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BACKGROUND The five BRICS (Brazil, Russian, Indian, China, and South Africa) countries bear 49% of the world's tuberculosis (TB) burden and they are committed to ending tuberculosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this paper is to map the scientific landscape related to TB research in BRICS countries. METHODS Were combined bibliometrics and social network analysis techniques to map the scientific publications related to TB produced by the BRICS. Was made a descriptive statistical data covering the full period of analysis (1993-2016) and the research networks were made for 2007-2016 (8,366 records). The bubble charts were generated by VantagePoint and the networks by the Gephi 0.9.1 software (Gephi Consortium 2010) from co-occurrence matrices produced in VantagePoint. The Fruchterman-Reingold algorithm provided the networks' layout. FINDINGS During the period 1993-2016, there were 38,315 peer-reviewed, among them, there were 11,018 (28.7%) articles related by one or more authors in a BRICS: India 38.7%; China 23.8%; South Africa 21.1%; Brazil 13.0%; and Russia 4.5% (The total was greater than 100% because our criterion was all papers with at least one author in a BRICS). Among the BRICS, there was greater interaction between India and South Africa and organisations in India and China had the highest productivity; however, South African organisations had more interaction with countries outside the BRICS. Publications by and about BRICS generally covered all research areas, especially those in India and China covered all research areas, although Brazil and South Africa prioritised infectious diseases, microbiology, and the respiratory system. MAIN CONCLUSIONS An overview of BRICS scientific publications and interactions highlighted the necessity to develop a BRICS TB research plan to increase efforts and funding to ensure that basic science research successfully translates into products and policies to help end the TB epidemic.
Subject(s)
Humans , Periodicals as Topic/statistics & numerical data , Tuberculosis , Bibliometrics , Publication Bias , Biomedical Research/statistics & numerical data , South Africa , Brazil , China , Russia , IndiaABSTRACT
Objective To summarize the experience of the clinical research network operation mechanism in typical countries,and provide reference for the construction of China's national clinical research network.Methods Literature research method and the inductive analysis method were used to analyze the information on official website and literature materials of the clinical research network in typical countries to summarize their characteristics and experience.Results The clinical research network in typical countries had developed an optimized and efficient operational mechanism,including the development of information platforms,development of tools and templates,streamlined review processes,implementation of membership systems,establishment of sharing mechanisms,and complementary models of clinical centers and research institutes,stable sources of funds,establishing reward and punishment mechanisms,etc.Conclusions China's national clinical research network is still at the initial stage,government should make full use of the information platform,strengthen human resource input,and accelerate the research and exploration of more innovative management mechanisms.
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Modelo do estudo: Estudo transversal nos 32 centros participantes da Rede Nacional de Pesquisa Clínica (RNPC). Objetivos: Desenvolver e validar um questionário eletrônico capaz de medir o desempenho dos centros participantes da RNPC em uma auditoria de qualidade baseada nas Boas Práticas Clínicas (BPC). Avaliar a correlação do instrumento com o guia de inspeção em BPC disposto na Instrução Normativa nº 4, de 11/05/09 da ANVISA (IN4/ANVISA) e verificar, por meio do questionário desenvolvido, o desempenho dos centros participantes da RNPC, em relação ao atendimento a requisitos de um sistema de gestão da qualidade (SGQ). Métodos: Foi aplicado um questionário eletrônico, legitimado por uma validação de conteúdo. As questões foram agrupadas em três domínios, infraestrutura, estrutura organizacional e processos. Os dados foram pontuados de acordo com o cumprimento (1) ou não cumprimento (0) em BPC. As questões do questionário foram arbitrariamente correlacionadas aos itens da IN4, atribuído (0) ponto às questões conformes e (1) para não conforme. O índice de cumprimento para atendimento aos itens críticos e maiores (ICCM) foi calculado para cada domínio usando a equação ICCM = 1 * (Escore IN4) + valor total escore para dado domínio. As comparações foram feitas por teste de Kruskal-Wallis e teste de Spermann, considerando P valor < 0,05. Resultados: O instrumento representa aproximadamente 40% dos itens do roteiro de inspeção da IN4/ANVISA. A pontuação obtida com o questionário correlaciona-se significativamente ao escore correspondente à IN4/ANVISA (r=0,95, 0,89 a 0,98, IC95%, P<0.0001). A mediana do ICCM foi menor que 75% em todos os domínios estudados. Conclusões: O instrumento desenvolvido para medir o desempenho em BPC apresenta alta correlação com a IN4/ANVISA e poderia ser utilizado para auditoria interna de qualidade. A classificação para itens críticos e maiores definidas pela IN4/ANVISA mostrou-se muito restritiva e necessita ser adequada a realidade dos centros de pesquisa nacionais. (AU)
