ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To further determine the relationship between blood donor role cognition and blood donation behavior, then prepare of blood donor role identity scale(BDRIS). 【Methods】 The preparation of the scale was divided into five stages. It includes literature retrieval, expert interview, construction of the basic framework of the scale, scale test and statistical index test. The study focused on items selection, dimensions identification, measurement reliability, content and structural validity. 【Results】 The blood donor role identity scale consisted of 35 items. Exploratory factor analysis divided the items into six common factors, including role identity, role expectation, current situation of blood collection and supply, role conflict, external reward and blood donation experience. The α of scale was 0.840. 【Conclusion】 The reliability and validity of the scale meet the basic measurement requirements, and the framework of the blood donor role scale is basically formed. It can be used as one of the means to explore the ways and mechanisms of the role identity of blood donors in blood donation behavior.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between primipara′s mother role identity with depression and anxiety . Methods Totally 213 primiparas in our hospital were selected .The self -designed Primipara′s Mother Role Recognizing Scale , Self‐Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self‐Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were applied to measure the mother role identity ,anxiety and depression degrees before delivery ,at postpartum 1 week and puerperium period .Results The anxiety value at postpartum 1 week were extremely significantly higher than that before delivery and at the puerperium period (P<0 .01);the depression value at postpartum 1 week were extremely significantly higher than that before delivery and at the puerperium period (P<0 .01);the total scores of role playing ,role adaptation and role identity at the puerperium period were significantly higher than those at postpartum 1 week(P<0 .05);primipara′s anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with the primipara′s mother role identity (r=-0 .03- -0 .30) .Conclusion The degree of mother role identity is negatively correlated with the parturition event progress ,iden‐tity process and moods of depression and anxiety .
ABSTRACT
El concepto de autoeficacia se reconoce en la actualidad como una de las variables predictoras del cambio conducta y del mantenimiento de comportamientos que pueden ser benéficos en la salud. En un gran número de investigaciones en torno a la autoeficacia, se ha señalado que los hombres se perciben como más autoeficaces que las mujeres (Caprara et al. 2008; Durndell, Haag & Laithwaite, 2000; Meece, Bower Glienke & Burg, 2006; Zeldin & Pajares, 2000). Al respecto, se considera que estas diferencias se derivan de factores socioculturales como la identidad de género y el proceso de socialización (Pajares & Valiante, 2001), no obstante, tal relación ha sido poco explorada. El propósito de la presente investigación fue delimitar de qué forma los componentes de la identidad de género bajo una perspectiva multifactorial impactan en la percepción de autoeficacia de adultos de la ciudad de México. Se aplicó la escala de Autoeficacia de Sherer et al., (1982) y el Inventario Multifactorial de Identidad de Género (Rocha, 2004). Los resultados sugieren patrones de relación diferenciales, bajo los cuales existen rasgos, roles, creencias y actitudes que se asocian directamente a una menor percepción de autoeficacia tanto en hombres como en mujeres. Los resultados son discutidos desde la implicación que tiene la socialización tradicional y la transición en los roles y rasgos identitarios en hombres y mujeres sobre su autoeficacia.
The concept of self-efficacy is receiving increasing recognition as a predictor of health behavior change and maintenance. Most of the research about self-efficacy and gender suggest that men are more self-confident that women (Caprara et al. 2008; Durndell, Haag & Laithwaite, 2000; Meece, Bower Glienke & Burg, 2006; Zeldin & Pajares, 2000). Some researchers have suggested that gender differences in self efficacy stem from sociocultural factors as gender identity and socialization process (Pajares & Valiante, 2001) however that relationship has not been explored. This study is aimed to investigate how gender role identity from multifactorial perspective, impacts the perception of self-efficacy between both sexes in Mexico City. We used the Self-Efficacy Scale of Sherer et al., (1982) and the Multifactorial Gender Role Inventory of Rocha (2004). The results suggest that there are some differential paths of relationship between both variables; there are some gender roles, traits, attitudes and beliefs that are more related with a high perception of self-efficacy in both sexes. The results are discussed from effects of traditional gender socialization and also from effects of transitional gender role identity in men and women's perception of self-efficacy.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This investigation was carried out to understand how various sex role identities in female college students affect attitudes on the sexual violence. METHODS: From September 1, 2008 to September 30, 2008, the questionnaire composed of instruments developed by Park (2002) and Shin (2004) was distributed to 295 female college students. Frequency, chi2 test, ANOVA were conducted for data analysis using SPSS/WIN 10.0 Program. RESULTS: In the four kinds of sex role identity, Androgyny type was most common (30.7%). There was significant difference between the sex role identity and communication for conflict. Subjects have positive attitudes on the sexual violence. And there was significant difference between the sex role identity and attitudes on the sexual violence. CONCLUSION: Sex role identity has to be considered in research and practice about sexual violence. The program that focus on problem solving of sexual education for subjects who were undifferentiated typed group, should be provided.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Education , Gender Identity , Problem Solving , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sex Offenses , Sexual Behavior , Statistics as TopicABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of the gender role identity and quality of life of women applying hormone replacement therapy with hysterectomy and to identify the relation among these variables.The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of the gender role identity and quality of life of women applying hormone replacement therapy with hysterectomy and to identify the relation among these variables. METHODS: The subjects were 121 outpatients applying hormone replacement therapy with hysterectomy at a university hospital in Busan province. The data were collected using self-reported questionnaire and medical record, from September to October 2008. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the degree of quality of life according to the age, educational level, occupation, family economic status, Body Mass Index (BMI), menopause state, duration to restarting intercourse from hysterectomy, discomfort from intercourse, satisfaction from intercourse and duration, sources, and formulation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The femininity identity group occupied the largest proportion (31.4%), and then the masculinity identity group (28.1%), the undifferentiated identity group (26.4%), and finally the androgyny identity group (14.1%). There was a positive correlation between femininity and quality of life (r=.276, p=.002). CONCLUSION: These results indicate that HRT helps the women's sense of loss caused by hysterectomy to be reduced, the postmenopausal symptom after hysterectomy to be relieved and the quality of life to be improved.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , Femininity , Gender Identity , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Hysterectomy , Masculinity , Medical Records , Menopause , Occupations , Outpatients , Quality of Life , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was to survey the university student's sex role identity type, sexual consciousness, sexual behaviors, and sexual impulse. METHODS: The subjects were 332 university students who were eligible and agreed to participate in this study. Data were collected from May 22 to June 9, 2007. RESULTS: Difference of sex role identity type by gender was that the androgyny was the most prevalent. There was a difference in sex role identity type which was classified by gender. Boy students were high in undifferentiation, where as girl students were high in androgyny. In difference of sexual consciousness and sexual behaviors and sexual impulse by gender, it showed that boy students were higher girl students. Difference of sexual consciousness by sex role identity type was high in masculinity. CONCLUSION: To improve positively the attitudes to sexuality of students who have had undifferentiation type, it need to provide various sexual education and sexual counselling.
