Factores de resiliencia y bienestar en familias colombianas / Resilience factors and familiar well-being in Colombian families

Resumen Las familias, en la actualidad, enfrentan nuevos retos y cambios que comprometen su capacidad de adaptación y su bienestar. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y comparar indicadores de resiliencia familiar y bienestar familiar de 442 familias colombianas ubicadas geográficamente en Bogotá (n = 196), Santa Marta (n = 81) y Cali-Palmira (n = 145). El diseño fue analítico transversal. Las familias diligenciaron el Índice Familiar de Regeneración y Adaptación (FIRA-G) para valorar la resiliencia y el Índice de Bienestar de los miembros de la Familia (FMWB). Los resultados demostraron relaciones significativas y positivas entre bienestar familiar y resiliencia familiar al igual que una relación inversa y significativa entre indicadores de resiliencia negativos como tensión, distrés y tensión familiar con indicadores positivos de resiliencia familiar tales como coherencia, fortaleza y apoyo social. La comparación entre ciudades evidenció divergencias entre las familias de Bogotá y Cali-Palmira, en los niveles de bienestar familiar, estresores familiares y apoyo de parientes y amigos. En el caso de la ciudad de Santa Marta se encuentran diferencias en los estresores familiares con Cali-Palmira y en apoyo social comunitario con Bogotá. La discusión se orienta a mostrar que la resiliencia familiar es resultado de la participación de varios elementos: los recursos familiares adaptativos positivos que le permiten a las familias reducir el estrés y enfrentar las demandas del ambiente, la presencia de los dos padres en familias sin indicadores clínicos que hace que la carga de estrés sea compartida -lo cual abona el terreno para la resiliencia familiar-, y el apoyo social manifestado en ayudas externas al núcleo familiar por parte de la comunidad, los parientes y los amigos.

Abstract Currently, modern families are coping with different stressful situations. The family studies are focused on the conceptual perspective, political perspective and methodological topic and they leave aside the familiar dynamics and functioning. This paper was interested in describing and comparing indicators of family resilience and family welfare of 442 Colombian families. This study had three hypotheses: The first one is focused on differences in well-being family dimension per location; the second hypothesis was focused on significant differences in family resilience per location, and the third one was interested in significant relations in family resilience and family well-being. The theoretical support to this research is the McCubbin and Patterson's resilience model called Double ABCX and Family Adaptation and Adjust Response Model by Patterson. The family well-being is considered a result of internal family functioning and is measured by the family member perception about the concern about health problems, fears, anger and sadness. Family resilience is understood as the capacity to recover from adversity. This capacity strengthens families and improves their resources. In this theoretic resilience approach the resilience is a dynamic result to the adaptation phase and the family well-being is the final adjustment. The design was cross-sectional analytical with a convenience sample. The families were interviewed in their homes, from each family both parents and a child between 9 and 17 years old participated. They are located geographically in Bogotá (n = 196), Santa Marta (n = 81) and Cali-Palmira (n = 145). Families completed the Family Member Well-being Index (FMWB) and the Family Regeneration and Adaptation Index (FIRA-G) to assess resilience. Families residing in Bogotá showed significant differences with those of Cali-Palmira in the dimension of family well-being, family stress and support from friends and family. While families located in Santa Marta showed differences with respect to the families located in Cali-Palmira in family stress and in community and social support. The father correlations between the family resilience index and the well-being family index is strong and inverse with the family stress and the family well-being summarized. The mother well-being family perception is significant associated with family resilience, and these correlations was strongest with family well-being summarized. The family stress index, strains and distress exposed moderate and inverse relations with the positive resilience family summarized. The discussion deals with family resilience as a product of the dynamic interaction in the hole family system and is oriented to the fact that the presence of support from family and friends reduces the burden of family stress, promotes support in the face of crisis and, in general, improves the well-being and family adaptation. In general, the differences reflect varied resilience trajectories that depend on the challenges posed by the close context of the city where they live. An approach to this result leads us to think as a hypothesis not yet widely explored, in the mobility factor of cities, which limits contact with close family networks. In big cities like Bogotá, its internal mobility compromises the times and spaces of daily life, and thus allows or prevents families from organizing their relationships in the different areas of their social life. Resilience occurs through positive adaptive family resources that included social support and family coherence and allow families to reduce stress and meet the demands of the environment. On the other hand, the presence of the two parents in families without clinical indicators shows that the burden of shared stress helps family resilience, which is also fed by the presence of external aids to the family nucleus, such as the support of the community, family and friends.

