Space-time analysis of theft from persons in Pereira (2019-2021). An approach to the theory of environmental munificence for crime / Análisis espaciotemporales del hurto a personas en Pereira (2019-2021). Una aproximación a la teoría de los entornos generosos del crimen / Análise espaço-temporal do roubo de pessoas em Pereira (2019-2021). Uma abordagem da teoria de ambientes de crime generosos

The COVID-19 contingency gave rise to multiple social interactions for which neither governments nor citizens were prepared. The restrictive measures on mobility imposed by the National Government produced a series of changes not only in social dynamics and legal transactions, but also in the criminal context. The purpose of this study is to understand the space-time behavior of theft in the metropolitan area of Pereira, Colombia, and to compare this behavior observed under normal conditions and in times of pandemic. Data were obtained by consulting the Siedco application for the city studied in the 2019-2021 time window. The spatial analysis was performed using the technique known as pattern identification for space-time event networks (Ipree). The empirical evidence observed allows us to conclude that there is a space-time configuration that defines the dynamics of thefts in the city of Pereira and these patterns can be explained from the theory of environmental munificence for crime.

La contingencia provocada por el COVID-19 dio lugar a múltiples interacciones sociales, para las cuales no estaba preparado ni los gobiernos, ni la ciudadanía. Las medidas restrictivas a la movilidad impuestas por el Gobierno Nacional, produjeron una serie de cambios no solo en las dinámicas sociales y en las transacciones legales, sino también en el contexto criminal. El objetivo de este estudio es entender el comportamiento espacio-temporal del hurto en el área metropolitana de Pereira, Colombia, y comparar este comportamiento en tiempos normales y en tiempos de pandemia. Se obtuvieron los datos por medio de la consulta del aplicativo Siedco para la ciudad estudiada en la ventana temporal 2019-2021. El análisis espacial se realizó utilizando la técnica conocida como "identificación de patrones para redes de eventos espaciotemporales (Ipree)." La evidencia empírica observada permite concluir que existe una configuración espaciotemporal que define la dinámica de los hurtos en la ciudad de Pereira y estos patrones se pueden explicar desde la teoría de los entornos generosos del crimen.

A contingência provocada pela COVID-19 deu origem a múltiplas interações sociais para as quais nem os governos nem os cidadãos estavam preparados. As medidas restritivas de mobilidade impostas pelo governo nacional produziram uma série de mudanças não apenas na dinâmica social e nas transações legais, mas também no contexto criminal. O objetivo deste estudo é compreen-der o comportamento espaço-temporal do roubo na área metropolitana de Pereira, Colômbia, e comparar este comportamento em tempos normais e em tempos de pandemia. Os dados foram obtidos consultando a aplicação Siedco para a cidade estudada na janela de tempo 2019-2021. A análise espacial foi realizada utilizando a técnica conhecida como "identificação de padrões para redes de eventos espaço-temporais (Ipree)." As evidências empíricas observadas nos permitem concluir que existe uma configuração espaço-temporal que define a dinâmica do roubo na cidade de Pereira e estes padrões podem ser explicados a partir da teoria dos ambientes de crime generoso.

Câncer de reto: qual a melhor técnica para excisão total do mesorreto laparoscópica ou robótica? / Rectum cancer: which is the best technique for total excision of the mesorectum laparoscopic or robotic?

Introdução: As operações laparoscópicas, assistidas por robô e a abertas são técnicas cirúrgicas comumente utilizadas na vida diária. A viabilidade e os resultados em curto e longo prazos dos procedimentos laparoscópicos e robóticos têm sido amplamente relatados. Objetivos: Comparar os dados clínicos e oncológicos da cirurgia assistida por robô e laparoscópica no câncer retal. Métodos: Foram pesquisados o Pubmed/Medline, Embase, e Cochrane Library para artigos relevantes publicados até 2021. Estudos baseados na comparabilidade entre operação assistida por robô e laparoscópica para câncer retal foram designados. Os parâmetros analisados incluíram tempo operatório, conversão para procedimento aberto, perda estimada de sangue, tempo de recuperação da função intestinal, tempo de internação, vazamento da anastomose e complicações pós-operatórias. Resultados: Operação assistida por robô foi associada com maior tempo operatório (342 vs.192 min na cirurgia laparoscópica, p<0,001), menor conversão para procedimento aberto, menor tempo de internação hospitalar e recuperação mais rápida da função intestinal, menores complicações pós-operatórias de forma significativa (p=0,041). A perda estimada de sangue, a taxa de vazamento da anastomose e os resultados oncológicos, incluindo o número de linfonodos extraídos, não mostraram diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Conclusão: A cirurgia assistida por robô para câncer retal mostrou maior tempo operatório, menor conversão, taxas de recuperação da função intestinal mais rápidas e menor permanência no hospital. Seus resultados oncológicos forram semelhantes à cirurgia laparoscópica.

