Injecting drug use & HIV prevalence among female sex workers: Evidence from the National Integrated Biological & Behavioural Surveillance, India

Background & objectives: Female sex workers (FSWs) who inject drugs (FSW-IDs) have a higher risk of HIV infection and transmission. Understanding the socio-demographic characteristics and other risk behaviours among FSW-IDs will help in strengthening targeted interventions for HIV prevention and management. In the present study, the HIV prevalence, associated socio-demographic characteristics and risk behaviours among FSWs who injected drugs (FSW-IDs) and those who did not ID (FSW-NIDs) was determined in India. Methods: The national cross-sectional, community-based, integrated biological and behavioural surveillance was conducted in 2014-2015 at 73 randomly selected FSW domains across 28 States and Union Territories in India. The sample size was fixed at 400 for each domain, and a probability-based sampling method was followed. The data were analyzed by logistic regression methods. Results: Data from 27,007 FSWs were included in the analysis, of which 802 (3%) were FSW-IDs. HIV prevalence among FSW-IDs was significantly higher than that in FSW-NIDs (4.5 vs. 1.9%). Univariate analysis showed that factors significantly associated with higher HIV prevalence among FSW-IDs were older age, sex work as the only source of income, dissolved marriage, living with a sex worker, urban locality of sex work and consumption of alcohol or oral drugs. In multivariable analysis, factors such as older age of FSW-IDs (35 yr and above), having a dissolved marriage and sex work being the only source of income were observed to be independently and significantly associated with higher HIV prevalence. Interpretation & conclusions: Scaling up the HIV preventive interventions for FSW-IDs, such as facilitating awareness and improved access to needle and syringe exchange programme (NSEP) and opioid substitution therapy (OST), encouraging safe sex and injecting practices, educating on the harmful effects of alcohol and drugs and providing alternative vocation options to secure their financial needs are several strategies that may reduce HIV transmission among FSWs.

Sexual and reproductive health risk behaviours: higher education students' perceptions / Comportamientos de riesgo en la salud sexual y reproductiva: percepciones de los estudiantes universitarios / Comportamentos de risco para a saúde sexual e reprodutiva: perceções dos estudantes do ensino superior

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand higher education students' perceptions of sexual and reproductive health risk behaviours. Methods: a descriptive study following a qualitative approach was conducted, using Pender's Health Promotion Model as a theoretical and methodological framework. A thematic analysis of the data obtained from different focus groups was performed. Results: participants consider that factors such as communication with their sexual partner, the ability to negotiate and a positive attitude regarding condoms are positive aspects that will encourage consistent use of condom. The embarrassment felt at the time of purchase, the reduction of sexual pleasure and the growing stability of the relationship are usually seen as barriers. Final considerations: the study was crucial to identify some strategies that will be considered in further health promotion programmes, namely peer education, and will help promote personal and social skills and the (re)organisation of healthcare services.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer las percepciones de los estudiantes de educación superior sobre las conductas de riesgo en materia de salud sexual y reproductiva. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con un enfoque cualitativo utilizando el Modelo de Promoción de la Salud de Pender como marco teórico y metodológico. Se realizó un análisis temático de los datos obtenidos en los grupos focales. Resultados: una buena comunicación con la pareja sexual, la capacidad de negociación y una actitud positiva hacia el preservativo son aspectos benéficos para un uso regular del preservativo. La vergüenza que mucha gente todavía siente cuando va a comprar condones, la reducción del placer sexual y la estabilidad de la relación amorosa pueden actuar como barreras. Consideraciones Finales: se identificaron las estrategias a tener en cuenta en el diseño de los programas de promoción de la salud sexual, como la educación por pares, para promover las habilidades personales y sociales y la (re)organización de los servicios sanitarios.

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer as perceções dos estudantes do ensino superior sobre comportamentos de risco sexual e reprodutivo. Métodos: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, usando como referencial teórico-metodológico o Modelo de Promoção da Saúde de Pender. Foi realizada uma análise temática dos dados obtidos através dos grupos focais. Resultados: os participantes consideram que fatores como a comunicação com o parceiro sexual, a capacidade de negociação e uma atitude positiva face ao uso do preservativo poderão constituir benefícios para uma utilização consistente do preservativo. Já o embaraço para comprar o preservativo, a alegada redução do prazer e a estabilidade da relação amorosa são entendidos como barreiras a esse uso consistente. Considerações finais: foram identificadas estratégias a considerar na criação de programas de promoção da saúde sexual, nomeadamente a educação pelos pares para promover competências pessoais e sociais e a (re)organização dos serviços de saúde.