Avaliação de intervenção para promoção de resiliência em famílias de crianças com Síndrome de Down / Assessment of intervention to promote resilience in families of children with Down Syndrome / Evaluación de intervención para promoción de resiliencia en familias de niños con Síndrome de Down

Este estudo objetiva avaliar efeitos de uma intervenção que busca promover resiliência em oito famílias de crianças com síndrome de Down (SD) de até dois anos de idade. Classificou-se as famílias segundo arranjos e renda, distribuídas aleatoriamente nos grupos experimental e controle. Visitas domiciliares ocorreram no pré-teste, pós-teste e follow up, onde todos responderam ao questionário sociodemográfico e à entrevista acerca da resiliência familiar, além dos genitores responderem ao Inventário de Sintomas de Estresse de Lipp e ao Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Um diário de campo e entrevistas de avaliação para as famílias foram realizados durante a intervenção. Não foram obtidas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os valores da resiliência nas famílias nos diferentes momentos (p = 0,77). Entretanto, alguns membros percebem mudanças na família após participação no trabalho, como melhorias na comunicação e aquisição de conhecimentos sobre SD. Estudos com mais participantes e período de tempo prolongado são necessários.

This study aims to evaluate effects of an intervention to promote resilience in eight families of children with Down syndrome (DS) up to 2 years of age. These families were classified according to arrangements and income, then, they were randomly distributed into experimental and control groups. Home visits occurred in three steps: pre-test, post-test and follow up. All participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and a family resilience interview; in addition, parents responded to Lipp Stress Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. A field diary and an evaluation interview for the families were conducted during intervention. No statistically significant differences were found between family resilience values at different steps (p = 0,77). However, some participants perceive changes in their family after intervention, for example, improvements in communication and knowledge about DS. Studies with more participants and extended period of time are needed.

Este estudio objetivó evaluar los efectos de una intervención que busca promover la resiliencia en ocho familias de niños con síndrome de Down (SD) de hasta 2 años de edad. Las familias fueron clasificadas según su tipología y sus ingresos, distribuidas aleatoriamente en los grupos experimental y control. Las visitas domiciliarias fueron realizadas en tres momentos, donde todos respondieron a un cuestionario y a una entrevista sobre resiliencia familiar, además los progenitores respondieron a inventarios de estrés y depresión y entrevistas de evaluación de la intervención. Se utilizó un diario de campo. No se obtuvo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores de la resiliencia en las familias en los momentos (p = 0,77). Sin embargo, algunos miembros percibieron cambios después de participar en el estudio, como mejoras en la comunicación y adquisición de conocimientos sobre el SD. Son necesarias investigaciones con más participantes y un período de tiempo prolongado.

Panorama científico de la relación entre la violencia intrafamiliar y de género y la resiliencia familiar: posibilidades, retos y límites / Scientific Overview of the Relation between Domestic and Gender Violence and Family Resilience: Possibilities, Challenges and Limits

Resumen En el marco de la investigación titulada "Resiliencia en víctimas de violencia intrafamiliar y de género Fase 1", realizada por el programa de Psicología de la Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino (Bogotá, Colombia), se realizó una revisión de literatura, que describió el estado del arte de las investigaciones y estudios reflexivos publicados entre los años de 2015 y 2019 con respecto a la resiliencia familiar frente a la violencia intrafamiliar y de género (vifg). Se obtuvieron resultados preliminares de 3160 documentos, que fueron depurados a 74 artículos, que respondieron a criterios de inclusión como: Artículos Originales, de Reflexión, Revisión de literatura, Estudios Cualitativos, Cuantitativos o Mixtos publicados entre 2015 y 2019. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos: PubMed, Ebsco Host, Science Direct, Scopus, Psyinfo, sage, Sprinter, y Taylor & Francis. Se encontró una tendencia de estudios aplicados, cualitativos, descriptivos con población participante femenina, infantil y adolescente con reporte de violencia intrafamiliar, realizados en Estados Unidos, Reino Unido y Canadá. Sin embargo, se pudo observar que la literatura hace referencia indirecta a la resiliencia familiar, pues en mayor medida se refiere al afrontamiento, recuperación y factores protectores, como fenómenos de interés relacionados con la vifg. Se concluye que aún son pocos los estudios en los que se incluya explícitamente el fenómeno del género en la vif, que describen la emergencia de la resiliencia familiar y alternativas de intervención para su desarrollo.