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery, robot-assisted surgery and open surgery are the most commonly used surgical techniques in daily living. The feasibility and short- and long-term results of laparoscopic and robotic procedures have been widely reported. Objectives: To compare the clinical and oncological results of robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library were searched for relevant articles published until 2021. Studies based on comparability between robot-assisted and laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer were designed. The parameters analyzed included operative time, conversion to open surgery, estimated blood loss, bowel function recovery time, length of hospital stay, anastomosis leak, and postoperative complications. Results: The robot-assisted surgery group was associated with longer operative time (342 vs. 192 min in laparoscopic surgery,p <0.001), lower conversion to open surgery, shorter length of hospital stay, faster bowel function recovery and lower postoperative complications significantly (p=0.041). Estimated blood loss, anastomosis leak rate, and oncological outcomes including the number of lymph nodes extracted showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: Robot-assisted surgery for rectal cancer showed longer operative time, lower conversion, faster bowel function recovery rates, shorter hospital stay, and similar oncological outcomes compared to laparoscopic surgery.

O uso de robôs como mediadores na prática clínica psicanalítica com crianças autistas / El uso de robots como mediadores en la práctica clínica psicoanalítica con niños autistas / The use of robots as mediators in psychoanalytical clinical practice with autistic children / L'utilisation de robots comme mediateurs dans la pratique clinique psychanalytique avec enfants autistes

Esta proposta, a partir da clínica psicanalítica, demonstra como o uso do robô, enquanto objeto tecnológico, poderá permitir à criança autista, no tratamento, maior interação e laço com o Outro. Faz-se uma aposta de que as intervenções mediadas pelo robô podem proporcionar um semblante das operações constitutivas do sujeito que não se realizaram. Considerando que os componentes da borda autística possibilitam ao sujeito enlaçar-se no meio social, destacam-se as possibilidades de "alargamento" dessa borda autística a partir de intervenções qualificadas como objeto. Assim, o uso do robô nas sessões torna as intervenções menos invasivas à criança, permitindo certa regulação pulsional, favorecendo um caminho privilegiado de comunicação e intervenção, e produzindo maior interação social

Nuestra propuesta en este artículo es demostrar, desde la clínica psicoanalítica, cómo el uso del robot, como objeto tecnológico, puede permitir al niño autista, en el tratamiento, una mayor interacción y lazo con el Otro. Apostamos a que las intervenciones mediadas por el robot pueden proporcionar un semblante de las operaciones constitutivas del sujeto que no se hicieron realidad.Considerando que los componentes del borde autístico le permiten al sujeto vincularse en el entorno social, se destacan las posibilidades de «dilatar¼ este borde autístico desde intervenciones calificadas con objeto. Así, el uso del robot en las sesiones hace con que las intervenciones sean menos invasivas para el niño, permitiendo una cierta regulación pulsional, favoreciendo un camino privilegiado de comunicación e intervención, produciendo una mayor interacción social

Our proposal, from the psychoanalytic clinic, is to demonstrate how the use of the robot, as a technological object, may allow the autistic child, in the treatment, greater interaction and bond with the Other. We place a bet that interventions mediated by the robot can provide a semblance of the subject's constitutive operations that have not taken place. Considering that the components of the autistic border allow the subject to bond in the social environment, the possibilities of 'widening' this autistic border are highlighted from qualified interventions with object. Thus, the use of the robot in the sessions makes the interventions less invasive to the child, allowing a certain drive regulation, favoring a privileged path of communication and intervention, producing greater social interaction

Notre proposition, à partir de la clinique psychanalytique, c'est de démontrer comme l'utilisation du robot, en tant qu'objet technologique, pourra permettre à l'enfant autiste, dans le traitement, des plus grands interaction et lien avec l'Autre. On parie que les interventions facilitées par le robot peuvent promouvoir un semblant des opérations constitutives du sujet qui n'ont pas été réalisées. En considérant que les composants de la borde autistique permettent au sujet de se lier au milieu social, on distingue les possibilités d''élargissement' de cette borde autistique à partir des interventions qualifiées avec objet. Ainsi, l'utilisation du robot dans les sessions rendent les interventions moins invasives pour l'enfant, en permettant une certaine régulation pulsionnelle qui favorise un chemin privilégié de communication et intervention, en ayant comme résultat une plus grande interaction sociale

S100B level and cognitive dysfunction after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy procedures: a prospective observational study / Nível de S100B e disfunção cognitiva após prostatectomia radical laparoscópica assistida por robô: estudo observacional prospectivo

Abstract Background: The present study investigated the association between Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction (POCD) and increased serum S100B level after Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RALRP). Methods: The study included 82 consecutive patients who underwent RALRP. Serum S100B levels were determined preoperatively, after anesthesia induction, and at 30 minutes and 24 hours postoperatively. Cognitive function was assessed using neuropsychological testing preoperatively, and at 7 days and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Twenty four patients (29%) exhibited POCD 7 days after surgery, and 9 (11%) at 3 months after surgery. Serum S100B levels were significantly increased at postoperative 30 minutes and 24 hours in patients displaying POCD at postoperative 7 days (p = 0.0001 for both) and 3 months (p = 0.001 for both) compared to patients without POCD. Duration of anesthesia was also significantly longer in patients with POCD at 7 days and 3 months after surgery compared with patients without POCD (p = 0.012, p = 0.001, respectively), as was duration of Trendelenburg (p = 0.025, p = 0.002, respectively). Composite Z score in tests performed on day 7 were significantly correlated with duration of Trendelenburg and duration of anesthesia (p = 0.0001 for both). Conclusions: S100B increases after RALRP and this increase is associated with POCD development. Duration of Trendelenburg position and anesthesia contribute to the development of POCD. Trial Registry Number: Clinicaltrials.gov (N° NCT03018522).

