ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the characteristics of respiratory parameters in patients with different body mass index during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation. Methods 102 patients scheduled for otitis me-dia surgery were divided into low weight group(B1,n=32),normal weight group(B2,n=36)and overweight or obese group(B3,n = 34 ). After general anesthesia with tracheal intubation,the tidal volume of anesthetic ma-chine wasadjusted to maintain the end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure between 35 - 45 mmHg. At 10 min (T1),30min(T2)and 60 min(T3)after adjustment,arterial PH,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),arte-rial carbon dioxide pressure(PaCO2),inspiratory tidal volume(VTi),expiratory tidal volume(VTe),end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure(PETCO2),peak airway pressure(Ppeak),plateau airway pressure(Pplat)and dy-namic lung compliance(Cdyn)were recorded. Results PH and PaO2 were not significantly different at T1-3 among the three groups(P>0.05). As compared with group B1 and B2,PaCO2 was lower in group B3. In comparison with group B2,VTi,VTe and Cdyn were higher in group B1 and lower in group B3(P < 0.05). Ppeak and Pplat were lower in group B1 but higher in group B3(P<0.05). PETCO2 was higher in group B1(P>0.05)while lower in group B3 (P < 0.05). Conclusions With the increase in BMI during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation ,the VTi,VTe,Cdyn,PETCO2 and PaCO2 decrease significantly,but Ppeak and Pplat elevate markedly. BMI is a refer-ence index for setting respiratory parameters.
ABSTRACT
Background: The incidence of diabetes mellitus is increasing every year throughout the world. Yogic exercises with diet therapy can be an easy way of management of diabetes to maintain blood sugar level and prevent various degenerative changes in different systems to remain healthy. Methods: Fifty two known chronic type 2 diabetic patients were managed through yogic exercises and diet therapy for 150 days. Physiological parameters were studied in all subjects. Results: Diastolic blood pressure, positive breath holding time, pain threshold and tactile discrimination showed changes within 15 to 30 days of regime. There was reduction in body weight and respiratory rate. The rise was observed in 40 mm of mercury endurance test and positive breath holding time. Both pain threshold and tactile discrimination showed increase of sensitivities. Conclusion: Improved physiological parameters indicate that yogic exercise, meditation and diet control regularly can manage type 2 diabetes in a natural way avoiding the side effects of oral hypoglycemic medications. Patients should continue the therapy to control the disease life time for better health without oral hypoglycemic medication.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the best combination of respiratory parameters that can maintain good ventilation with a low airway pressure under general anesthesia and CO2 pneumoperitoneum (12 mm Hg) during laparoscopy, which is important for lung protections. Methods Basic respiratory parameters of anesthesia machine, respiratory frequency (f), tidal volume (VT), and respiration ratio (I∶E), were used as three factors A, B, and C. The there levels were set as f=15, 12, and 9 bpm; VT =8, 10, and 12 ml/kg body weight; and I∶E =1∶2.5, 1∶2.0, and 1∶1.5. L9(34) K=3 was adopted for repeated orthogonal experimental design. The effect of different combinations of respiratory parameters on peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), mean airway pressure (Pmean),and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PETCO2), were analyzed statistically. Results During the laparoscopy, the vital signs of 27 patients were stable under general anesthesia with 9 combinations of the respiratory parameters, the SpO2 was maintained at 100%, and the PEEP was kept at 1 hPa. The effect of the three levels of VT (factor B) on PIP was not significant (P=0.074). While the effects of f (factor A) on PETCO2 and I∶E on Pmean were significantly different among the three levels (P=0.002 and P=0.017, respectively). Conclusion The best combination of three factors-levels respiratory parameters is not small tidal volume with fast frequency or large tidal volume with slow frequency, but is A2B2C2 (f=12 bpm, VT=10 ml/kg body weight, and I∶E=1∶2.0).
ABSTRACT
The effect of thyroidectomy (Tx) and subsequent treatment with triiodothyronine (T3) on rat kidney mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation was examined. Thyroidectomy resulted in lowering of state 3 respiration rates and cytochrome contents. Thyroidectomized animals administered with T3 (20 μg/100 g body wt) resulted in the nonsynchronous stimulation of state 3 respiration rates in kidney mitochondria with glutamate, β-hydroxybutyrate, succinate and ascorbate+TMPD as substrates. Cytochrome contents were also elevated differentially. Increase in the state 4 respiration rates was transient and reversible. However, primary dehydrogenases were not generally altered in the Tx and T3- treated Tx animals. The results thus indicate that the T3-treatment to Tx animals brings about differential and nonsynchronous increase in the respiratory parameters and respiratory chain components of kidney mitochondria.