El día después: comportamientos de riesgo y protección ante el COVID-19 durante los comienzos de la cuarentena / The day after: risk and protection behaviours towards COVID-19 during the early quarantine

La declaración de la pandemia (Organización Mundial de la Salud, OMS, 2020) causada por el COVID-19 ha generado, a nivel global y en tiempo récord, investigaciones y publicaciones de evidencias preliminares. En este contexto, dentro de un diseño exploratorio, correlacional y comparativo, de corte transversal, se indaga comportamientos de riesgo y de protección (resiliencia, autoeficacia y afrontamiento) ante el COVID 19, percibidos individual y colectivamente, por los encuestados durante y post cuarentena. Participaron 1.134 encuestados, 31.48% hombres y 68.52% mujeres, con edad promedio de 30.18 años, el 94.4% residentes de Paraguay. Se destaca el acatamiento de normas de bioseguridad por parte de los participantes en el distanciamiento físico (62,17%), lavado regular de manos (89,8%), uso de tapabocas (81,13%). Existe acuerdo en la efectividad de la cuarentena para frenar el contagio (92,86%), pero una baja percepción de la capacidad para manejar el estrés individual en aislamiento (m=1.88; ds= .83), baja recurrencia a profesionales de la salud por ayuda (m= .86; s= 1.02), y un bajo nivel de afrontamiento en comparación a los otros factores preventivos (m= 10.61; ds=3.25). Importante seguir esta línea de investigación para las fases de confinamiento en proceso.

The declaration of the pandemic (WHO, 2020) caused by COVID-19 has generated, at a global level and in record time, investigations and publications of preliminary evidence. In this context, risk and protective behaviours (resilience, self-efficacy and coping) were investigated, perceived individually and collectively, by respondents during and after lockdown within an exploratory, correlational, and comparative, crosssectional design. The survey considered 1,134 respondents, with 31.48% men and 68.52% women, the average age was 30.18 years, and 94.4% were Paraguay residents. The study highlights the observance of biosafety regulations by the participants in terms of physical distance (62.17%), regular handwashing (89.8%) and use of face masks (81.13%). There is agreement on the effectiveness of lockdown to stop contagion (92.86%), but a low perception of the ability to handle individual stress in isolation (m = 1.88; ds = .83), low recurrence to health professionals for help (m = .86; s = 1.02), and a low level of coping compared to the other preventive factors (m = 10.61; ds = 3.25). It is important to follow this investigation line for the current lockdown phases.

Comportamientos de riesgo y dimensiones de personalidad en la adolescencia / Risk behaviours and personality traits in adolescence

Resumen: Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: 1) establecer la prevalencia del consumo de alcohol, de tabaco y de cannabis, así como de las relaciones sexuales sin protección y la repetición de curso en adolescentes en función del sexo; 2) determinar las dimensiones de personalidad introversión (I), búsqueda de sensaciones (BS), impulsividad (Im) y sensibilidad a la ansiedad (SA) en función del sexo; 3) relacionar posibles perfiles de personalidad con dichas conductas. La muestra se compuso de 1.324 adolescentes (14-18 años). A partir de las dimensiones de personalidad valoradas se establecieron 4 grupos de adolescentes. El grupo de adolescentes con puntuaciones altas en todas las dimensiones de personalidad es el que presentó mayores tasas de experimentación con el consumo. Por el contrario, el de los adolescentes con bajos niveles de I, BS e Im fue el que menores tasas presentó. Las intervenciones preventivas deberían tener en cuenta las dimensiones de personalidad señaladas para poder aplicarse con una mayor efectividad.

