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Objective:To explore the relationship between serum retinol binding protein(RBP)and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and possible underlying metabolic mechanisms.Methods:A total of 3384 elderly T2DM patients hospitalized and with complete clinical records at the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University between January 2003 and December 2012 were recruited in this retrospective study.Patients were divided into four groups according to the quartiles of serum RBP levels: the first quartile of serum RBP levels(<35 mg/L, 844 cases), the second quartile of serum RBP levels(35 mg/L≤ RBP ≤41 mg/L, 773 cases), the third quartile of serum RBP levels(42 mg/L≤ RBP ≤51 mg/L, 902 cases), and the fourth quartile of serum RBP levels(RBP>51 mg/L, 865 cases). Clinical data and laboratory test results were collected.Differences in the prevalence of MAFLD were compared between the four groups.The association between RBP and MAFLD was analyzed via binary logistic regression.Results:After adjusting for age and sex, the proportion of obesity( χ2=15.222, P<0.01), the percentage using lipid-lowering drugs( χ2=88.552, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure( F=12.002, P<0.01), diastolic blood pressure( F=6.872, P<0.01), waist circumference( F=9.563, P<0.01), waist-hip ratio( F=7.972, P<0.01), body mass index( F=9.057, P<0.01), serum creatinine( χ2=185.445, P<0.01), serum uric acid( χ2=314.691, P<0.01), 24-hour urinary albumin( χ2=91.012, P<0.01), alanine aminotransferase( χ2=17.049, P=0.003), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase( χ2=50.514, P<0.01), total cholesterol( F=45.669, P<0.01), triglycerides( χ2=361.269, P<0.01), low-density lipoprotein( F=8.772, P<0.01), fasting C-peptide( χ2=165.756, P<0.01), 2h postprandial C-peptide( χ2=120.690, P<0.01), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA2-IR)( χ2=148.884, P<0.01)in elderly patients with T2DM all showed a clear upward trend.The prevalence of MAFLD also gradually increased across the quartiles of serum RBP levels[26.5%(224/844), 30.1%(233/773), 36.6%(330/902), and 41.8%(362/865)], respectively( χ2=52.526, P<0.01). Elderly T2DM patients with MAFLD had a significantly higher value of HOMA2-IR than those without MAFLD[2.0(1.31-2.8) vs.1.39(0.86-2.06), F=220.826, P<0.01]. After correcting for other confounding factors, binary logistic regression showed that serum RBP was strongly associated with the presence of MAFLD in elderly patients with T2DM( β=0.209, 95% CI: 1.079-1.408, OR=1.232, χ2=9.441, P<0.01). Conclusions:Elevated serum RBP levels are an independent risk factor for the development of MAFLD in elderly T2DM patients, possibly through increased insulin resistance induced by RBP.
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Objective:To construct a prokaryotic expression vector for human retinol binding protein 4 (hRBP4) that allows technicians to obtain hRBP4 purified protein with low cost, high efficiency, high concentration and high purity.Methods:The hRBP4 coding sequence provided by National Center for Biotechnology Information was optimized by E. coli codons, and a synthetic DNA fragment was cloned into the PET-28A (+) prokaryotic expression vector to construct a recombinant hRBP4 expression plasmid. The recombinant protein was transformed into E. coli BL21, and the induced expression conditions (temperature, rotate speed and isopropyl β-d-thiogalactoside concentration) were optimized. The recombinant protein was purified by His fusion tag. Results:The recombinant hRBP4 prokaryotic expression plasmid was successfully constructed, and the expression concentration and induction temperature of the recombinant protein were optimized. The results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that a band with a relative molecular weight of 26 000 daltons was clearly visible in the purified product. The purified hRBP4 protein could be detected clinically, and there was a good linear relationship between the dilution ratio and the detection concentration.Conclusions:The recombinant hRBP4 protein has high purity, high concentration, and short production cycle. It has the potential to become a candidate for reference materials for laboratory quality evaluations.