Study design: A transversal study that evaluated 32 Clinical research centers (CRC) of the National Clinical Research Network (Rede Nacional de Pesquisa Clínica/RNPC). Objectives: To develop and validate an electronic questionnaire to measure how CRC that are part of the RNPC performed in a quality audit based in Good Clinical Practice, to evaluate the correlation between our instrument and IN4/ANVISA guide and to access the quality of the CRC. Methods: An electronic questionnaire was applied and validated by contend valid index. The questions were divided into tree domains, infrastructure (I), organization structure (OS) and process (P). Data were scored according compliance (1) or non-compliance (0) with GCP. The questions of our questionnaires where arbitrary related to IN4/ANVISA guide and scored as non-conformity (1) or conformity (0). The indexes of compliance in critical and major items (ICCM) were calculated using the equation: ICCM = 1 * (IN4 score) + total score for the domain. The correlation of the two measurements above was done using Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman rank method, considering P <0.05. Results: The questionnaire represents about 40% of the IN$/ANVISA document. The score obtained with the questionnaire had a significant correlation to IN4/ ANVISA score (r=0.95, 0.89 to 0.98, CI95%, P<0.0001). The median ICCM was less than 75% for all domain studied. Conclusion: The instrument designed to measure performance GCP showed high correlation with IN4/ ANVISA guide and could be used to perform the internal quality audit of a CRC. The IN4/ANVISA guide showed to be very strict and might be necessary to review it and adequate to the reality of nationals centers. (AU)
Subject(s)
Total Quality Management , Academies and Institutes , BrazilABSTRACT
Diabetes has been an epidemic in China. Developing economic levels, changes in diet, increasing of obesity, aging, and other factors are thought to be the main contributors. In the new situation for preventing and managing diabetes, several key issues should be seriously considered. We need to carry out high quality multi-center clinical researches based on a well-established nationwide collaborative research network; to identify and validate novel, sensitive and reliable diabetes risk factors and predictors using the new data collection system, and the omics technology based on the large-scale prospective cohorts with a long-term follow up; to reclassify diabetes based on the molecular and functional annotation, and finally to in-depth understand and update the pathogenesis of the disease. Furthermore, using the artificial intelligence and other advanced technologies combined with big medical and research data, etc., we should build new types of diabetes prediction models and systems, as well as machine-assisted diagnosis and treatment systems. Finally, we should carry out translational researches, as well as to develop early detection technologies and clinical pathways suitable for all levels of medical institutions.
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Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a global health concern with an incidence rate of 50-60 per 100,000 person-years. To improve OHCA survival rates, several cardiac arrest registries have been set up in North America and Europe, such as the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium, Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival, Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support and European Registry of Cardiac Arrest. In Asia, however, there was previously no concerted effort in prehospital emergency care research owing to differences in prehospital emergency medical services systems, data collection methods and outcome reporting between countries. Recognising the need for a collaborative prehospital emergency care research group in Asia, researchers from seven countries in the Asia-Pacific region (including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates-Dubai, Singapore and Malaysia) established the Pan-Asian Resuscitation Outcomes Study (PAROS) clinical research network in 2010. This paper gives the overview, methodology and research accomplishments of the PAROS network.