Abstract In the frame of the first phase of the research titled "Resilience in Victims of Domestic and Gender Based Violence", carried out by the Psychology academic program at the Santo Tomas University (Bogota, Colombia), a literature review was carried out which described the State of the Art of studies published between 2015 and 2019 regarding Family Resilience against Domestic and Gender-based Violence. There were preliminary results gathered from 3160 documents, which were later reduced to 74 articles according to the following criteria: original articles, rational thinking, literature review, and qualitative data, quantitative data, or mixed methods research published between 2015 and 2019. The research was carried out using the following Databases: PubMed, Ebsco Host, Science Direct, Scopus, PsyINFO, sage, Sprinter, and Taylor & Francis. A particular trend has been identified as a result of the research, with a large set of studies using mostly applied, qualitative and descriptive data of female, child and teenager participants who have reported cases of domestic violence, conducted in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Canada. However, it was observed that the literature makes indirect reference to family resilience, since for the most part it refers to coping mechanisms, recovery, and protective factors as phenomena of interest related to Domestic and Gender-based Violence. It is concluded that there are still very few studies which, while describing the emergence of family resilience and intervention alternatives for its development, explicitly include a gender approach or gender-related elements in cases of domestic violence.

Resiliência familiar no tratamento de doenças crônicas em um hospital pediátrico: relato de três casos / Family resilience in the treatment of chronic diseases in a pediatric hospital: report of three cases

A experiência de um familiar doente constantemente abre espaço para que a capacidade de resiliência da família se ponha em prática. O processo de resiliência familiar se dá através de movimentos desempenhados pela família dentro do sistema de crenças familiares, padrões organizacionais e comunicação e resolução de problemas. Este artigo foi desenvolvido como trabalho curricular do curso de Psicologia, a partir de uma experiência de estágio em um hospital pediátrico. O estudo buscou, a partir do relato de três casos, relatar o processo de resiliência familiar de pais de crianças diagnosticadas com doença crônica internadas em um hospital pediátrico. Os dados dos pacientes e familiares foram coletados através dos seus prontuários eletrônicos e de suas fichas de atendimento do Serviço de Psicologia. Conclui-se que a resiliência familiar é elemento importante no enfrentamento deste contexto e seu modelo e abordagem são de grande importância para os profissionais da saúde.

The experience of a sick relative constantly open up space for the family's capacity for resilience to be put into practice. The process of family resilience occurs through family movements within the family belief system, organizational patterns, and communication and problem solving. This article was developed as a curricular work of the Psychology course, from an internship experience in a pediatric hospital. The study sought to report the family resilience process of parents of children diagnosed with chronic illness hospitalized in a pediatric hospital from the report of three cases. Patient and family data were collected through their electronic records and the Psychology Service's materials. It is concluded that family resilience is an important element in coping with this context and its model and approach are of great importance for health professionals.

Resiliência familiar: percepção de mães em situação de pobreza / Family resilience: the perception of mothers in poverty

O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender a percepção acerca da resiliência familiar sob o ponto de vista de mães em situação de pobreza. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em uma escola estadual, localizada na periferia da cidade de Belém do Pará. Participaram deste estudo 16 mães e/ou responsáveis por crianças de 1º ao 5º ano que responderam um instrumento sociodemográfico e participaram de uma entrevista coletiva utilizando a estratégia de Situações Estruturadas de Investigação (SEI). Os dados foram coletados e categorizados com base na análise de conteúdo e da literatura de resiliência familiar e para sua operacionalização contou-se com o auxílio do software Nvivo 10. Os dados mostraram que as famílias estão expostas a algumas situações ameaçadoras ao desenvolvimento, baixa escolaridade, baixa renda familiar, condições de moradia inadequadas, dentre outros. No entanto,apesar dos riscos associados à pobreza, observou-se fatores intrafamiliares protetivos, geradores de benefícios ao desenvolvimento humano dentre eles: visão otimista, espiritualidade, esperança, apoio social familiar e nos vizinhos, trabalho de equipe, apoio na resolução de conflitos, união familiar e recursos sociais e econômicos através de benefícios sociais como o bolsa família

