ABSTRACT
Enterprise and competent department in China start to explore evaluation method and technique,as revaluation of Chinese patent medicine has been paid high attention in recent years.However,many problems of Chinese patent medicine standard itself commonly have been neglected in the revaluation of curative effect.This review comprehensively analyzed problems have to be faced in the revaluation of the curative effect of Chinese patent medicine,such as excessive broad expressions of function and indication,obscure definition of indication,identification between function and indication,correspondence of diseases and syndromes between Chinese and western medicine,feasibility of clinical trials,with the provision of general methods and solutions.
ABSTRACT
Neste trabalho foram analisados os riscos à saúde relacionados ao uso do agrotóxico Metamidofós no Brasil e as principais dificuldades que a autoridade sanitária enfrenta na realização da avaliação destes riscos e de seu gerenciamento. A partir dos dados sobre o cancelamento do registro do Metamidofós procedeu-se uma busca sobre todo o processo da sua reavaliação toxicológica. Os fatos relacionados à reavaliação e cancelamento do Metamidofós mostraram a importância da existência do controle sanitário, bem como a necessidade de constantes reavaliações das tecnologias empregadas na produção agrícola brasileira. Os agricultores se acostumaram ao uso do Metamidofós e a sua reavaliação ameaçou interesses econômicos. Porém a legislação específica dá aos poderes públicos competências para realizarem seu controle sanitário e a reavaliação sistemática de seu uso. O controle sanitário identifica distorções e os conhecimentos trazem informações e evidências sobre os riscos para a saúde e ambiente.
The objective this work was gather and analyze information about the health risks related to use of the Methamidophos pesticide in Brazil and the main difficulties facing the health authority in performing the assessment and control these risks. From the data on the registration cancellation of Methamidophos was carried out a search on the whole process of its toxicological revaluation. The facts related to revaluation and cancellation of Methamidophos showed the importance of sanitary control and the need for constant review of the technologies employed in Brazilian agricultural production. Farmers accustomed to using Methamidophos, saw in the revaluation, a threat to of them economic interests. However, the specific legislation gives government powers to carry out sanitary control and systematic revaluation of pesticide use. The sanitary control identifies distortions and the knowledge provides information and evidence about the risks to health and environment.
El objetivo de este trabajo fue recopilar y analizar información sobre los riesgos para la salud con el uso del plaguicida metamidofos en Brasil y las principales dificultades de la autoridad sanitaria en la realización de la evaluación y el control de estos riesgos. Desde los datos de la cancelación de la inscripción de metamidofos se llevó una búsqueda en todo el proceso de su revalorización toxicológica. Los hechos relacionados con la revalorización y la cancelación de metamidofos mostraron la importancia del control sanitario y la necesidad de una revisión constante de las tecnologías empleadas en la producción agrícola brasileña. Los agricultores acostumbrados a utilizar metamidofos, han visto en la revalorización, una amenaza de los intereses económicos para ellos. Sin embargo, la legislación de los poderes públicos para el control sanitario y la revaluación sistemática del uso de plaguicidas. El control sanitario identifica las distorsiones y el conocimiento proporciona información y pruebas sobre los riesgos para la salud y el medio ambiente.
ABSTRACT
Revaluation of syndrome therapeutic effect of post-marketing Chinese materia medica (CMM) is a necessary complement to pre-ipo syndrome therapeutic effect evaluation. With the transition of research stage and research target, the evaluation method needs a breakthrough and innovation. So considering the academic characteristics of syndrome theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), concerning the key link in the process of design and implementation in syndrome curative effect evaluation, and analyzing the common problems in syndrome curative effect evaluation are the urgent needs to change the current syndrome curative effect evaluation. Through analyzing the type and level of efficacy evaluation in TCM and interpreting the current situation and demand of syndrome therapeutic effect revaluation for post-marketing CMM, here this paper tried to put forward the research of revaluation of syndrome therapeutic effect for post-marketing CMM, which involved in research of symptoms unit, expression of specification symptoms, and symptoms of selection and optimization. Then drawing lessons from study design with effective registration and combining the concept of causality research could list some inspiration for how to establish the syndrome therapeutic effect revaluation for post-marketing CMM.
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to carry the post-marketing revaluation on classical Tibetan medicine of the Seven-ty-flavor Pearl Pill, which will help improve its scientificity, safety and standardization in order to promote its indus- trial development. Literature mining method was used to summarize research information of the Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill, such as the clinical pharmacy sorting. Meanwhile, the successful example of Padma-28 was referred in the analysis of deficiencies in the indications of Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill. The results showed the present situation of clinical combination therapy, pharmacology and toxicology study of Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill. It was concluded that the building of new model of post-marketing revaluation on the Seventy-flavor Pearl Pill can provide re-evaluation scientific basis for Tibetan medicine on its clinical effectiveness and safety.
ABSTRACT
The types of Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch and its junior synonym H. sanguinolenta Koch, both from State of Pará, Brazil, have been studied. Although H. cinnabarina has been considered a synonym of H. punctata Canestrini and Fanzago (a Palearctic species), they were compared to another closely related species H. chordeilis (Packard) (a Nearctic species). Based on the morphology and geographical distance among of H. cinnabarina, H. chordeilis and H. punctata, we are reasonably sure that all are valid taxa. The lack of additional reports of H. cinnabarina is more related to few investigations in South America, mainly in Northern Brazil, rather than suggesting that it does not exist.
Os tipos de Haemaphysalis cinnabarina Koch e da espécie sinônima H. sanguinolenta Koch, ambos do Estado do Pará, Brasil, foram estudados. Embora H. cinnabarina tenha sido considerada uma sinonímia de H. punctata Canestrini e Fanzago (uma espécie Paleártica), elas foram comparadas a uma outra espécie próxima, H. chordeilis (Packard) (uma espécie Neártica). Com base em morfologia e distância geográfica entre H. cinnabarina, H. chordeilis e H. punctata, consideramos válidos os três taxa. A ausência de relatos adicionais de H. cinnabarina está mais relacionada à ausência de investigações na América do Sul, principalmente no Norte do Brasil, do que a sugestão da sua não existência.