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investigate the clinical diagnosis value of serum precalcitonin(PCT) and early predictive significance of prealbumin (PA) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in liver and renal injury for sepsis in children. Methods One hundred and fifty sepsis children were enrolled from the ward of children in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2018 to August 2019. In the same period 150 children with common infection and 150 healthy children who underwent physical examination were included into the study. According to the test, basic data was collected, and biochemical examinations, including the concentrations of the liver function, renal function, PA and RBP were measured. Then the data in the three groups was analyzed. Results The levels of PCT in sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the common infection group and the normal group:(7.02 ± 5.26) μg/L vs. (0.37 ± 0.28), (0.03 ± 0.01) μg/L; the levels of PA and RBP in sepsis group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups: (9.31 ± 4.36) mg/dl vs. (31.05 ± 5.05), (33.56 ± 4.59) mg/dl; (9.26 ± 3.58) mg/L vs. (31.2 ± 5.89), (33.83 ± 6.31) mg/L, and there were significant statistical differences (P<0.05). The levels of PA and RBP in the common infection group and the normal group were normal and there was no difference between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant statistical differences in other indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, asparagus cochinchinensis, albumin, urea nitrogen and creatinine (P>0.05). Conclusions Combined detection of serum PCT, PA and RBP plays an important role in the early diagnosis of children′s sepsis.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical diagnosis value of serum precalcitonin(PCT) and early predictive significance of prealbumin (PA) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) in liver and renal injury for sepsis in children.@*Methods@#One hundred and fifty sepsis children were enrolled from the ward of children in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province from January 2018 to August 2019. In the same period 150 children with common infection and 150 healthy children who underwent physical examination were included into the study. According to the test, basic data was collected, and biochemical examinations, including the concentrations of the liver function, renal function, PA and RBP were measured. Then the data in the three groups was analyzed.@*Results@#The levels of PCT in sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the common infection group and the normal group: (7.02 ± 5.26) μg/L vs. (0.37 ± 0.28), (0.03 ± 0.01) μg/L; the levels of PA and RBP in sepsis group were significantly lower than those of the other two groups: (9.31 ± 4.36) mg/dl vs. (31.05 ± 5.05), (33.56 ± 4.59) mg/dl; (9.26 ± 3.58) mg/L vs. (31.2 ± 5.89), (33.83 ± 6.31) mg/L, and there were significant statistical differences (P < 0.05). The levels of PA and RBP in the common infection group and the normal group were normal and there was no difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant statistical differences in other indicators such as alanine aminotransferase, asparagus cochinchinensis, albumin, urea nitrogen and creatinine (P > 0.05).@*Conclusions@#Combined detection of serum PCT, PA and RBP plays an important role in the early diagnosis of children′s sepsis.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) level and stroke severity and short-term outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods From January 2017 to December 2017,patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the Department of Neurobgy,the Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University and who did not receive thrombolytic or endovascular treatment were enrolled retrospectively within 2 weeks of onset.The serum RBP4 levels were measured within 24 h of admission and the demographics and baseline clinical data of the patients were documented.On the day of admission,the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess the degree of neurological deficit;≤8 was defined as mild stroke and ＞8 was defined as moderate to severe stroke.The modified Rankin scale was used to assess the short-term outcomes at the time of discharge or 14 days after onset;0 to 2 were defined as good outcomes,and ＞ 2 was defined as poor outcome.Results A total of 235 patients were enrolled,including 101 females (43％) and 134 males (57％);aged (66.8 ± 1.7) years (range 28-93 years).There were 200 mild strokes (85.1％) and 35 moderate to severe strokes (14.9％);171 (72.8％) had good outcomes and 64 (27.2％) had poor outcomes.Univariate analysis showed that the serum RBP4 level in the moderate to severe stroke group was significantly lower than that in the mild stroke group (29.28 ± 10.43 mg/L vs.36.88 ± 10.61 mg/L;t =3.920,P ＜ 0.001),and the RBP4 level in the poor outcome group was significantly lower than that in the good outcome group (32.03 ± 11.33 mg/L vs.37.14± 10.44 mg/L;t=3.264,P=0.001).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the high serum RBP4 level was independently correlated with the milder stroke severity (odds ratio 0.917,95％ confidence interval 0.874-0.962;P ＜0.001) and short-term poor outcome (odds ratio 0.955,95％ confidence interval 0.927-0.983;P =0.002).Conclusion In patients with high serum RBP4 levels,acute ischemic stroke is less severe and better in short-term outcomes.