Resumo Introdução: O presente estudo investigou a associação entre Disfunção Cognitiva Pós-Operatória (DCPO) e aumento do nível sérico de S100B após Prostatectomia Radical Laparoscópica Assistida por Robô (PRLAR). Métodos: O estudo incluiu 82 pacientes consecutivos submetidos à PRLAR. Os níveis séricos de S100B foram determinados: no pré-operatório, após indução anestésica, e aos 30 minutos e 24 horas do pós-operatório. A função cognitiva foi avaliada com testes neuropsicológicos no pré-operatório, no 7° dia pós-operatório (7 DPO) e aos 3 meses após a cirurgia (3 MPO). Resultados: Observamos 24 pacientes (29%) com DCPO no 7 DPO e 9 pacientes com DCPO (11%) após 3 meses da cirurgia. Quando comparados com os pacientes sem DCPO, os níveis séricos de S100B estavam significantemente aumentados aos 30 minutos e às 24 horas do pós-operatório nos pacientes que apresentaram DCPO no 7 DPO (p= 0,0001 para os dois momentos) e 3 meses após a cirurgia (p= 0,001 para os dois momentos) A duração anestésica também foi significantemente maior em pacientes com DCPO no 7 DPO e 3 MPO em comparação com pacientes sem DCPO (p= 0,012, p= 0,001, respectivamente), assim como a duração da posição de Trendelenburg (p= 0,025, p= 0,002, respectivamente). O escore Z composto nos testes realizados no 7 DPO foi significantemente correlacionado com a duração da posição de Trendelenburg e a duração da anestesia (p= 0,0001 para ambos). Conclusão: S100B aumenta após PRLAR e o aumento está associado ao desenvolvimento de DCPO. A duração anestésica e o tempo decorrido em posição de Trendelenburg contribuem para o desenvolvimento de DCPO. Número de registro do estudo: Clinicaltrials.gov (n° NCT03018522)

¿Por qué se denuncian delitos patrimoniales ante la policía? Una evaluación empírica para el Perú / Why are property crimes reported to the police? An empirical assessment for Peru / Por que os crimes contra o patrimônio são denunciados à polícia? Uma avaliação empírica para o Peru

Resumen Perú no solo tiene una de las mayores tasas de victimización en Latinoamérica (24%), sino también la menor en delitos denunciados (15%) (Latinobarómetro, 2016). En este trabajo, el objetivo fue identificar las características del crimen y las características individuales que predicen la decisión de denunciar cuatro delitos patrimoniales distintos (robo de hogares, de auto, de autopartes y de moto). Para ello, se emplearon siete años de una encuesta de hogares a nivel nacional en Perú (2010-2016). Las estimaciones se realizaron mediante regresión logística multinivel de efectos mixtos a fin de controlar las características del ambiente que también influyen en la decisión de denuncia. El uso de arma de parte del delincuente es el factor que eleva en mayor proporción la probabilidad de denunciar cualquiera de los cuatro delitos evaluados. La victimización reiterada es también un predictor importante, aunque para menos delitos. La confianza en la policía no está asociada a la decisión de denunciar. Este estudio es el primero que analiza cuantitativamente los factores que afectan la decisión de denunciar en el Perú. Sus resultados son útiles para un mejor entendimiento de la baja tasa de denuncias en el país.

Abstract Peru has not only one of the highest victimization rates in Latin America (24%), but also the lowest rate of reported crimes (15%) (Latinobarometro, 2016) The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the crimes and the characteristics of the individuals that predict the decision of reporting four different property crimes (burglary, auto theft, auto parts theft, and motorcycle theft). To this end, a seven-year survey of households at the national level in Peru was used (2010-2016). The estimations were made using multilevel mixed effects logistics regression, in order to control for characteristics of the environment that also influence the decision to report. Use of a weapon by the criminal is the factor that most increases the probability of reporting any of the four assessed crimes. Repeated victimization is also an important predictor, although for a lower number of crimes. Trust in the police is not associated to the decision to report. This is the first study to quantitatively analyze the factors that affect the decision to report in Peru. Its results are useful for a better understanding of the low reporting rates in the country.

Resumo O Peru não apenas tem uma das taxas mais altas de vitimização em América Latina (24%), mas também a mais baixa em crimes denunciados (15%) (Latinobarómetro, 2016). Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi identificar as características do crime e as características individuais que predizem a decisão de denunciar quatro diferentes crimes patrimoniais (furto de casa, carro, autopeças e motocicleta). Para isso, foram utilizados sete anos de dados de uma pesquisa domiciliar nacional no Peru (2010-2016). As estimativas foram feitas usando regressão logística multinível de efeitos mistos a fim de controlar as características ambientais que também influenciam na decisão de denunciar. O uso de arma de fogo pelo delinquente é o fator que aumenta em maior proporção a probabilidade de denúncia de qualquer um dos quatro crimes avaliados. A vitimização repetida também é um indicador importante, embora para menos crimes. A confiança na polícia não está associada à decisão de denunciar. Este estudo é o primeiro a analisar quantitativamente os fatores que afetam a decisão de denunciar no Peru. Seus resultados são úteis para um melhor entendimento da taxa baixa de denúncias no país.