This study aims to understand the familiar resilience perception of mothers living in poverty situation. The data collect phase took place in estate school localized in the outskirts of the city of Belém, estate of Pará, Brazil. Sixteen mothers and/or guardians responsible for children from first to fifth year answered a sociodemographic instrument and participated in a collective interview in which was applied the Structured Situation of Investigation (SSI).The data were categorized based in the content analyses and in the familiar resilience literature, being operationalized through the Nvivo 10 software. Theresults indicated that families are exposed to certain threatening situations tothe development such as low education level, low familiar income, inadequate housing conditions among others. However, despite the poverty associated risks, it was observed intrafamiliar protective factors that are beneficiary to the human development: optimistic perspective, spirituality, hope, social support from family and neighbors, team work, conflict resolution support, familiar union and socioeconomic resources obtained through social benefit's programas in the Bolsa Família

Family resources to face adversity of forced displacement in Colombia / Los recursos familiares para afrontar la adversidad del desplazamiento forzado

Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que se propuso analizar la emergencia de recursos familiares para afrontar la situación adversa del desplazamiento forzado, realizada en el departamento de Sucre, durante los años 2012 a 2014. Inicialmente, buscó determinar relaciones entre 'competencias parentales' y 'capacidades resilientes' en infantes. Posteriormente, se buscó comprender los recursos familiares que emergen en medio de la adversidad. Los resultados revelan correlaciones entre competencias parentales y capacidades resilientes de los infantes y la presencia de recursos familiares para manejar el riesgo del desplazamiento. Se configuró una metodología de carácter mixto, partiendo de un diseño correlacionai y luego se utilizaron las narrativas familiares desde el pensamiento hermenêutico de Paul Ricoeur. Se logró la conceptualización de algunos recursos familiares tales como: vínculos y redes y ocio compartido, los cuales fueron emergiendo de los datos empíricos, y pueden ser de utilidad para la puesta en acción de futuros modelos de intervención a familias en riesgo.

Abstract This article presents the results of a study that aimed to analyze the emergence of family resources to face the adverse situation of forced displacement, conducted in the department of Sucre, Colombia, during the years 2012-2014. Originally, it suggested to determine relationships between parenting skills and Infants Resilient Capacity. Subsequently, we sought to understand the family resources that emerge in the midst of adversity. The results reveal correlations between parental skills and infants resilient capabilities, and the presence of family resources to manage the risk of displacement. A methodology of mixed character was set, based on a correlation design, and then the family narratives were used from the hermeneutical thinking of Paul Ricoeur. We managed to conceptualize some family managed resources such as links and networks, and shared leisure, which emerged from empirical data and may be useful for setting in motion future models of intervention to families at risk.

A escola promotora de processos-chave de resiliência em famílias organizadas em modelos não convencionais / The school promotes resilience of key processes in families organized in unconventional models / La escuela promotora de procesos claves de resiliencia en famílias organizadas en modelo no convencionales

A família da pós-modernidade é permeada por diversas configurações familiares. No entanto, a escola continua a difundir um ideário de família distante dessa realidade. No presente trabalho, defende-se o contexto escolar como um contexto promotor da resiliência de instituições familiares que se organizam em modelos não convencionais. Toma-se a Ecologia do Desenvolvimento Humano como suporte para a compreensão do processo de formação social do sujeito mediante a interação do contexto familiar e escolar. Recorre-se aos estudos de resiliência familiar para estabelecer a relação positiva entre família e escola na promoção da resiliência de famílias não convencionais. Conclui-se que a escola necessita adotar estratégias que promovam os processos-chave da resiliência, mediante inclusão de todas as formas de família em seus ritos.

A family of postmodernity can be made up of a genus of people who give rise to countless family care. However, the school continues to spread an ideal of falmily that is too distant from reality. The present work argues that the school context is a context that promotes the resilience of family institutions organized in unconventional models. The Ecology of Human Development is taken as support tothe understanding of the student's social development process through the interaction of the family and school context, resorting to family resilience studies to establish a positive relationship between family and school in promoting the resilience of unconventional families. It concludes that the school needs to adopt strategies that promote the key processes of resilience, by incorporating all forms of family into their rites.

Una família en la pos modernidad puede ser constituida por distintas configuraciones. Sin embargo, la escuela sigue difundiéndo un ideario de família distinto de la realidad. En este trabajo, se defiende el contexto escolar como un marco promotor de la resiliencia de la instituiciones familiares que se organizan bajo modelos convencionales. Se toma La Ecología del Desarrollo Humano como soporte para la comprensión del proceso de desarrollo social del alumno a través de la interacción del contexto familiar y escolar. Se recurre a los estudios de la resiliencia familiar para establecer la relación positiva entre família y escuela en la promoción de la resiliencia de famílias no convencionales. Se concluye que una escuela necesita adoptar estrategias que promuevan los procesos clave de resiliencia, mediante la incorporación de todas las formas de família en sus ritos.