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PURPOSE: Feeding children is a problem in pediatric intensive care units (PICU) and it is difficult to know the correct amount. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if prealbumin or retinol binding proteins (RBP) are effective relative to daily enteral nutrition, without being affected by severity of diseases or infections and can be used to follow up nutritional amount. METHODS: This is a prospective observational study that includes 81 patients admitted to PICU in Akdeniz University with estimated duration >72 hours, age between 1 month and 8 years. Daily calorie and protein intake were calculated and prealbumin, RBP and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were measured on the first, third, fifth and seventh mornings. RESULTS: We find moderate correlation between daily calorie intake and prealbumin levels (r=0.432, p < 0.001), RBP levels and daily protein intake (r=0.330, p < 0.001). When we investigated the relationship between changes of prealbumin, RBP, CRP, calorie and protein intake during intensive care stay, we found that increase of Prealbumin and RBP levels are explained by decrease of CRP levels (r=−0.546 and −0.645, p < 0.001) and not with increase of nourishment. CONCLUSION: Even adjusted for PRISM3, age and CRP, prealbumin and RBP are correlated with last 24 hours' diet. However, it is not convenient to use as a follow up biomarker because increase of their levels is related with decrease of CRP levels.
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Child , Humans , C-Reactive Protein , Critical Care , Critical Illness , Diet , Enteral Nutrition , Follow-Up Studies , Intensive Care Units , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Nutritional Status , Observational Study , Prealbumin , Prospective Studies , Retinol-Binding Proteins , Vitamin AABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the changes of serum retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) concentration in peripheral blood of normal gravidas at different stages during pregancy and the differential expression of serum RBP4 in gravidas with fetal growth restriction (FGR) in second trimester.Methods This study enrolled 80 gravidas who received routine prenatal examination and delivered in the Beijing Luhe Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2014 to January 2015,Forty gravidas were classified to FGR group as the birth weight of their fetuses was below two standard deviations or below the 10th percentile for the corresponding gestationas and same sex,or less than 2 500 g after 37 weeks.The other 40 gravidas who delivered newborns with normal birth weight (2 500 g ＜ birth weight ＜ 4 000 g) were used as control group.Levels of serum RBP4,plasma albumin,fasting blood glucose,triglyceride,total cholesterol,low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),hemoglobin,fasting insulin and vitamin A were determined before pregnancy and at 12-16,20-24,28-32 and 36-40 weeks of gestation.Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated.Independent sample t test or analysis of variance,Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used for statistical analysis.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between peripheral blood RBP4 level and neonatal birth weight at 20-24 weeks.Results (1) Serum RBP4 levels in normal gravidas were (24.65± 10.02),(29.86±23.40),(56.10± 12.28),(65.80±20.56) and (53.71 ±24.17) μg/ml before pregnancy and at 12-16,20-24,28-32 and 36-40 weeks of gestation,respectively,showing a gradually increasing trend with gestational week until a peak at 28-32 weeks and then followed by a decrease (F=14.173,P＜0.001).(2) The body mass index and placental weight of gravidas in FGR group were lower than those in control group [20.7±3.3 vs 22.9±2.1,(401.3±56.2) vs (501.3±64.7) g;t=22.590 and 2.487,both P＜0.05].(3) The fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,HOMA-IR,RBP4 and plasma albumin in FGR group were lower than those in control group [(4.06± 0.4) vs (4.38 ± 0.4) mmol/L,(21.84± 15.2) vs (31.76 ± 1.5) μ U/ml,0.5 ± 0.2 vs 0.7±0.2,(41.78± 12.8) vs (65.80±20.5) μg/ml,(35.1 ±2.7) vs (36.5±2.3) g/L;t=3.419,2.355,3.419,6.263 and 2.462,all P＜0.05].Maternal serum RBP-4 at 20-24 weeks of normal gravidas and FGR gravidas were positively correlated with the birth weight of newborns (r=0.717 and 0.748,both P＜0.05).Conclusions Serum RBP4 of gravidas may be associated with the occurrence of FGR.