Robo1-specific chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cell therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with liver metastasis

We present a case of Robo1‑specific chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR‑NK) cell therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomawith liver metastasis in a 46‑year‑old male. The patient was treated with Robo1‑specific CAR‑NK cell infusion. Liver metastasis wastreated with percutaneous Robo1‑specific CAR‑NK Cell injection. In the 1st month, the patient received Robo1‑CAR‑NK intravenousinjection on days 1 and 3 and percutaneous injection on days 2 and 4 every week, respectively, and the dosage administered was1×109 Robo1‑ specific CAR‑NK cell, respectively. The patient continuously received Robo1‑CAR‑NK intravenous injection once aweek. An evaluation was conducted every 2 weeks. The patient was safely applied the therapy with no substantial adverse effects.Pancreatic lesion was controlled within 5 months. Karnofsky Performance Score and child stage of the patient did not change greatlyduring the therapy, and the patient’s overall survival time was 8 months

Isquemia miocárdica secundaria a fenómeno de robo de flujo por fístulas coronarias: reporte de caso / Myocardial ischemia secondary to flow steal phenomenon by coronary fistulas: case report / Isquemia miocárdica secundária ao fenômeno de roubo de fluxo por fistulas coronárianas: relato de caso

Resumen: Las fístulas coronarias son una comunicación anómala directa entre las arterias coronarias y las cavidades cardíacas o alguno de los vasos sanguíneos próximos al corazón. Son poco comunes, con una incidencia angiográfica entre 0,1%-2%. Dependiendo de la magnitud de robo coronario, pueden ser asintomáticas o causar cuadros clínicos graves con alta repercusión funcional, como isquemia miocárdica, insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, endocarditis, infecciones recurrentes del aparato respiratorio o en casos raros hipertensión pulmonar. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con fístulas coronarias que ocasionaron isquemia miocárdica por robo de flujo coronario con importante repercusión clínica y hemodinámica. El diagnóstico definitivo se llevó a cabo mediante intervencionismo coronario percutáneo y dadas las características anatómicas de las fístulas, se determinó tratamiento médico.

Summary: Coronary fistulas are an anomalous direct communication between the coronary arteries and one of the four cardiac cavities or one of the blood vessels near the heart, are uncommon with an angiographic incidence between 0.1% - 2%, and, depending of the magnitude of coronary steal, they may be asymptomatic or cause severe clinical symptoms with high functional repercussion, such as myocardial ischemia, congestive heart failure, endocarditis, recurrent respiratory infections or, in rare cases, pulmonary hypertension. We present a case of a female patient with coronary fistulas that caused myocardial ischemia due to coronary flow steal with important clinical and hemodynamic repercussions. The definitive diagnosis was made through percutaneous coronary intervention and given the anatomical characteristics of the fistulas, medical treatment was determined.

Resumo: As fístulas coronarianas são uma comunicação anômala direta entre as artérias coronárias e uma das quatro cavidades cardíacas ou um dos vasos sanguíneos próximos ao coração; são incomuns com uma incidência angiográfica entre 0,1% - 2% e, dependendo da magnitude do roubo coronariano, podem ser assintomáticos ou causar sintomas clínicos graves, com alta repercussão funcional, como isquemia miocárdica, insuficiência cardíaca congestiva, endocardite, infecções respiratórias de repetição ou, em raros casos, hipertensão pulmonar. Apresentamos um caso de uma paciente com fístulas coronarianas que causaram isquemia miocárdica por roubo de fluxo coronariano com importante repercussão clínica e hemodinâmica. O diagnóstico definitivo foi feito por meio de intervenção coronariana percutânea e, dadas as características anatômicas das fístulas, foi determinado tratamento médico.

Effect of electroacupuncture on muscular atrophy and Slit/Robo signaling in sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord tissues in rats with sciatic nerve injury / 针刺研究

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Huantiao"(GB30) and" Zusanli"(ST36)on muscular atrophy and expression of Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein(srGAP)1, 2 and 3 in the injured sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord tissues in sciatic nerve injury (SNI) rats, so as to reveal its mechanisms underlying improvement of peripheral nerve injury (PNI)．. METHODS: A total of 120 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into control, sham-operation, model and EA groups (n＝30 rats in each) which were further divided into 7, 15 and 23 d subgroups (n＝10 rats in each subgroup). The SNI model was established by transecting the right sciatic nerve beneath the piriformis and immediately subsequent end-to-end suture. Rats of the sham operation group received an incision of the corresponding skin and suture. EA (5 Hz/20 Hz, 2－3 mA) was applied to the right GB30 and ST36 for 15 min, once daily, 6 days a week separately for 1，2 and 3 weeks. Rats in the sham-operation and model groups were grasped in the similar procedure as the EA group. The wet weight of gastrocnemius muscles (WWG) on both sides was measured to calculate the recovery rate (weight of the right WWG/weight of the left WWG×100%), and the expression levels of srGAP1, srGAP2 and srGAP3 proteins in the sciatic nerve and the spinal cord (L4-L6) tissues were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: After modeling and compared with the control and sham-operation groups, the recovery rate of WWG was significantly reduced, and the expression levels of srGAP1, srGAP2 and srGAP3 proteins of the sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord on day 7, 15 and 23 were considerably increased in the model group (P<0.01). Following the EA treatment, the reco-very rate of WWG was obviously increased and the expression levels of srGAP1, srGAP2 and srGAP3 proteins of both sciatic nerve and spinal cord on day 7, 15 and 23 were further significantly up-regulated in the EA group relevant to the model group (P<0.05，P<0.01). In addition, the expression levels of the 3 proteins in both sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord peaked on day 15 and attenuated on day 23. CONCLUSION: EA of GB30 and ST36 may relieve gastrocnemius atrophy in SNI rats, which is related to its function in up-regulating the Slit/Robo signaling in the sciatic nerve and lumbar spinal cord to promote the axonal targeting regeneration and repair of axonal plasma nutrition transportation.

