocorre entre o nível de renda, a cognição e a resposta comportamental dos agricultores; (4) os padrões de educação do público não estão correlacionados com a cognição dos agricultores, mas estão significativamente correlacionados com a resposta comportamental dos agricultores; (5) a resposta cognitiva e comportamental das mulheres ao RLERP é significativamente maior do que a dos homens; (6) no processo de cognição para resposta de ação, a cognição dos agricultores está positivamente correlacionada com a resposta de ação. Com base nisso, são apresentadas algumas medidas e sugestões para melhorar a resposta dos agricultores à renovação do ambiente rural.

Accuracy of robot-assisted and fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement: A meta-analysis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Traditional fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw fixation is not highly accurate and can lead to serious surgical complications. To reduce surgical complications and improve the success rate of surgery, robotic assistive technology emerges as the times require. OBJECTIVE: To compare the difference of robot-assisted and fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement using meta-analysis. METHODS: The study included clinical controlled trials on robot-assisted and fluoroscopy-guided pedicle screw placement published in and outside China from December 2008 to December 2018. The retrieval was performed in the online databases include Embase, PubMed, Central, CNKI, CQVIP, Wanfang, and CBM. Keywords used for search were robot assisted, fluoroscopy guided, conventional, freehand, pedicle screw in English and Chinese. After the data were extracted, statistical software Review Manager 5.3 was used for data-analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Based on the above search strategy, 1 615 studies were retrieved, and 13 were included. (2) Statistical analysis found that placement accuracy in the robot-assisted group was better than that of the fluoroscopy group [95%CI(1.55, 4.06), P=0.000 2]. Radiation intensity in the fluoroscopy group was lower than that in the robot-assisted group [95%CI(0.42, 0.82), P < 0.001], and the difference was statistically significant. (3) However, the incidence of complications [95%CI(0.23, 4.65), P=0.96] and revised surgery [95%CI(0.03, 3.17), P=0.33] were not statistically significant between the robot-assisted group and the fluoroscopy group. Intraoperative fluoroscopy time was similar between the two groups [95%CI(-38.55, 78.26), P=0.51]. Postoperative back pain [95%CI(-0.58, 0.38), P=0.68], leg pain score [95%CI(-0.20, 0.19), P=0.94] and operation time [95%CI(-6.33, 53.02), P=0.12] were also similar between the two groups, and the differences were not statistically significant. (4) Compared with fluoroscopy, robot-assisted technique has higher pedicle screw placement accuracy, especially under percutaneous conditions. Inevitably, the intraoperative radiation intensity is also more than conventional fluoroscopy.

Application and progress of three-dimensional printing technology in hip arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is a new rapid prototyping technology, which has been initially applied in orthopedics, especially in the clinical application of hip replacement surgery. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the application status, existing problems and future development direction of 3D printing technology in hip arthroplasty. METHODS: The relevant articles published between January 2000 and March 2019 were retrieved from PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases. The keywords were "3D printing, rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, computer aided, computer-assisted, hip, hip replacement, hip arthroplasty, revision hip arthroplasty" in English and Chinese, respectively. Initially, 1 833 articles were retrieved, and finally 105 eligible articles were included for result analysis in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the clinical application of hip replacement surgery, 3D printing technology Is mainly used to make anatomical models for clinical teaching or preoperative plan, patient-specific surgical guides, customized implants or prostheses. (2) The advantages of 3D printing technology can make up for the deficiency of traditional treatment, and it can help to optimize the surgical plan, shorten the operation time, decrease the bleeding, reduce postoperative complications, improve the accuracy of surgery and clinical results. (3) Individualized treatment with 3D printing technology will become a new direction in hip arthroplasty.

1. The Advance of Utilizing Real World Data Under Pharmaceutical Regulatory Schemes Regarding the Approval Review and Post-marketing Safety Assessment / 薬剤疫学

Pharmaceutical regulatory schemes concerned with real world data have been changing remarkably in terms of both drug development and post-marketing.As for drug development, ICH proposed “GCP Renovation” , which includes modernization of E8 Guideline (General Consideration for Clinical Trials) and subsequent renovation of E6 Guideline (Good Clinical Practice). It covers pragmatic clinical trials, randomized controlled trials using patient registry data, and even observational studies using real world data. In the US, “The 21st Century Cures Act” refers to the proposal concerning speeding up the approval review by making clinical trials more efficient. In fact, there are some cases where real world data was used in the approval review of expanding the application. Also, in Japan, Clinical Innovation Network (CIN) plan was announced, and utilizing the natural history data like patient registry as the control group of clinical trials for the approval review is now under consideration.As regards post-marketing surveillance, “Conditional & Accelerated Approval” (October 20, 2017, Yakuseiyakushinhatsu 1020 No. 1) stated that post-marketing confirmation of validity of efficacy and safety using real world data, such as Medical Information Database Network (MID-NET) project and patients registries in CIN plan, is required to get the early approval. Moreover, “The Ordinance on Good Post-Marketing Practice” (October 26, 2017, MHLW Ordinance No. 116) newly provided “Post-marketing Database Study” , which is conducted by use of medical information database like MID-NET, and utilizing real world data for post-marketing safety monitoring began.