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Since infectious diseases heed no national borders, international research collaboration across borders must be enhanced. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan launched the J-GRID program in the fiscal year (FY) 2005, which consists of the two elements; (1) the construction of collaboration centers in Asian and African countries on a reciprocal basis between a Japanese university/institution and an overseas partner university/institution and (2) the networking of those collaboration centers and setting up its headquarters at RIKEN. J-GRID initiated with 5 collaboration centers in 3 Asian countries has expanded to include 13 centers in 8 countries (6 in Asia and 2 in Africa). The aims of J-GRID include conducting high quality research on infectious diseases of regional and global importance, advancing relevant technologies and developing human resources in the field. In this way, J-GRID is expected to contribute to the public health of the host countries, Japan and the rest of the world. After the completion of the first start-up phase, Term I (2005–2009), J-GRID has stepped up its activity for the second step-up phase, Term II (2010–2014). While the first term was just like an incubation period, the second term should be the exponential growth phase, maximizing its research activities. Indeed, J-GRID is now generating remarkable research outcomes with an increasing number of publications. The mid-term evaluation made by the MEXT in FY2012 commended J-GRID as an ideal model to demonstrate Japan’s leadership, in science and technology, and strongly recommended its extension in years to come after Term II terminates in FY 2014.
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Since infectious diseases heed no national borders, international research collaboration across borders must be enhanced. The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan launched the J-GRID program in 2005, which consists of the two elements; (1) construction of collaboration centers in Asian and African countries on a reciprocal basis between a Japanese university/institution and a counterpart in the host country and (2) connecting those collaboration centers into a network and setting up its headquarters, CRNID. J-GRID initiated with 5 collaboration centers in 3 Asian countries has expanded to include 13 centers in 8 countries (6 in Asia and 2 in Africa). The aims of J-GRID include conducting high quality research on infectious diseases of regional and global importance, and advancing technologies and developing human resources in the field. In this way, J-GRID is expected to contribute to the public health of the host countries, our own country and the world. After the completion of the first start-up phase (2005–2009), J-GRID has stepped up its activity for the second phase (2010–2014). While the first phase was just like an incubation period, the second phase should be the exponential growth phase, maximizing its research activities. Indeed, J-GRID is now generating remarkable research outcomes with an increasing number of publications. The mid-term evaluation made by the MEXT in FY2012 commended J-GRID as an ideal model led by Japan, a world leader of science and technology, and highly recommended that the program be continued for years to come after 2014.
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Objective. To assess capacity and human resources in Latin America countries and compare with other countries. Material and Methods. Data were gathered through needs assessments that were conducted at the 2009 World Conference on Tobacco or Health, and the 2nd Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco-International American Heart Foundation, Latin America Tobacco Control Conference held in Mexico City in 2009. Results. In comparing Latin America respondents to respondents from other countries, we found that the average number of years in tobacco control was higher and the majority of respondents reported higher levels of educational attainment. Respondents reported lack of funding and other resources as their number one challenge, as well as, tobacco industry interference and lack of political will to implement tobacco control policies. Conclusions. In Latin America there are some countries that have made significant progress in building their capacity and human resources to address their tobacco epidemics, but much still needs to be done.
Objetivo. Realizar un diagnóstico sobre la capacitación y los recursos humanos en América Latina y comparar con otros países. Material y métodos. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de una encuesta realizada durante la Conferencia Mundial Tabaco o Salud de 2009 y la segunda Conferencia de Control del Tabaco para América Latina de la Sociedad de Investigación sobre Nicotina y Tabaco (Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco) y de la Fundación Interamericana del Corazón llevada a cabo en la ciudad de México en 2009. Resultados. Al comparar las respuestas de América Latina con las de otros países, observamos que el promedio de años trabajando en control del tabaco era mayor y que la mayoría reportó un mayor nivel de estudios. Los encuestados identificaron la falta de recursos y de financiamiento como su mayor desafío así como la interferencia de la industria y la falta de voluntad política para implementar políticas de control del tabaco. Conclusiones. Algunos países de América Latina han hecho enormes avances en cuanto a la capacitación de sus recursos humanos para afrontar la epidemia del tabaco, sin embargo, todavía queda mucho por hacer.