Effect of Slit2 on high glucose-induced renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and its mechanism / 解放军医学杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of Slit2/ROBO1 protein (Slit2/ROBO1) signaling pathway in high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) and its mechanism. Methods: Human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) were cultured in vitro and subjected to high glucose concentration and time gradient experiments. First, for concentration gradient experiment, the sample was randomly divided into normal group, control group 1, control group 2, high glucose group 1, high glucose group 2. While for high glucose time gradient experiment, the sample was randomly divided into normal group, control group, high glucose 24 h group, high glucose 36 h group and high glucose 48 h group. Western blotting was used to detect the expression changes of Slit2, ROBO1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin in HK-2 cells, and then the optimal high glucose stimulation concentration and time were screened out. Slit2 over-expressed plasmid and negative control plasmid were transfected into HK-2 cells to verify the successful transfection, the cells were then randomly divided into normal group, control group, high glucose group, high glucose empty group and high glucose Slit2 group. The total protein was extracted after stimulation with optimal high glucose concentration and time, and Western blotting was then performed to detect the change in expression of fibronectin and α-SMA. Results: In the high glucose concentration gradient experiment, the expression of Slit2 declined significantly in high glucose group 1(0.647±0.048) and high glucose group 2(0.210±0.023) than in the normal group (1.000±0.050); the expression of ROBO1 declined significantly in high glucose group 1(0.703±0.041) and high glucose group 2(0.303±0.022) than in the normal group (1.000±0.057); while the expression of fibronectin increased significantly in high glucose group 1(1.953±0.042) and high glucose group 2(2.997±0.078) than in the normal group (0.990±0.059), and the expression of α-SMA increased significantly in high glucose group 1(1.767±0.012) and high glucose group 2(2.427±0.059) than in the normal group (1.033±0.067), all the differences were of statistical significance(P<0.05). Compared with the high glucose group 1, the expressions of Slit2 and ROBO1 decreased, and of fibronectin and α-SMA increased significantly in the high glucose group 2(P<0.05). In the high glucose time gradient experiment, compared with the normal group, the expressions of Slit2 in high glucose 36 h group and high glucose 48 h group decreased (0.943±0.032 vs. 0.557±0.020, 0.450±0.055, respectively), and the expression of ROBO1 decreased (1.000±0.058 vs. 0.600±0.023, 0.227±0.028, respectively). Compared with the normal group, the expression of fibronectin increased significantly in high glucose 24 h group, high glucose 36 h group and high glucose 48 h group (0.970±0.040 vs. 1.247±0.052, 1.733±0.084, 2.780±0.090, respectively), and the expression of α-SMA increased significantly in high glucose 24 h group, high glucose 36 h group and high glucose 48 h group (1.033±0.067 vs. 1.277±0.041, 1.767±0.120, 2.537±0.078, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose 24 h group, the expression of Slit2 declined significantly in high glucose 36 h group and high glucose 48 h group(0.893±0.034 vs. 0.557±0.020, 0.450±0.055, respectively), and the expression of ROBO1 declined significantly (0.930±0.025 vs. 0.600±0.023, 0.227±0.028, respectively), the expressions of fibronectin and α-SMA increased significantly with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose 36 h group, the expression of Slit2 and ROBO1 declined significantly, and the expression of fibronectin and α-SMA increased significantly in high glucose 48 h group (P<0.05). In the high glucose environment, and achieving Slit2 overexpression and negative control plasmid transfection, the expression of fibronectin increased significantly in high glucose group, high glucose+empty group and high glucose+Slit2 group (2.760±0.012, 2.667±0.027, 1.460±0.034, respectively) than in normal group (1.000±0.058); the expression of α-SMA increased also in high glucose group, high glucose+empty group and high glucose+Slit2 group (2.487±0.048, 2.557±0.037, 1.270±0.017, respectively) than in normal group (1.000±0.050) with statistical significance (P<0.05). Compared with the high glucose+empty group, the expression of fibronectin and α-SMA declined significantly in the high glucose+Slit2 group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The decreased expression of Slit2 and ROBO1 is involved in the high glucose-induced renal tubular EMT. Overexpression of Slit2 may significantly inhibit the high glucose-induced EMT.

Mercados legales de objetos robados: compraventa de computadoras portátiles robadas en mercados de Lima / Legal markets of stolen goods: trading of stolen laptops in Lima markets / Mercados legais de objetos roubados: compra e venda de computadores portáteis roubados, em mercados de Lima

Resumen Este artículo tiene como objetivos: i) describir las rutas de circulación de computadoras portátiles robadas en cuatro mercados del centro de Lima, ii) analizar los factores que inciden en la transformación de precio de las computadoras portátiles robadas, iii) determinar el carácter legal de los mercados en los que se comercializan estos objetos y iv) analizar la importancia del comercio de computadoras en la economía de los vendedores finales. Se ha recolectado información a través de entrevistas a vendedores, compradores y ladrones; a través de observaciones en terreno; y a través del método de informante-actor (asistiendo a los mercados para consultar precios de objetos robados). Los resultados muestran un circuito de fases concatenadas para la circulación de los objetos robados, donde a la fase inicial de la obtención (robo), le siguen las fases de acopio, acondicionamiento y venta final. El estudio muestra la importancia de la oferta final, realizada enmercados legales. Se trata de mercados autorizados para la venta de objetos de procedencia lícita en donde se insertan objetos robados, dada la alta precariedad y permeabilidad de los controles.