Abstract: The objectives of this study were: 1) to establish the prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use, as well as unprotected sex and school failure among adolescents according to gender; 2) to determine the personality dimensions: introversion (I), sensation-seeking (SS), impulsivity (Im) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) according to gender; 3) to relate possible personality profiles to these behaviours. The sample included 1.324 adolescents aged between 14-18. 4 groups of adolescents were established based on the assessed personality dimensions. The group of adolescents with high scores in all personality dimensions presented the highest rates of experimentation with consumption. On the contrary, the group of adolescents with low levels of I, SS and Im presented the lowest rates. Preventive interventions should take into account the personality dimensions indicated in order to be applied with greater effectiveness.

Relación entre habilidades para la vida y riesgos vitales en adolescentes escolarizados de la ciudad de Armenia / Relationship between life skills and vital risks in adolescents who attend school in the city of Armenia

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre habilidades para la vida y riesgos vitales en adolescentes escolarizados. Método: Esta es una investigación cuantitativa descriptiva-correlacional, en la que se aplicó la escala de habilidades para la vida de Díaz, Rosero, Melo y Aponte (2013), y se diseñó un cuestionario de identificación de riesgos vitales y una ficha de caracterización. La muestra fueron 107 estudiantes (adolescentes entre 12 y 17 años) de 9°, 10° y 11° de bachillerato de una institución educativa pública de la ciudad de Armenia, y fueron seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico. Resultados: En las habilidades para la vida prevalecen: empatía (65,4 %), toma de decisiones (57,9 %), solución de problemas y conflictos (62,6 %). Los riesgos psicosociales identificados son: relacional (81,3 %), intergrupal (95,3 %), personal (97,2 %), psicológico (96,3 %), y comunitarios (96,3 %). Existe correlación entre manejo de sentimientos y emociones, tensiones y estrés con regulación emocional y reconocimiento de fuentes de estrés (p=0,566); manejo de tensiones y estrés, y comunicación efectiva y asertiva con humildad y estrategias específicas (p=0,5) como respirar profundamente y tener pensamientos saludables (p=0,605). Conclusiones: Una relación sana con los padres mejora sus habilidades para la vida, pero disminuye el reconocimiento de riesgos en el hogar y el ambiente; interacciones conflictivas con los padres afectan las habilidades para la vida; manejar sentimientos y emociones se relaciona con la regulación y expresión emocional, así, quien aprehende afectivamente a explorar su vida emocional tiene mejores habilidades para identificarlas, implementarlas y expresarlas al momento de tomar decisiones.

Abstract Objective: This paper aims to analyze the relationship between life skills and vital risks in adolescents who attend school. Method: This is a quantitative correlational descriptive-research; in this research a scale based on life skills by Diaz, Rosero, Melo and Aponte (2013) was applied, and also a vital risk identification questionnaire and a sheet of characterization were designed. 107 from ninth, tenth and eleventh grade students (adolescents aged 12-17) of a public high school from Armenia (Col) through a non-probabilistic were selected and sampled. Results: As result, life skills such as: empathy (65,4 %), decision-making (57,9 %), problem and conflict solving (62,6 %). Identified psychosocial risks are, as follows: relational (81,3 %), intergroup (95,3 %), staff (97,2 %), psychological (96,3 %), community (96,3 %). There is a correlation between feelings and emotions, tensions and stress with emotional regulation and recognition of sources of stress management (p = 0,566); tension and stress management, and effective and assertive communication with humility (p = 0,5) and specific strategies such as breathing deeply and thinking healthy thoughts (p = 0,605). Conclusions: A healthy relationship with parents improves life skills, but the recognition of risks at home and the environment decreases. Conflicting interactions with parents affect life skills. To cope with feelings and emotions is related with regulation and emotional expression, thus, who apprehends affectionately to explore on its own emotional life, has better skills to identify, implement and express them when making decisions.

Why road safety is the need of the hour? A study among youth of District Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Background: Road traffic injuries are the eighth leading cause of death globally, and the leading cause of death for young people aged 15–29 years. Each year, almost 400,000 young people under 25 years old are killed in a road traffic crash - about 1049 youngsters every day. Aims and objectives: To find out the prevalence of road safety related health risk behaviours and its determinants amongst young males of District Dehradun. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study conducted over 12 months of duration. The study sample comprised of 1800 male youth aged 15-24years studying in various schools and colleges of District Dehradun. A pre-tested and pre-structured questionnaire (YRBSS) was used. The data was entered and analysed using SPSS-version 20.0. Results: Approximately three-fourth of youth reported never using seat-belt while driving and only 4.4% reported always using helmet whereas 24.0% accepted never use of helmet. Approximately one-fourth of the total 1168 at risk subjects in past 30 days, accepted driving a vehicle while drunk and 39.9% reported use of mobile phones while driving. Personality traits (extrovert, neuroticism and lack of direction) turned out to be the major factor in road safety related health risk behaviour. Conclusion: Although, road safety related health risk was found to be more among urban youth as compared to their rural counterparts, yet it was found alarmingly high for both rural and urban study population.