Residencia familiar, comprensión, campos de aplicación, aportes y desafíos / Family resilience: understanding, fields of application, contributions and challenges

Resumen Se realizó una revisión de literatura en la que se pretendió establecer el estado de la investigación y conceptualización del fenómeno de la resiliencia familiar y sus aportes entre los años 2010 y 2016. Se encontró que el estado de la investigación y conceptualización, si bien es aún incipiente, se observa una tendencia al aumento de trabajos de tipo empírico y teórico reflexivo, lo que implica una mayor relevancia frente a la investigación e intervención. Con respecto a las áreas de trabajo se observó la predominancia de: salud, neurociencias aplicadas y rehabilitación, social, comunitaria y de las organizaciones, seguidas por psicología clínica y prevención, psicología militar y en último lugar la educación, en su orden. Se concluyó que resulta imperante la continuidad en el desarrollo de estudios al respecto del tema y ampliar áreas de estudio como la psicología ambiental, política, de tránsito, de las organizaciones y el trabajo.

Abstract We conducted a literature review to establish the state of the art and conceptualization of family resilience between 2010 and 2016. Even if still incipient, there is an increase in both empirical and theoretical-reflective research, which involves a higher relevance in terms of research and intervention. Predominant research areas were: health, applied neuroscience and rehabilitation, social, community and organizational; followed by clinical psychology and prevention, military psychology, and education. Further research is definitely needed to continue expanding the literature and including areas such as environmental psychology, politics, mobility, organizations and work is also important.

Potenciación de la capacidad de resiliencia en familiares de niños con cáncer mediante un programa de intervención psicosocial / Strengthening of the resilience capacity in relatives of children with cancer by means of a psychosocial intervention program

Se diseñó una propuesta de intervención psicológica, desde abril hasta octubre de 2016, con vistas a desarrollar la capacidad de resiliencia en familias de niños con cáncer, ingresados en el Servicio Regional de Oncohematología del Hospital Docente Infantil Sur Dr Antonio María Béguez César, de Santiago de Cuba, a través de 9 sesiones grupales, para lo cual se utilizó la metodología cualitativa y el método de investigación-acción; asimismo, se analizaron los indicadores teóricos de desarrollo de la resiliencia familiar y sus índices de valoración. Dicha propuesta ayudará a la familia a enfrentar esta realidad y lograr finalmente un funcionamiento adecuado.

A proposal of psychological intervention was designed, from April to October, 2016, aimed at developing the resilience capacity in relatives of children with cancer, admitted to the Oncohematology Regional Service of Dr Antonio María Béguez Cesar Southern Children Teaching Hospital, in Santiago de Cuba, through 9 group sessions, for which the qualitative methodology and the investigation-action method were used; also, the theoretic indicators of the family resilience development and their indexes of valuation were analyzed. This proposal will help the family to face this reality and to achieve an appropriate performance.

Indicativos de resiliência familiar em famílias de crianças com síndrome de Down / Indicators of family resilience in families of children with Down syndrome

Este estudo objetiva caracterizar e analisar a resiliência familiar em famílias de crianças com síndrome de Down. Participaram cinco famílias compostas por pai, mãe e filhos, tendo um deles a síndrome. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Questionário de Caracterização do Sistema Familiar, o qual foi respondido pela mãe; o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping, o qual ambos os genitores responderam separadamente; e entrevistas com genitores e filhos com desenvolvimento típico. As famílias foram visitadas em três momentos. Os resultados indicam que diante de eventos ruins, principalmente, dos problemas de saúde relacionados à síndrome de Down, as famílias apresentam capacidade de extrair sentido da adversidade, bem como de se organizar de forma cooperativa, com diálogo e estreitamento dos vínculos. Em todas as famílias foram identificados indicativos de resiliência familiar. A estratégia de coping mais utilizada é a reavaliação positiva, enquanto a menos utilizada é fuga-esquiva.