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Objective To investigate the reference interval of neonatal nutrition assessment biochemical factor,including total protein (TP),serum albumin (ALB),serum prealbumin (PA) and serum retinol binding protein (RBP).Methods From December 2016 to August 2017,403 serum specimens were collected from health neonates in Hunan Children's Hospital and the serum concentration of TP,ALB,RBP and PA was detected.The results of each item were grouped according to sex and age,and then the reference interval of each item was established.Results When data was separated by gender of each item,there was no statistical significance between each group of each item (P ＞ 0.05).For the TP,ALB and RBP,separating the data of each item by weeks,there were also no statistical significance between each group (P ＞ 0.05).But there was statistical difference between one week old group and the rest groups in the data of PA (P ＜ 0.05).The normal reference interval of neonatal serum total protein,albumin,retinol binding protein and pre-albumin are as follow:(40.69-65.72) g/L,(28.77-42.3) g/L,(12.13-33.19) mg/L,(42.26-161.52) mg/L (no more than 7 days old) and (59.05-170.23) mg/L (range from 8 to 28 days old).Conclusions We can establish the reference interval of TP,ALB and RBP without differentiating gender and weeks.But for the PA,the reference interval of one-week-old neonate needs to differentiate from other neonates.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammation, in which macrophages play an important role in the maintenance of inflammation by producing pre-inflammatory and inflammatory substances such as retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), which acts as a trigger for adipose tissue inflammation and associated with obesity co-morbidities. Objective: This study evaluated the serum concentration of RBP4 and biomarkers of insulin resistance (IR) in young adult patients with normal weight, overweight and obese. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted involving 149 subjects: 54 healthy individuals (32 women and 22 men), 27 overweight (17 women and 10 men) and 68 obese (41 women and 27 men). The anthropometric measures and the concentrations of RBP4, insulin, HbA1c and glucose were determined, in addition to the calculations for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and insulin sensitivity (IS). Results: overweight and obese patients showed significantly higher levels of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, and HOMA-IR (p < 0.0001), and decreased IS (p > 0.0001) when compared with the normal weight group. There was an increase in RBP4 proportional to the increase in body mass index (BMI); the obese group showed significantly higher levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that RBP4 may play a key role in the development of inflammation and IR in young obese individuals, as it may promote significant disturbances in insulin metabolism and may contribute to the development of obesity-related co-morbidities. This parameter can represent a hope in the identification of new inflammatory and IR markers to assist in the diagnosis and follow-up of overweight and obese patients.
RESUMO Introdução: Na obesidade, ocorre inflamação crônica de baixo grau, na qual os macrófagos desempenham um papel importante na manutenção desta inflamação por produzirem sustâncias pré-inflamatórias e inflamatórias, como a proteína transportadora de retinol (RBP4), que funciona como gatilho para a inflamação do tecido adiposo, aliando-se a comorbidades da obesidade. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou a concentração sérica de RBP4 e biomarcadores de resistência insulínica (RI) em pacientes adultos jovens, com peso normal, sobrepeso e obesos. Métodos: Foi conduzido um estudo transversal que envolveu 149 indivíduos: 54 saudáveis (32 mulheres e 22 homens), 27 com sobrepeso (17 mulheres e 10 homens) e 68 obesos (41 mulheres e 27 homens). As medidas antropométricas e as concentrações de RBP4, insulina, HbA1c e glicose foram determinadas, além dos cálculos do modelo de avaliação da homeostase da resistência à insulina (HOMA-IR) e da sensibilidade insulínica (SI). Resultados: Pacientes obesos e com sobrepeso mostraram níveis significativos maiores de glicose, HbA1c, insulina e HOMA-IR (p > 0,0001) e diminuição da SI (p > 0,0001), quando comparados com o grupo de peso normal. Observou-se um aumento de RBP4 proporcional ao aumento do índice de massa corporal (IMC); o grupo obeso apresentou níveis significativamente superiores (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Este estudo sugere que a RBP4 pode ter papel-chave no desenvolvimento da inflamação e da RI em obesos jovens, uma vez que pode promover perturbações significativas no metabolismo da insulina, além de contribuir para o desenvolvimento de comorbidades relacionadas com obesidade. Este parâmetro pode representar uma esperança na identificação de novos marcadores inflamatórios e de RI que auxiliem o diagnóstico e o acompanhamento de pacientes com sobrepeso e obesos.
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Objective:To study therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide combined valsartan on aged patients with essential hypertension (EH),and its influence on cardiac function,serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin).Methods:A total of 148 aged EH patients treated in our hospital from Dec 2014 to Dec 2015 were selected.According to random number table,patients were randomly and equally divided into valsartan group and combined treatment group (received hydrochlorothiazide therapy based on valsartan group).Blood pressure,left ventricular mass (LVM),left ventricular mass index (LV-MI),serum RBP4 and Vaspin levels before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Results:Com-pared with valsartan group after six-month treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of systolic blood pressure[(154.35±11.64)mmHg vs.(138.37±12.85)mmHg],diastolic blood pressure[(98.68±9.97)mmHg vs. (80.35±8.57)mmHg],LVM[(204.75 ± 12.35 )g vs.(198.77 ± 12.64)g],LVMI [(128.68 ± 6.54)g/m2 vs. (118.35±5.74)g/m2 ]and serum RBP4 level [(26.56±5.67)g/ml vs.(24.75±5.36)g/ml],and significant rise in serum Vaspin level [(10.23 ± 1.10)pg/ml vs.(12.43 ± 1.12)pg/ml]in combined treatment group,P < 0.01 all. Compared with valsartan group,there was significant rise in total effective rate (64.8% vs.82.4%,P =0.015)in combined treatment group.Conclusion:Hydrochlorothiazide combined valsartan can significantly reduce blood pres-sure and serum RBP4 level,significantly increase Vaspin level in aged EH patients,which is worth extending.