Abstract This document has stated as objectives: i) to describe the circulation paths of stolen laptops in four markets in Lima downtown; ii) to analyze the factors that influence in the price transformation of the stolen laptops; iii) to determine the legal character of the markets where these goods are traded; and iv) to analyze the importance of computers trade in the economy of the final sellers. The information has been collected by interviewing sellers, buyers and thieves, also through field observations and informant-actor method (visiting markets for asking prices of stolen goods). The results show a route of phases linked for the stolen objects circulation. The initial phase of the obtainment process (theft) is followed by the phases of storing, conditioning and final sale. This study presents the importance of the final offer carried out in legal markets, which are authorized markets for selling goods from licit sources, but stolen objects are placed there, because of the high precariousness and permeability of the controls.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivos: i) descrever as rotas de circulação de computadores portáteis roubados em quatro mercados do centro de Lima; ii) analisar os fatores que incidem na transformação do preço dos computadores portáteis roubados; iii) determinar o caráter legal dos mercados em que são comercializados esses objetos e; iv) analisar a importância do comercio de computadores na economia dos vendedores finais. Coletou-se informação por meio de entrevistas com os vendedores, compradores e ladrões, da observação do terreno e da metodologia informante-ator (comparecimento aos mercados, para consulta de preços dos objetos roubados). Os resultados mostram um conjunto de fases concatenadas para a circulação dos objetos roubados, no qual a fase inicial é a obtenção (roubo), seguida pelas fases de recolhida, acondicionamento e venda final. O estudo apresenta a importância da oferta final realizada em "mercados legais". Trata-se de mercados autorizados para a venda de objetos de procedência lícita, onde são inseridos objetos roubados, dadas a alta precariedade e a permeabilidade dos controles.

USP33 suppresses lung adenocarcinoma lung cell invasion and metastasis by down-regulating SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling pathway / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of USP33 as an independent prognostic marker in the regulation of SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling pathway to inhibit lung adenocarcinoma invasion and metastasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of USP33 in 20 lung adenocarcinoma specimens was detected by qPCR and immunohistochemistry. A549 and SPC-A-1 cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated USP33 silencing were examined for changes in invasion and metastasis abilities using scratch assay and Matrigel assay. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of SLIT2 and ROBO1 in the cells after USP33 silencing and the expression of USP33 after interleukin-6 (IL-6) stimulation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>qPCR and immunohistochemistry showed that USP33 was significantly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues as compared with the adjacent tissues. USP33 silencing in A549 and SPC-A-1 cells significantly promoted the cell migration, invasion and metastasis and obviously down-regulated the expressions of SLIT2 and ROBO1. IL-6 stimulation of the cells obviously enhanced the expression of USP33.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>USP33 silencing can promote the migration, invasion and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells , and the mechanism may involve IL-6 and SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling pathways.</p>

Contemporary surgical treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia / Tratamento cirúrgico contemporâneo da hiperplasia prostática benigna

Summary Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in adult men and its incidence increases progressively with aging. It has an important impact on the individual's physical and mental health and its natural progression can lead to serious pathological situations. Although the initial treatment is pharmacological, except in specific situations, the tendency of disease progression causes a considerable portion of the patients to require surgical treatment. In this case, there are several options available today in the therapeutic armamentarium. Among the options, established techniques, such as open surgery and endoscopic resection using monopolar energy, still prevail in the choice of surgeons because they are more accessible, both from a socioeconomic standpoint in the vast majority of medical services and in terms of training of medical teams. On the other hand, new techniques and technologies arise sequentially in order to minimize aggression, surgical time, recovery and complications, optimizing results related to the efficacy/safety dyad. Each of these techniques has its own peculiarities regarding availability due to cost, learning curve and scientific consolidation in order to achieve recognition as a cutting-edge method in the medical field. The use of bipolar energy in endoscopic resection of the prostate, laser vaporization and enucleation techniques, and videolaparoscopy are examples of new options that have successfully traced this path. Robot-assisted surgery has gained a lot of space in the last decade, but it still needs to dodge the trade barrier. Other techniques and technologies will need to pass the test of time to be able to conquer their space in this growing market.