This study aims to characterize and analyze family resilience in families of children with Down syndrome. Five families consisting of father, mother, and children, one child with Down syndrome, participated in this research. The instruments used were: the Characterization of Family System Questionnaire, which was answered by the mother; the Coping Strategies Inventory, which was responded by both parents separately; and interviews conducted with parents and typically developing children. The families were visited three times. Results indicate that in the face of bad events, mainly health problems related to Down syndrome, the families showed ability to make meaning or sense of adversity, and to organize themselves in a cooperative way with dialogue and closer ties. Family resilience was observed in all families investigated. The most frequently used coping strategy was positive reappraisal, while the less frequently used was escape-avoidance.

Resiliência familiar e desenvolvimento humano: análise da produção científica / Family resilience and human development: analysis on scientific production

Estudos sobre resiliência familiar têm aumentado nos últimos anos, mas ainda são escassos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um panorama geral a respeito da produção científica na área de resiliência familiar, tanto no âmbito nacional quanto internacional, a partir da análise dos resumos publicados entre 1990 e 2011, focalizando: assuntos investigados, tamanho da amostra, instrumentos/técnicas empregados para a coleta de dados. Realizou-se um levantamento nas bases de dados PsycInfo, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library e BVS-Psi, tendo sido identificadas 140 publicações, sendo 43% artigos de pesquisa, 29% artigos teóricos/revisão de literatura, 18% livros/capítulos de livros e 10% dissertações/teses. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de ampliar os estudos sobre resiliência familiar, utilizando maior número de participantes e instrumentos/técnicas combinados para a coleta de dados.

Studies on family resilience have increased in recent years, but they are still scarce. The main goal of this study is to present an overview of national and international scientific production in the area of family resilience by analyzing abstracts published between 1990 and 2011 according to the following criteria: research topics, sample size, instruments/techniques used for data collection. The databases PsycInfo, SpringerLink, Wiley Online Library and BVS-Psi were searched, and 140 publications were found, being 43% research articles, 29% theoretical papers/literature review, 18% books/book chapters and 10% theses/dissertations. The results suggest the need to expand the studies on family resilience, and to use a greater number of participants and of instruments/techniques combined for data collection.

De profesores, familias y estudiantes: fortalecimiento de la resiliencia en la escuela / On teachers, families and students: strenghtening resilience at school

Reportamos la investigación cualitativa, producto del trabajo con diecinuevemaestros y maestras de aulas de aceleración del aprendizaje, quienes participaron en seis talleres,entre febrero y junio de 2010, con el auspicio de la Fundación Corficolombiana Cali-Colombia. Nospropusimos, a partir de una indagación autoreflexiva, analizar y dar sentido a prácticas docentespara la construcción de ambientes resilientes y para la generación de nuevos materiales de apoyoútiles en el campo. Sistematizada y evaluada la experiencia, reconocimos la resiliencia del maestroo maestra como elemento esencial para potenciar la resiliencia de alumnos, alumnas y familias, y lautilidad del trabajo autoreferencial, teórico y práctico, que sugiere investigaciones futuras y pone derelieve el valor de todos los actores de la comunidad educativa.

Resiliencia familiar, depresión y ansiedad adolescentes en situación de pobreza / Family resilience, depression and anxiety in adolescents living in poverty

Resumen

Introducción: las estadísticas de depresión y ansiedad entre la población adolescente de nuestro país están relacionadas con las altas tasas de suicidio, razón por lo que es importante investigar sobre factores protectores y de riesgo como la resiliencia y la situación de pobreza.

Objetivo: determinar la correlación entre resiliencia familiar, depresión y ansiedad en adolescentes de nivel socioeconómico bajo.

Metodología: se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, en una muestra no probabilística de 100 adolecentes de ambos sexos, originarios del municipio de Chilmahuacán, Estado de México. Se aplicó un cuestionario de datos generales, el Inventario de Detección de Recursos Familiares, el Inventario de Depresión de Beck y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Hamilton. Obtenidos los cuestionarios se realizó la captura de los datos en el programa SPSS versión 19. Para determinar la correlación se calculó el coeficiente de correlación lineal r de Pearson.

Resultados: se encontró correlación significativa negativa entre resiliencia, depresión y ansiedad, y correlación significativa positiva entre depresión y ansiedad. La puntuación de resiliencia familiar, depresión y ansiedad, mostraron una diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: la resiliencia puede ser un factor de protección para los adolescentes en situación de pobreza; mediante este proceso se puede disminuir la ansiedad y la depresión.