Research on hemostatic effect and mechanism of carbonized Scutellariae Radix on rats of uterine bleeding / 中国中药杂志

The aim of this paper was to investigate the hemostatic effect and mechanism of carbonized Scutellariae Radix on uterine bleeding in the rats caused by early pregnancy termination. Eight unpregnant female rats were selected as normal group. Forty female rats conceived on the same day received mifepristone(11. 4 mg·kg-1) and misoprostol(125 μg·kg-1) to induce model of incomplete abortion in early pregnancy. Abortion models were randomly divided into model group,carbonized Scutellariae Radix water extract low dose group(0. 55 g·kg-1),medium group(1. 10 g·kg-1),high dose group(2. 20 g·kg-1) and positive control group(0. 45 g·kg-1).The uterine bleeding volume was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The pathological changes of endometrium were detected by HE(hematixylin-eosin) staining. The levels of interleukin(IL-1β),IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) in the plasma of rats were determined by ELISA. The expression levels of IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in the uterus of rats were determined by RT-PCR.The protein expression levels of VEGF,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were determined by Western blot. As compared with the normal group,the uterine bleeding volume and histopathological score were increased significantly; microvessel density of endometrial tissues was decreased significantly; the contents of TNF-α,IL-1β and the levels of TNF-α mRNA and IL-1β mRNA in the plasma were increased,while the content of IL-6 and level of IL-6 mRNA were decreased significantly. The protein expression levels of VEGF,MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the uterine tissues were also decreased. As compared with the model group,the uterine bleeding volume was decreased significantly in the carbonized Scutellariae Radix medium dose and high dose groups; endometrial repair was promoted,and the microvessel density of endometrial tissues was increased significantly; the contents of IL-1β and TNF-α in the plasma of rats were decreased significantly,while the content of IL-6 in the plasma of rats was increased significantly; the expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA in the uterus of rats were decreased and the expression level of IL-6 mRNA showed an increase; the protein expressions of VEGF,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were decreased significantly in carbonized Scutellariae Radix medium and high dose groups. In conclusion,carbonized Scutellariae Radix showed good hemostatic effect,and its mechanism may be related to the repair of endometrium and inhibition of inflammatory reaction.

Process of acquisition and renovation of biomedical technology / Proceso de adquisición y renovación de tecnología biomédica / Processo de aquisição e renovação de tecnologia biomédica

Abstract Inefficient use of resources in biomedical technology and low quality in the provision of health services, support the need to implement a process of acquisition and renovation of biomedical technology such as that set out in this Article. It also includes the recommended procedures within this process, which are intended to be standards for all the Institutions that provide Health Services in Colombia.

Resumen El uso ineficiente de los recursos en la tecnología biomédica y la baja calidad en la prestación de servicios de salud, apoyan la necesidad de implementar un proceso de adquisición y renovación de tecnología biomédica como el establecido en este artículo. También incluye los procedimientos recomendados dentro de este proceso, los cuales están destinados a ser estándares para todas las instituciones que proveen servicios de salud en Colombia.

Resumo O uso ineficiente dos recursos da tecnologia biomédica e de baixa qualidade na prestação de serviços de saúde, apoiam a necessidade de implementar um processo de aquisição e renovação da tecnologia biomédica como a estabelecida neste artigo. Também inclui os procedimentos recomendados dentro deste processo, os quais estão destinados a ser padrão para todas as Instituições que proveem Serviços de Saúde na Colômbia.

Practice of Space Renovation for Medical Libraries / 医学信息学杂志

Taking the physical space renovation of the library of Dalian Medical University as an example,the paper states the significance of space renovation for libraries,detailedly introduces the physical space renovation plan including co-learning space,medical humanistic reading space,overseas students culture reading space,culture presentation space,etc.,and provides references for the library space renovation of other medical colleges.

The Interaction Between Prenatal Exposure to Home Renovation and Reactive Oxygen Species Genes in Cord Blood IgE Response is Modified by Maternal Atopy

PURPOSE: Although home renovation exposure during childhood has been identified as a risk factor for the development of allergy, there is limited information on the association between prenatal exposure to home renovation and cord blood (CB) IgE response. The aims of this study were to identify the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on CB IgE levels, and to investigate whether this exposure interacts with neonatal genes and whether the effect can be modified by maternal atopy. METHODS: This study included 1,002 mother-neonate pairs from the COhort for Childhood Origin of Asthma and allergic diseases (COCOA). Prenatal environmental factors were collected using a questionnaire. The levels of CB IgE were measured by the ImmunoCAP system, and DNA was extracted from CB. RESULTS: Exposure to home renovation during the prenatal period was associated with significantly higher levels of CB IgE only in neonates from atopic mothers, and the effect of renovation exposure on CB IgE levels persisted from 31 months before birth. Furthermore, prenatal exposure to home renovation increased the risk of CB IgE response interacting with polymorphisms of NRF2 and GSTP1 genes only in neonates from atopic mothers. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal atopy modified the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on CB serum IgE response as well as the interaction between the exposure and neonatal genes involved in the oxidative stress pathway. These findings suggest that the genetically susceptible offspring of atopic mothers may be more vulnerable to the effect of prenatal exposure to home renovation on the development of allergy.