Resumo A hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) é uma condição comum em homens adultos, de incidência progressiva com o envelhecimento, com importante impacto nas saúdes física e mental do indivíduo e história natural que pode levar a situações patológicas graves. Embora o tratamento inicial, salvo em situações específicas, seja farmacológico, a tendência de progressão da doença leva uma considerável parcela dos pacientes a necessitar do tratamento cirúrgico. Neste caso, existem diversas opções hoje disponíveis no arsenal terapêutico. Dentre estas, as técnicas consagradas, como as cirurgias por via aberta e a ressecção endoscópica por energia monopolar, ainda ocupam extenso terreno na escolha dos cirurgiões por serem mais acessíveis, tanto do ponto de vista socioeconômico na imensa maioria dos serviços médicos quanto do de aprendizado por parte das equipes médicas. Por outro lado, novas técnicas e tecnologias surgem sequencialmente no intuito de minimizar a agressão, o tempo cirúrgico, as complicações, bem como favorecer a recuperação, otimizando resultados em relação ao binômio eficácia/segurança. Cada uma destas tem seu próprio curso em relação à disponibilidade de acesso em decorrência de custo, curva de aprendizagem e consolidação científica, a fim de atingir conceituação e utilização de ponta no meio médico. O uso da energia bipolar na ressecção endoscópica da próstata, as técnicas de vaporização e enucleação a laser e a videolaparoscopia são exemplos de novas opções que trilharam esse caminho com sucesso. A cirurgia robô-assistida tem conquistado bastante espaço na última década, embora ainda esbarre na barreira comercial. Outras técnicas e tecnologias devem passar pelo crivo do tempo para poderem cavar espaço neste mercado que, tempo após tempo, torna-se mais vasto.

Multifunctional Robot at low cost for small farms / Robô multifunctional de baixo custo para agricultura familiar

ABSTRACT: In this study was developed a three-dimensional robotic device, equipped with a system of actuators, sensors, and controllers to do the individual irrigation of plants in low-cost greenhouses for family farming. After the development were carried out the data collection in the field. In the data analyzing, reported that there was no statistical difference between means for manual irrigation and robotics in the development of agronomic variables of stem height, stem diameter and number of leaves, concluding that the robotic irrigation promoted a lower coefficient of variation and a lower standard deviation in the samples.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um dispositivo robótico tridimensional, dotado de um sistema de atuadores, sensores e controladores para realizar a irrigação individual de plantas em estufas agrícolas de baixo custo para a agricultura familiar. Após o desenvolvimento foram realizadas as coletas de dados em campo, analisando-se os dados, constatou-se que não houve diferença estatística entre médias para a irrigação manual e robótica no desenvolvimento das variáveis agronômicas de altura de caule, diâmetro de caule e número de folhas, podendo concluir que a irrigação robotizada promoveu um menor coeficiente de variação e um menor desvio padrão nas amostras coletadas.

Over-expression of ROBO4 reduces permeability of human renal glomerular endothelial cells in high glucose medium / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of over-expression of ROBO4 on permeability of human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) in high glucose medium.Methods HRGECs infected with recombinant lentiviral vector ROBO4 were cultured in high glucose or low glucose medium in vitro.The protein levels of ROBO4 and ARF6 in each group were detected by Western blotting.The endothelial permeability was measured by the effiux of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FITC-Dextran)permeated through the monolayer endothelial cells using Transwell cell model system.The cell viability after lentivirus transfection was measured by CCK8 assay.Results The transfection rate of lentiviruses in HRGECs reached 80％ 72h after,and obvious overexpression of ROBO4 protein was in transformed cells compared with the empty vector group (P＜0.05).The lentivirus-mediated ROBO4 transfection did not affect cell viability of HRGECs.Compared with the low glucose group,the expression of ROBO4 increased obviously after 12h,but declined after 24h (P＜0.05),and reached to minimun after 72h (P＜0.05).On the contrary,the expression of ARF6 increased after 12h,and the increase reached to the maximum after 72h (P＜0.05).Furthermore,the vascular permeability increased gradually after 24h,and reached to the maximum after 72h (P＜0.05) in high glucose group.Compared with the empty vector group,the over-expression of ROBO4 inhibited the expression of ARF6 significantly,and the FITC-Dextran permeability reduced obviously.Conclusion Over-expression of ROBO4 may significantly enhance the barrier functions of HRGEC in high glucose medium,and ROBO4 activation may be a potential therapeutic approach in diabetic nephropathy.

Robótica na assistência ao idoso com doença de alzheimer: as vantagens e os desafios dessa intervenção / Robotics in assistance to elderly with alzheimer's disease: the advantages and intervention of that challenges

A crescente demanda de idosos com doença de Alzheimer (DA) faz da dependência da assistência uma realidade cada vez maior. Neste sentido, a robótica surge como uma das possíveis alternativas de amparo a esses idosos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar mediante revisão de literatura a robótica na assistência para idosos com DA, no mundo e no Brasil, e discutir o impacto social e as limitações causados pela utilização dessas tecnologias. Utilizou-se o método de revisão sistemática com pesquisa em bases de dados científicos como SciELO, PubMED, LILACS, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, SAGE e Scopus, cujos descritores foram pesquisados nos portais de Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e nos Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). A ferramenta State of the Art through Systematic Review (StArt) foi utilizada com a finalidade de sumarizar os estudos. Selecionamos artigos de acesso livre e acesso restrito. Identificaram-se 132 artigos científicos, dos quais 19 foram selecionados pela ferramenta StArt. O período de coleta dos dados foi entre os anos de 2012 a 2014. Dentre os projetos desta revisão, observou-se que grande maioria pode ser utilizada em idosos nos estágios leves e moderada da DA, dado que, nestes estágios, as funções motoras e cognitivas ainda não estão totalmente comprometidas. Identificou-se nos resultados desta revisão que diversas tecnologias apresentadas necessitam da assistência do cuidador para programações prévias dos equipamentos. Assim, preparar os cuidadores torna-se importante para o correto funcionamento destas tecnologias. Embora a aquisição de tecnologias avançadas como, por exemplo, um robô facilite a autonomia e possibilite maior independência, o fortalecimento de vínculos afetivos e das relações interpessoais são aspectos insubstituíveis para a qualidade de vida do idoso. (AU)