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Objective:To study therapeutic effects of hydrochlorothiazide combined valsartan on aged patients with essential hypertension (EH),and its influence on cardiac function,serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin).Methods:A total of 148 aged EH patients treated in our hospital from Dec 2014 to Dec 2015 were selected.According to random number table,patients were randomly and equally divided into valsartan group and combined treatment group (received hydrochlorothiazide therapy based on valsartan group).Blood pressure,left ventricular mass (LVM),left ventricular mass index (LV-MI),serum RBP4 and Vaspin levels before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Results:Com-pared with valsartan group after six-month treatment,there were significant reductions in levels of systolic blood pressure[(154.35±11.64)mmHg vs.(138.37±12.85)mmHg],diastolic blood pressure[(98.68±9.97)mmHg vs. (80.35±8.57)mmHg],LVM[(204.75 ± 12.35 )g vs.(198.77 ± 12.64)g],LVMI [(128.68 ± 6.54)g/m2 vs. (118.35±5.74)g/m2 ]and serum RBP4 level [(26.56±5.67)g/ml vs.(24.75±5.36)g/ml],and significant rise in serum Vaspin level [(10.23 ± 1.10)pg/ml vs.(12.43 ± 1.12)pg/ml]in combined treatment group,P < 0.01 all. Compared with valsartan group,there was significant rise in total effective rate (64.8% vs.82.4%,P =0.015)in combined treatment group.Conclusion:Hydrochlorothiazide combined valsartan can significantly reduce blood pres-sure and serum RBP4 level,significantly increase Vaspin level in aged EH patients,which is worth extending.
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Background Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) is a common animal model of uveitis.Natural killer (NK) cells have been confirmed to be a type of strong inflammation-causing cells,but its role in EAU is still studing.Objective This study was designed to explore the role and mechanism of NK cells in the pathogenesis of EAU.Methods Thirty-six SPF Lewis rats were randomly divided into expeimental control group and EAU 6-,9-,12-,16-,and 21-day groups (6 rats for each group).Rats in EAU group received subcutaneous injection interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (IRBP) combining 5 mg/ml tubercle bacillus with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) emulsion in foot pads,and then 400 ng pertussis toxin was intraperitoneally injected to extablish EAU models in the EAU 6-,9-,12-,16-,and 21-day group,and normal saline solution combined with CFA and 400 ng pertussis toxin was used in the same way in the experimental control group.The inflammatory response was observed by slit lamp daily after modeling and scored based on Caspi criteria.The eyeballs were extracted in 6,9,12,16 and 21 days after modeling for retinal histopathological examination,Immunofluorescent double-staining was employed to detect and locate the expression of NK cells in the retina.In addition,25 model rats were divided into EAU 0-,3-,6-,9-and 12-day groups,with 5 rats for each group,and eyeballs were extracted to prepare tissue homogenate.The expression of CXCL10 mRNA,and CXCL12 mRNA NK cell chemokines,in the tissue homogenate was assayed by real-time quantitative PCR.The use and care of the rats followed Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animal by State Science and Technology Commission.Results No inflammatory sign in ocular anterior segment of the rats was seen in the experimental control group.The expansion of rat iris vessels was found in the EAU 6-day group,and exudes and hypopyon of the anterior chamber occurred in the EAU 9-day group and the inflammation peaked in the EAU 12-day gorup.The rat retinal structure was normal in the experimental control group,and the arrangement disorder of retinal structure,the cell separation in outer nuclear layer and damage of photoreceptors were found under the optical microscope in different degree in various EAU groups,with the most serious change in the EAU 12-day group.Immunofluorescent double staining showed normally arranged nucleus in the experimental control group,and a lot of NK infiltration was seen in the EAU 6-day group and peaked in the EAU 9-day group.The expression level of CXCL10 mRNA in the EAU 9-day group was 34.298 ± 16.689,which was significantly higher than that in the EAU 3-,6-and 12-day group,respectively (1.390 ± 0.660,3.359 ± 2.581,4.711 ±1.387) (all at P＜0.01).No significant differences were found in the relative expression of CXCL12 mRNA among different EAU groups (F=2.851,P＞0.05).Conclusions Retinal NK cell infiltration occurs in the early stage of EAU,and the severity of NK cell infiltration is consistent with the inflammatory process and CXCL10 expression,suggesting NK cells play an important role in the early stage of EAU,and CXCL10 is an important chemokine of NK cells in EAU rats.