Socio-economic & demographic determinants of hypertension & knowledge, practices & risk behaviour of tribals in India.

Background & objectives: An increase in prevalence of hypertension has been observed in all ethnic groups in India. The objective of the present study was to estimate prevalence and determinants of hypertension among tribals and their awareness, treatment practices and risk behaviours in nine States of India. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study adopting multistage random sampling procedure was carried out. About 120 Integrated Tribal Development Authority villages were selected randomly from each State. From each village, 40 households were covered randomly. All men and women ≥ 20 yr of age in the selected households were included for various investigations. Results: A total of 21141 men and 26260 women participated in the study. The prevalence of hypertension after age adjustment was 27.1 and 26.4 per cent among men and women, respectively. it was higher in the states of Odisha (50-54.4%) and Kerala (36.7-45%) and lowest in Gujarat (7-11.5%). The risk of hypertension was 6-8 times higher in elderly people and 2-3 times in 35-59 yr compared with 20-34 yr. Only <10 per cent of men and women were known hypertensives and more than half on treatment (55-68%). Men with general and abdominal obesity were at 1.69 (CI: 1.43-2.01) and 2.42 (CI: 2.01-2.91) times higher risk of hypertension, respectively, while it was 2.03 (CI=1.77-2.33) and 2.35 (CI 2.12-2.60) times higher in women. Those using tobacco and consuming alcohol were at a higher risk of hypertension compared with the non users. Interpretation & conclusions: The study revealed high prevalence of hypertension among tribals in India. Age, literacy, physical activity, consumption of tobacco, alcohol and obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Awareness and knowledge about hypertension and health seeking behaviour were low. Appropriate intervention strategies need to be adopted to increase awareness and treatment practices of hypertension among tribals.

Comportamentos (a) normais e recurso à entrevista estruturada na avaliação de (in)imputáveis juridicamente privados de liberdade / (Ab)normal behaviours and use of structured interview in the evaluation of (not)able-to-stand-trial persons legally deprived of freedom / Comportamientos (a) normales y recurso a la entrevista estructurada en la evaluación de (in) imputables jurídicamente privados de libertad

Este trabalho incide sobre uma breve revisão bibliográfica centrada em alguns conceitos que medeiam entre a saúde e a privação da liberdade, pois insere-se em uma investigação mais ampla no âmbito do doutoramento em Psicologia, focalizada nos comportamentos que interferem com a saúde em uma população legalmente privada de liberdade, isto é, de reclusos em cumprimento de penas de prisão e de doentes mentais em cumprimento de medidas de segurança e de tratamento. Consideramos que a entrevista psicológica estruturada seja um dos instrumentos de avaliação que nos possibilita aceder a esses comportamentos, porém, antes de nos debruçarmos sobre ela, entendemos pertinente definir alguns conceitos que estiveram na base da sua construção, como liberdade versus privação jurídica de liberdade, imputabilidade versus inimputabilidade (de acordo com o ordenamento jurídico português), comportamentos de risco e padrões dentro e fora da norma.

This paper focuses on a brief literature review centred in some concepts that mediate health and the legal deprivation of freedom. It integrates a broader research work within the PhD in psychology, which concentrates on the behaviours which interfere with the health of a population living in a prisional establishment, i.e. prisoners who are serving imprisonment sentences and mental patients serving safety and treatment measures. We believe the structured psychological interview is one of the evaluation instruments that will allow us to access those behaviours. Nevertheless, before approaching this kind of instrument, we consider appropriate to define some concepts that were the basis of their construction, such as freedom vs legal deprivation of freedom, able-to-stand-trial vs not-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity (according to the Portuguese legal system), risk behaviours and patterns within and outside the norm.