The increasing demand of elderly people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) makes the dependence of the assistance an increasing reality, in this sense; robotics emerges as one of the possible alternatives of protection for these elderly. The objective of this study was to identify, through literature review, robotics in the care of elderly people with AD in the world and in Brazil, and to discuss the social impact and limitations caused by the use of these technologies. We used the systematic review method with research in scientific databases such as SciELO, PubMED, LILACS, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, SAGE, Scopus, whose descriptors were searched in the Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS) portals and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The State of the Art through Systematic Review tool (StArt) was used for summarizing the studies. We have selected articles of free access and restricted access. A total of 132 scientific articles were identified, of which 19 were selected by the StArt tool. The data collection period was between the years of 2012 to 2014. Among the projects of this review, it was observed that the great majority can be used in the elderly in the mild and moderate stages of AD, since, at these stages, the motor and Are not yet fully committed. It was identified in the results of this review, that several technologies presented need the assistance of the caregiver for previous schedules of the equipaments. Thus, preparing caregivers becomes important for the correct functioning of these technologies. Although the acquisition of advanced technologies, such as a robot facilitates autonomy and allows greater independence, the strengthening of affective bonds and interpersonal relationships are irreplaceable aspects for the quality of life of the elderly. (AU)

Expression and clinical significance of ROBO4/ARF6 signal pathway in renal glomerulus tissue of patients with diabetic kidney disease / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of ROBO4/ARF6 and its correlation to glomerular endothelial cells (MGECs) permeability at each pathological stage of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Methods Thirty patients with DKD were enrolled (patient group), and their renal tissues obtained by biopsy were divided into incipient, manifest and advanced stages (10 each) with Tervaert pathological staging, and confirmed normal renal tissues adjacent to the renal angiomyolipoma were assigned as control group. Immunohistochemistry method of MaxVision was used to detect the expression of ROBO4/ARF6 in the specimens, and then the correlation of the expression with the clinicopathological parameters (patients' HbA1c, albuminuria, serum creatinine, eGFR) were determined using statistical software SPSS 21.0. Results ROBO4 was abundantly but ARF6 rarely expressed in normal MGECs. In DKD patients, ROBO4 was mainly expressed in MGECs, while ARF6 was expressed in both MGECs and renal tubular epithelial cells. Compared with the control group, the positive intensity of ROBO4 in patient group decreased significantly (P0.05), but was positively correlated with 24h-urinary albumin (r=0.603, P<0.01) and HbA1c (r=0.582, P<0.01). Conclusion The low expression of ROBO4 and high expression of ARF6 in MGECs of DKD patients suggest that ROBO4/ARF6 signaling pathway may participate in the DKD glomerular endothelial and vascular pathological injury and urinary protein increase.

Effect of lipopolysaccharide on expression of Robo4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 实用医学杂志

Objective To observe the effects of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in different concentrations on expression of Robo4 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods HUVECs were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 3 groups: control group, low dose LPS group (10 μg/mL) and high dose LPS group (100 μg/mL). Robo4 protein level was detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blot , and Robo4 mRNA level was measured by real-time PCR. Results Robo4 protein and Robo4 mRNA in high dose LPS group were 0.49 ± 0.08 and 0.23 ± 0.08 respectively , which were significantly decreased than those (1.35 ± 0.15 and 0.97 ± 0.17) in control group(P 0.05). Conclusion High dose LPS (100 μg/mL) could down-regulate expression of Robo4 in HUVECs.

The study of inhibit the Slit/Robo pathway on vascular restenosis after angioplasty in rabbits / 实用医学杂志

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of down-regulating Silt2/Robo 1 signaling pathway on rabbit iliac artery after angioplasty restenosis. Methods The 30 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into 3 groups , namely the blank group , the control group , and the experimental group , 10 rabbits in each group. Hign-fat feeding , the rabbits were produced endothelial denudation of iliac artery stenosis model. Another 4 weeks of feeding , percutaneous balloon angioplasty was performed. Then R5 antibody was injected into the abdominal cavity. After 4 weeks of feeding ,angiography again. The results of angiography was analysied by image workstation. The concentrations of Slit2 and Robo1 was detected by ELISA. The iliac artery tissue examined by HE staining. Results The rabbit iliac artery after angioplasty restenosis animal model was set up successfully. Compared with the control group and the experimental group , the serum concentration of Slit2 and Robo1 were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the blank group. But in the experimental group, the Slit2 and Robo1 serum concentrations were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05) after R5 antibody intervention. The area ratio stenosis and diameter stenosis rate of iliac artery were reduced that confirmed by angiography. Conclusion The expression of Slit2/Robo1 was significantly higher in the rabbit model of vascular restenosis. R5 antibody can effectively inhibit the expression of Slit2/Robo1. Down regulation of Slit2/Robo1 signaling pathway in the treatment of restenosis after angioplasty in rabbits.

Co-occurrence of syndrome of horizontal gaze palsy with progressive scoliosis with stroke in young: a case report.

Horizontal Gaze Palsy with Progressive Scoliosis (HGPPS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome of hind brain maldevelopment associated with ocular and skeletal manifestations. To the best of our knowledge there have been no case reports from India although a family of Indian decent has been reported from Saudi Arabia. The clinical and MRI features along with its co-occurrence with stroke in young will be described in this paper.