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Objective To detect the levels of retinol binding protein(RBP)and adiponectin during the second trimester in the serum of women in normal pregnancy and women who subsequently develop gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM )and to evaluate their role in predicting GDM .Methods A case‐control study was performed to detect and compare the levels of RBP and adiponec‐tin between women who subsequently develop GDM (n= 88)and normal control from 16 to 20 pregnancy weeks (n= 88) . Results Maternal serum RBP levels and the RBP/adiponectin ratio were significantly higher in GDM women than that in normal controls(P<0 .01) .The levels of maternal serum adiponectin were significantly lower in GDM women than that in normal controls (P<0 .01) .The levels of RBP≥30 .45 mg/L ,adiponectin≤9 .93 mg/L and the ratio of RBP/adiponetin≥3 .18 as early markers for predicating development of GDM ,their sensitivities were 63 .6% ,80 .7% and 81 .8% ,and specificities were 75 .0% ,65 .1% and 79 .7% ,respectively .Conclusion The combination of RBP and adiponetin as early marker for predicating development of GDM from 16 to 20 pregnancy weeks was more valuable than single use of them .
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Objective To investigate the correlation of serum levels of retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) and andomen?tin-1 with ischemic stroke and carotid artery stenosis. Methods Healthy adult (n=50) were selected as the control group while ischemic stroke patients with different degrees of carotid artery stenosis (n=143) were enrolled as the disease group. According to the ultrasonic Doppler performance, these ischemic stroke patients were divided into three groups:mild steno?sis group (carotid artery stenosis was normal or less than 50%, n=67), moderate stenosis group (carotid artery stenosis was 50%to 70%, n=45), severe stenosis group (carotid artery stenosis was 70%to total occlusion, n=31). BMI index, hyperten?sion, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and fasting blood glucose (FPG) were detected by Automatic biochemical analyzer and serum levels of RBP4 and omentin-1 were measured by ELISA. Results Hypertensive population in carotid artery stenosis group was larger than that in control group (P<0.05). Serum TC, TG, LDL, FPG and RBP4 levels were significantly higher while omentin-1 level decreased remarkably in disease group than those in the control group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that TC and RBP4 were the risk factors of ischemic stroke with carotid artery stenosis, while omentin-1 was a protective factor. Conclusion RBP4 is a risk factor for ischemic stroke with carotid artery stenosis and omentin-1 is a protective factor.
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Objective:To explore the clinical significance of combined detecting serum cystatin C (Cys-C),retinol binding protein (RBP),high sensitive C reactive protein (hsCRP)and urine microalbuminuria (UMA)for early re-nal damage detection in patients With essential hypertension (EH).Methods:Levels of Cys-C,RBP and UMA Were measured in 83 EH patients (EH group)and 80 healthy objects With similar age (healthy control group)respective-ly.Positive rates (exceeding upper limit of normal value for above index Was regarded as positive) of single and combined use of above indexes Were calculated.Results:Compared With healthy control group,there Were signifi-cant increase in levels of Cys-C [(0.98±0.30)μg/ml vs.(1.23±1.38)μg/ml],RBP [(38.32±10.10)mg/L vs. (41.67±11.68)mg/L],and UMA [(1.17±0.46)mg/L vs.(3.01±3.31)mg/L]in EH group (P<0.05 or <0.01),and their detection rates for early renal damage Were 21.69%,19.28%,14.46% and 19.28% respectively. Combined detecting rates of Cys-C + UMA and UMA+ RBP Were 36.14% and 34.94% respectively,Which Were significantly higher than those of single index (P<0.05 all).Conclusion:Proper multi-index combined detecting can effectively raise the detection rate of early renal damage in patients With hypertension.