Este trabajo incide sobre una breve revisión bibliográfica centrada en algunos conceptos que median entre la salud y la privación de la libertad, pues se insiere en una investigación más amplía en el ámbito del Doctorado en Psicología, orientada a los comportamientos que interfieren con la salud en una población legalmente privada de libertad, o sea, reclusos en cumplimiento de penas de prisión y enfermos mentales en cumplimiento de medidas de seguridad y de tratamiento. Consideramos que la entrevista psicológica estructurada es uno de los instrumentos de evaluación que nos posibilita acceder a esos comportamientos. No obstante, antes de concentrarnos en ellos, entendemos pertinente definir algunos conceptos que estuvieron en la base de su construcción, como libertad versus privación jurídica de libertad, imputabilidad versus inimputabilidad (de acuerdo al ordenamiento jurídico portugués), comportamientos de riesgo y estándares dentro y fuera de la norma.

Alcohol and crime behaviour.

Alcohol use has been shown to be associated with High Risk Behaviour (HRB). However, the exact nature of this association remains to be clarified. 100 male patients admitted with an ICD-10 diagnosis of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) were studied using both self-report and semi-structured interview. The data was analysed using an Event- analysis technique for the occurrence of HRB, namely Road traffic Accidents, Crime and Violence, Self-injurious behaviour and risky Sexual behaviour. Personality variables were studied using the Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, Indian Adaptation and Barratt‟s Impulsivity Scale, version 11. Data was analysed using SPSS, with Independent t-test, chi square and logistic regression. Out of the 100 patients studied 64 of the sample were exposed to HRB. Analysis of the data found evidence that Severity of Dependence, Personality Constructs of Sensation Seeking and Impulsivity, and lower Educational status showed significant association with HRB. On logistic regression analysis Lower Educational Status, Sensation Seeking Scores and Severity of Alcohol Dependence were found to predict H R B. The occurrence of HRBs was substantial among patients with ADS, with majority of them involved in road traffic accidents.

HIV-related sexual risk behaviours among late-adolescent Jamaican girls with older male partners / Comportamientos de riesgo sexual en relación con el VIH entre las adolescentes tardías jamaicanas con parejas masculinas de mayor edad

OBJECTIVE: To describe HIV-related sexual risk behaviours among late-adolescent Jamaican girls and examine whether having an age-discordant male sexual partner (> 2 years older) was associated with a decrease in condom use at last coitus. METHODS: Utilizing an expanded Theory of Planned Behaviour, a survey was designed to capture HIV-related sexual risk behaviours. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the final sample of one hundred and eighty-four late-adolescent girls (18-21 years) in Kingston, Jamaica. RESULTS: At first coitus, 70.3 per cent of the survey participants had done so with an older partner. At the time of the survey, 58.7 per cent of the sample reported being in an age-discordant relationship, with age differences between 2 and 39 years. While only 12 per cent of the sample reported having more than one sexual partner, 40 per cent of the sample reported that their older male partner had multiple sexual partners. Slightly more than half (58%) of late-adolescent girls reported condom use at last coitus. No significant differences were found in condom use between girls who had age-discordant partners and girls who had similar aged-partners. CONCLUSION: Sexual relationships with older male partners are common among late-adolescent Jamaican girls, and may put girls at risk for acquiring HIV through unprotected coitus and coitus with someone who has multiple partners. As Jamaica and the broader Caribbean struggle to curtail the emergent HIV epidemic among adolescent girls, age-discordant relationships are a significant area for research and prevention efforts of clinicians and public health professionals.