Abstract

Introduction: Statistics on depression and anxiety among adolescent population of México are associated with high suicide rates, that is why it is very important to research on protective and risk factors such as resilience and poverty.

Objective: To determine whether a correlation exists among family resilience, depression and anxiety in a sample of 100 adolescents of low socioeconomic status.

Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted a in a nonrandom sample of 100 adolescents of both sexes, from Chilmahuacán town in the State of México. A questionnaire on general information was applied as well as the Screening Inventory of Family Resources, the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Anxiety Inventory. Derived from the questionnaires data capture was conducted in SPSS version 19. To determine the correlation, Pearson's linear r correlation coefficient was calculated.

Results: The results showed a significant negative correlation among resilience, depression and anxiety and a significant positive correlation between depression and anxiety. We also found a significant difference between men and women regarding their ratings of family resilience, depression and anxiety.

Conclusions: Resilience can be a protective factor for adolescents in poverty, as it can help reduce levels of anxiety and depression.

Evaluación psicológica de la familia con un bebé en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatológicos (UCIN): construcción de un inventario para evaluar el Potencial Resiliente Familiar (IPRF) / Psychological assessment of a family with a newborn child in the Neonatology Intensive Care Unit: design of an inventory to assess the Resilient Potential Of The Family (RPFI)

Importantes aportes de instrumental evaluativo comienzan a realizarse desde la Psicología Positiva que se destaca por su interés en nuevas variables de estudio como la Resiliencia Familiar. Al mismo tiempo, diversas investigaciones corroboran la importancia que tiene el funcionamiento familiar como apoyo y sostén para los padres que atraviesan la internación de un bebé en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatológicos (UCIN). En este trabajo se presentan los primeros avances en el proceso de construcción y validación de un Inventario para evaluar el Potencial Resiliente de la Familia que atraviesa esta problemática. Los postulados de F. Walsh (1996, 2004) brindan fundamento teórico a esta prueba que analiza los Sistemas de Creencias Familiares, los Patrones Organizacionales Familiares y la Comunicación Familiar que permiten analizar. Los resultados obtenidos en un trabajo de campo preliminar permitieron arribar a una versión definitiva tras un análisis de discriminación de los ítems que permitió su depuración. En esta etapa se encuentra en curso el estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de esta versión final en una muestra amplia y representativa.

Important contributions of assessment instruments coming from Positive Psychology are being published. Interest is shown in new constructs like Family Resilience. At the same time, different researches confirm the importance of the family functioning as support and holding for parents with a preterm newborn child in a Neonatology Intensive Care Unit (NICU)This study presents preliminary analysis of the design and validation process of an Inventory for Family Potential Resilience. F. Walsh (1996, 2004) theoretical approach is taken as conceptual framework for three dimensions Family Believes Systems, Family Organizational Patterns and Family Comunication which allows a deep analysis of Family Potential Resilience. Results obtained from a preliminary pilot study allowed us to analyze item discrimination and to obtain the final version of instrument. At this stage, psychometric properties of final inventory are examined in a bigger sample of representative participants.

La familia contemporánea: relatos de resiliencia y salud mental / The Contemporary Family: Accounts of Resilience and Mental Health

Objetivo: Acercarse al problema de la promoción de la salud mental en la experiencia familiar. Método: Se parte de la concepción clásica de familia, donde aparece como central la noción de estructura, representada por los conceptos de tipología y funcionamiento familiar. Se propone ampliar la idea de familia a la luz de los cambios que ha experimentado y de los planteamientos provenientes de la posmodernidad. Se postulan tres hipótesis que guían el abordaje al problema estudiado. Conclusiones: Se critica el sustrato estructural en la concepción de familia y se propone que esta sea pensada como confi guración. Al mismo tiempo, se asimila la confi guración familiar con el concepto de resiliencia familiar y se postula que en esto radican las posibilidades de promoción de la salud mental no sólo para la familia, sino para los sujetos que la componen...

Objectives: To study the promotion of mental health at the family core. Methods: The starting point is the classical conception of family, in which the notion of structure plays a central role and it is represented by the concepts of typology and family functioning. We suggest that the concept of family should be extended in the light of the changes it has undergone and of several post-modern approaches. Five hypotheses were postulated to guide the proposed approach. Conclusions: The structural substrate in the conception of family is criticized. Instead, we propose that the family should be thought of as a configuration, which is in turn assimilated to family resilience. We postulate that it is this assimilation which offers the possibilities for mental health promotion for both the family and each one of its members...