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BACKGROUND:Conflicting data have been reported regarding the expression of retinol-binding protein 4 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the impact of dietary interventionversus metformin treatment on expression of retinol-binding protein 4 in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to six groups, including two normal control groups (rats were kiled after 8 and 16 weeks of normal diet), two HFD groups (rats were kiled after 8 and 16 weeks of high-fat diet), one dietary intervention group (rats were kiled after 8 weeks of high-fat diet and 8 weeks of normal diet) and one metformin treatment group (rats were kiled after 8 weeks of high-fat diet and 8 weeks of high-fat diet and metformin treatment). The levels of retinol-binding protein 4 in serum and biochemical indexes were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of retinol-binding protein 4 mRNA in liver tissues was measuredvia western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease models were successfuly established by high-fat diet. Liver tissues of high-fat diet fed rats showed progressing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histology, from non-alcoholic fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Dietary intervention increased retinol-binding protein 4 expression in liver tissue as wel as improving liver enzyme, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and aleviated impaired liver histology. Metformin treatment only aleviated hepatic steatosis caused by high-fat diet. The results indicated that retinol-binding protein 4 expression might play a role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Metformin treatment can aleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease histology,dietary intervention should be the fundamental treatment.
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Background: Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been described as a link between impaired glucose uptake in adipocytes and systemic insulin sensitivity. Objective: To determine whether RBP4 fasting levels predict the development of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Using a case-cohort design, we followed 543 middle-aged individuals who developed diabetes and 537 who did not over ~9 years within the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Weighted Cox proportional hazards analyses permitted statistical inference of the RBP4 – incident diabetes associations to the entire cohort. Results: Women in the highest tertile of RBP4 presented greater risk of developing diabetes (HR = 1.74; 95%CI 1.03 – 2.94) in analyses adjusted for age, ethnicity, study center, parental history of diabetes, hypertension, glomerular filtration rate, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, nonesterified fatty acids, adiponectin, leptin, triglycerides and HDL-C. When additionally adjusted for fasting insulin, this association's significance became borderline (HR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.00 – 2.82). No association between RBP4 levels and incident diabetes was found in men. Conclusion: These findings suggest that RBP4 levels may be directly involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in women. .
Introdução: A proteína carreadora de retinol 4 (RBP4) tem sido descrita como elo entre uma menor captura de glicose pelos adipócitos e sensibilidade sistêmica à insulina. Objetivo: Determinar se os níveis de RBP4 em jejum predizem diabetes tipo 2. Método: Em um delineamento de caso-coorte, foram acompanhados 543 indivíduos de meia-idade que desenvolveram diabetes e 537 que não desenvolveram diabetes ao longo de 9 anos no estudo Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC). Foi realizada análise ponderada de riscos proporcionais de Cox para inferência estatística da associação entre os níveis de RBP4 e diabetes incidente na coorte. Resultados: Mulheres com níveis de RBP4 no terceiro tercil apresentaram maior risco de desenvolver diabetes (HR = 1,74; 95% CI 1,03 – 2,94) em análises ajustadas para idade, etnia, centro, história familiar de diabetes, hipertensão, taxa de filtração glomerular, índice de massa corporal, razão cintura-quadril, níveis de ácidos graxos não esterificados, adiponectina, leptina, triglicerídeos e HDL-C. Quando adicionalmente ajustado para os níveis de insulina de jejum, a significância dessa associação se tornou limítrofe (HR = 1,68; 95% CI 1,00 – 2,82). Nenhuma associação foi observada entre RBP4 e diabetes incidente em homens. Conclusão: Esses achados sugerem que os níveis de RBP4 possam estar diretamente envolvidos na patogênese do diabetes tipo 2 em mulheres. .