Hospital renovation and expansion cost control and environment protection and energy saving study / 中国医学装备

Objective: Implementation of effective control, tracking, analysis and evaluation to the hospital renovation and expansion cost and achieve the objectives of cost reduction and efficiency, environmental protection and energy saving. Methods:In practical work, insisting on the direction of cost control and environmental protection, executing accurate management, to improve energy using efficiency and reduce costs. Results:Study the means of hospital renovation and expansion project cost control and environmental protection and energy saving, improve funds usability. Conclusion:Lean management produce effectiveness, hospital renovation and expansion project cost control and environmental protection and energy conservation work can gradually get people's attention.

As organizações sociais de saúde como forma de gestão público/privado / Health social organizations as a way of public/private management

O presente tem como objetivo analisar o processo de implementação das organizações sociais de saúde (OSS), no Estado de São Paulo, focalizando o papel desempenhado por fatores como autonomia administrativa e financeira, direcionamento proposto pelo contrato de gestão e o emprego de instrumentos e práticas gerenciais inovadoras, como fatores que condicionam o ganho de eficiência destas (OSS) frente às unidades da administração direta (AD). A abordagem adotada foi a do estudo comparativo, que propõe estabelecer possibilidades de, a partir da confrontação entre duas unidades (HOSS e HAD), identificar os elementos capazes de explicar esta diferença de desempenho entre os dois modelos de gestão. A investigação aponta para a influência positiva da autonomia administrativa e financeira, da direcionalidade imprimida aos processos de trabalho pelas metas estabelecidas no contrato de gestão e de tecnologias gerenciais inovadoras com uso intensivo da informação como base para a tomada de decisão. Este resultado, longe de indicar a completa conversão da AD para a publicização por meio do modelo OSS, aponta para as possibilidades e limites de desenvolvimento da AD, pela incorporação de tecnologias gerenciais implementadas no âmbito das OSS.

This work has as objective to analyze the implementation process of the Health Social Organizations (OSS), in the State of São Paulo, focusing the role played by factors as administrative and financial autonomy, direction proposed by the Management Contract and the use of instruments and innovative management practices, as factors that give condition to the gain of efficiency of these OSS facing the Direct Administration units (AD). The adopted approach was the Comparative Study, which proposes the establishment of possibilities, from the confrontation between two units (HOSS and HAD), to identify the elements capable of explaining this difference of performance between the two models of management. The research points to the positive influence of the administrative and financial autonomy, to the direction given to the work processes by goals setting in the Management Contract and innovative management technologies with the intensive use of the information as base for taking decisions. This result, far from indicating the complete conversion of AD to the publicizing by the OSS model, points to the possibilities and limits of development of AD, by the incorporation of management technologies in the OSS environment.

Pathology Teaching for the Undergraduate Students in Korean Medical Schools: Current Debates and Future Program Design

This article aimed to summarize the current critiques or debates on the pathology teaching for the undergraduate medical students in Korean medical schools and to rationalize the curricular approaches for renovation and instructional strategies which are under the hot discussion. Of 41 medical schools in Korea, most pathology programs have been criticized along the line of their traditional discipline-oriented, teacher-centered curriculum and morphologydirected instruction by their limited emphasis of developing either the reasoning abilities or the effort for the systematic understanding of disease mechanism, while any measures of compensatory strategies against the declining participation to the autopsy remain unqualified. The formal instruction of the pathology course was also under the strong debates in regard to the driving effort in teaching every corners of the textbook contents aside from the overemphasis of rather monotonous and less dynamic microscopic observation equipped with the sketch-based laboratory works. Also, student's loss of interest on pathology and other concerns neglected during the undergraduate pathology course was discussed. The author stressed the leadership of the pathology course among other biomedical disciplines especially in development of the appropriate educational curricula such as the horizontal vs. vertical integrated teachinglearning process and tutorials. Alternative emphasis was made on more experimental experiences as a part of upgrading the reasoning power together with the simulated case studies prior to the senior class to meet the school objectives.

Clinical application of practical newtype endemic area crash truck / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To improve the quality of first aid,raise the working efficiency of nurses,make the management of endemic area crash truck more standard,scientific and simple and provide swift medical care to patients in emergency.Methods An endemic area crash truck is developed in accordance with the rule and regime of first aid item.Results Endemic area crash truck was given a national practical newtype patent and was carried out in hospitals.Conclusion Endemic area crash truck has a reasonable construction and can be locked by one time lock.It greatly shorten the time for handing over and counting by nurses,which elevates the efficiency of nurses and guarantee the management quality of first aid item.