OBJETIVO: Describir los comportamientos de riesgo sexual relacionados con el VIH entre las muchachas jamaicanas adolescentes tardías, y examinar si el tener un companero sexual de edad discordante (> 2 años mayor) estaba o no asociado con la disminución del uso del condón en el último coito. MÉTODOS: Utilizando una teoria del comportamiento planificado extendida, se disenó una encuestapara registrar comportamientos de riesgo sexual en relación con el VIH. Se usaron estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales a fin de analizar la muestra final de ciento ochenta y cuatro muchachas adolescentes tardías (18-21 anos) en Kingston, Jamaica. RESULTADOS: El primer coito, 70.3 por ciento de las participantes en la encuesta lo tuvieron con un companero de mayor edad. Al momento de la encuesta, 58.7 por ciento de la muestra informó hallarse en una relación de edad discordante, con diferencias de edad entre 2 y 39 anos. Mientras sólo 12 por ciento de la muestra informó tener más de un companero sexual, 40por ciento de la muestra informó que su pareja masculina de mayor edad tenia múltiples parejas sexuales. Casi más de la mitad (58%) de las adolescentes tardías reportaron uso del condón en el último coito. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el uso del condón entre las muchachas con companeros de edad discordante y muchachas con parejas de edad similar. CONCLUSIÓN: Las relaciones sexuales con parejas masculinas de mayor edad, son comunes entre las muchachas jamaicanas adolescentes tardías. Estas relaciones pueden poner a las muchachas en riesgo de adquirir el VIH a través del coito no protegido y el coito con alguien que tiene múltiples parejas. En un momento en que Jamaica y la región del Caribe luchan por cortar el desarrollo de la epidemia de VIH entre las adolescentes, las relaciones de edades discordantes son un área significativa para los esfuerzos de investigación y prevención por parte de los médicos y los profesionales de la salud pública.

Álcool, drogas e comportamentos de risco entre pacientes ambulatoriais com hepatite C em hospital universitário / Alcohol, drugs and risk behaviors among outpatients with hepatitis C at a university hospital

A hepatite C afeta aproximadamente 180 milhões de pessoas no mundo; hoje, sua maior rota de transmissão são usuários de drogas injetáveis. Usuários de drogas em geral, inclusive alcoolistas, são mais vulneráveis à infecção por conta das situações higiênicas precárias a que muitos se submetem, devido à drogadição. Foi proposto identificar o histórico do uso de álcool e/ou drogas e outros comportamentos de risco entre pacientes com Hepatite C, em acompanhamento ambulatorial. Realizou-se estudo exploratório, descritivo, em hospital universitário de Ribeirão Preto, em 2006 e 2007. Foram aplicados questionários para: caracterização do paciente; rastreamento do uso de risco ou nocivo do álcool; e levantamento de freqüência e padrões de uso de drogas. Os achados mostram população predominantemente masculina, média de 46,6 anos e alta prevalência do uso de álcool. Notou-se dificuldade entre as mulheres de falar sobre drogadição e sexualidade, o que as coloca como potencial grupo de risco.

Hepatitis C affects approximately 180 million people around the world. Its major transmission route is currently Injected Drug Users (IDUs). However, drug users in general, including alcoholics, are more vulnerable to infection, due to the precarious hygiene situations many of them subject themselves to because of their drug addiction. We thus proposed to identify the history of alcohol and/or drug use and other risk behaviours among patients with hepatitis C in specialized outpatient follow-up at a university hospital in Ribeirão Preto. Using questionnaires, we carried out an exploratory, descriptive study to: characterize the patient; detect the risk use or harmful use of alcohol; and survey drug use frequency and patterns. The findings show a predominantly male population, with a mean age of 46.6 years and high prevalence of alcohol use. We observed that women found it difficult to talk about drug addiction and sexuality, which makes them a potential risk group.

La hepatitis C afecta a aproximadamente 180 millones de personas en el mundo; hoy en día, su mayor ruta de transmisión son usuarios de drogas inyectables. Usuarios de drogas en general, incluso alcohólicos, son más vulnerables a la infección por cuenta de las situaciones higiénicas precarias a que muchos se someten debido a la drogadicción. Se propuso, entonces, identificar el histórico del uso de alcohol y/o drogas, y otros comportamientos de riesgo entre pacientes con hepatitis C, bajo acompañamiento ambulatorio especializado en hospital universitario de Ribeirão Preto - SP - Brasil. Se llevó a cabo un estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, a través de cuestionarios para: caracterización del paciente; rastreo del uso de riesgo o nocivo del alcohol; y recopilación de frecuencia y patrones de uso de drogas. Los hallazgos muestran población predominantemente masculina, promedio de 46,6 años y alta prevalencia del uso de alcohol. Se observó dificultad entre las mujeres de hablar sobre drogadicción y sexualidad, lo que las pone como potencial grupo de riesgo.