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Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , /epidemiology , Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma/analysis , Black or African American , Atherosclerosis/blood , Atherosclerosis/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , White People , Fasting , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Assessment , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of amlodipine,perindopril and valsartan on plasma adiponectin and retinol binding protein 4 in elderly patients with essential hypertension.Methods From March 2007 to July 2010,238 elderly patients with essential hypertension were selected and 193 cases completed this study.Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups:amlodipine group (n=68),perindoprilgroup (n=60) and valsartan group (n=65).Patients in each group were treated with amlodipine,perindopril and valsartan respectively for at least 12 weeks.The changes in blood pressure,heart rate,body height,body mass index (BMI),abdominal circumference,waist circumference (WC),levels of blood lipids,plasma adiponection and retinol binding protein 4 were observed before and after treatment.Results Compared with pre-treatment,systolic blood pressure in 3 groups were significantly decreased after treatment (all P＜0.01).There were no significant differences in blood pressure among 3 groups after treatment (all P＞0.05).Compared with pre treatment,plasma adiponectin level was significantly increased in perindopril group and valsartan group after treatment [(7.4±1.8) μg/L vs.(8.3± 1.8) μg/L,(7.5±1.7) μg/L vs.(8.4±1.9)μg/L,both P＜0.01].Plasma adiponectin level was higher in perindopril group and valsartan group than in amlodipine group after treatment [(8.3±1.8) μg/L vs.(7.6±1.8) μg/L,(8.4±1.9) μg/Lvs.(7.6±1.8) μg/L,both P＜0.05].Compared with pretreatment,plasma retinol binding protein 4 level in 3 groups were all decreased after treatment,and the decrements had significant differences in perindopril group and valsartan group (both P＜0.01) but had no difference in amlodipine group (P＞0.05).Plasma adiponectin retinol binding protein 4 levels were lower in perindopril group and valsartan group than in amlodipine group after treatment[(36.6± 14.2) μg/L vs.(42.7± 13.8) μg/L,(36.3±14.1) μg/L vs.(42.7±13.8) μg/L,respectively,both P＜0.01].Conclusions Perindopril and valsartan play important roles in cardiovascular protection beyond the antihypertensive effects by increasing plasma adiponection level and decreasing plasma retinol binding protein 4 level in elderly patients with hypertension.
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Objective To study the relationship between serum retinal binding protein 4 (RBP4) level and acute cerebral infarction,and to analyze the correlation between RBP4 level and the related risk factors of acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with acute cerebral infarction were chosen as observation group,and 80 cases of contemporaneous healthy examined people were selected as control group.The levels of serum RBP4,body mass index (BMI),fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting serum insulin (FINS),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and blood pressure after admission of each group were measured.Statistic analysis was processed between the level of serum RBP4 and acute cerebral infarction or related risk factors.Results The level of serum RBP4 in observation group was increased compared with that in control group [(41.68 ± 5.12) mg/L vs.(23.84 ± 3.26) mg/L],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01).The Pearson relative analysis showed positive correlation between the level of serum RBP4 and related risk factors of acute cerebral infarction FBG,FINS,LDL-C,BMI,systolic pressure.The Logistic stepwise regression analysis suggested that BMI,LDL-C and age were independently associated with the level of serum RBP4.Conclusion RBP4 plays an important role in the incidence of acute cerebral infarction,high RBP4 level may be one of the dangerous factors of acute cerebral infarction patients and could provide reference to prevents the cerebral infarction.
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ObjectiveTo study the role and clinical significance of serum visfatin and retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss by measuring the change of their levels in the patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss.MethodsThe levels of visfatin and RBP4 were determined by ELISA method in the 102 idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients who were observed at two different time points ( before and after treatment),and thirty-five patients with other neurologic diseases (20 with sciatica,16 with trigeminal neuralgia) and thirty healthy people were used as control.ResultsThe levels of visfatin and RBP4 in the serum of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss after treatment [Visfatin (24.26 ± 2.17 ) μg/L; RBP4 (46.65± 5.26 ) mg/L]were markedly higher than the group with other neurologic diseases [Visfatin ( 20.67 ± 2.14 ) μ g/L; RBP4(34.37 ±5.73)mg/L] and the healthy control group[Visfatin(17.61 ±2.45) μg/L; RBP4 (24.82 ±5.24)mg/L] ( t =10.38,10.41,12.16,15.06,P ＜0.01),and it was significantly less than that before treatment [Visfatin(32.24 ± 2.37) μ /L; RBP4 ( 57.43 ± 6.19 ) mg/L] ( t =17.25,15.12,P ＜ 0.01 ).The levels visfatin and RBP4 in serum of severe group with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss [Visfatin ( 36.52 ± 2.46 ) μg/L; RBP4 (67.17 ± 5.92 ) mg/L] were markedly higher than those in the moderate group[Visfatin(28.92 ±2.26)μg/L; RBP4 (55.34±5.95)mg/L]( t =11.21,11.17,P ＜0.01).The levels visfatin and RBP4 in serum of moderate group were markedly higher than those in the mild group [Visfatin ( 25.31 ± 2.32 ) μg/L; RBP4 ( 47.48 ± 5.82 ) mg/L],all these differences were statistically significant( t =10.43,10.49,P ＜0.01 ).There was a positive correlation between visfatin and RBP4 in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss ( r =0.68,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe levels of serum visfatin and RBP4 have instructive significance in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss treatingand prognosis estimating