Subject(s)
Humans , Consciousness , Gender Identity , Masculinity , Sexual Behavior , SexualityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study intends to investigate gender role identity and egalitarianism consciousness among adolescents and to determine the relationship between the two factors. METHOD: Data were collected from 376 middle and high school students in U City. Tools used were the Korean Sexual Role Identity (Kim, J. H., 2005) and the Gender Egalitarianism Consciousness among Adolescents (Kim, 2002). Data were analyzed using SPSS 12.0 for t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between boys and girls in gender role identity. Boys' gender role identity was different according to school grade (t=-3.19, p=.00), frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.28, p=.02) and girls' according to religion (t=-2.24, p=.03), mother's job (F=3.59, p=.02), father's education level (F=3.20, p= .04), mother's education level (F=3.24, p=.04), family harmony (F=7.28, p=.00), and frequency of mother's hugging (t=-2.41, p=.02). There was significant difference in egalitarianism consciousness according to gender (t=-12.70, p=.00). Boys' egalitarianism consciousness was different according to school type (t=.02, p=.00) and father's education level (F=4.97, p=.02), and girls' according to school grade (t=-4.21, p=.00), school type (t=-3.12, p=.00), father's level of education (F=3.78, p=.02), decision maker of important domestic matter (F=4.95, p=.00) and frequency of mother's hugging (t=2.53, p=.01). In Girls, sexual role identity and gender egalitarianism consciousness were significantly correlated with each other (r=.01, p=.04). CONCLUSION: Through the study, it was found that boys' concern for sexual equality of was remarkably lower than girls. Therefore, it is necessary to offer curriculums for boys and to start social education for parents.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Consciousness , Curriculum , Education , Gender Identity , ParentsABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: It is important to understand the nature of the identity through the live experiences of Home Care Nurse Practitioner(HCNP) because the role identity of a professional is constructed by continuous social interactions, This study aims to understand the construction of the role identity of HCNP. METHOD: Data was collected from 12 hospital based HCNPs. This study involved two focus group discussion sand four in-depth individual interviews. The main question was "what is the role of HCNP?" The debriefing notes and field notes were analyzed using consistent comparative data analysis method. RESULT: First, Home care (HC) is a small clinic. HCNP brings it to home to provide various services. Second, HC is the real nursing and HCNP is the 'genuine' nurse who actualizes the essence of nursing in practice. Third, HC is empowering activity to promote self-care ability of the patients and their caregivers. Forth, HC is like the dish-spinning required high-level mastery and HCNP is an expert who provides the most appropriate services to the patients. CONCLUSION: HCNPs have the role identity as a highly qualified professional who delivers services from hospital to home, actualizes the essence of nursing in practice, empowers the patients and their caregivers to have self-efficacy to recover, and offers the most appropriate nursing care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Nurse's Role , Nurse Practitioners , Home Care ServicesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: It is important to understand the nature of the identity through the live experiences of Home Care Nurse Practitioner(HCNP) because the role identity of a professional is constructed by continuous social interactions, This study aims to understand the construction of the role identity of HCNP. METHOD: Data was collected from 12 hospital based HCNPs. This study involved two focus group discussion sand four in-depth individual interviews. The main question was "what is the role of HCNP?" The debriefing notes and field notes were analyzed using consistent comparative data analysis method. RESULT: First, Home care (HC) is a small clinic. HCNP brings it to home to provide various services. Second, HC is the real nursing and HCNP is the 'genuine' nurse who actualizes the essence of nursing in practice. Third, HC is empowering activity to promote self-care ability of the patients and their caregivers. Forth, HC is like the dish-spinning required high-level mastery and HCNP is an expert who provides the most appropriate services to the patients. CONCLUSION: HCNPs have the role identity as a highly qualified professional who delivers services from hospital to home, actualizes the essence of nursing in practice, empowers the patients and their caregivers to have self-efficacy to recover, and offers the most appropriate nursing care.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Nurse's Role , Nurse Practitioners , Home Care ServicesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This investigation was carried out to understand how various gender role identity in adolescence affect sexual intercourse. In addition, it was done to support and encourage gender role identity which can protect themselves from physical, psychological, social sexuality. METHOD: From 2003 7.1 to 7.19, questionnaire made by Lee BS(2002) was distributed to 1172 girl high school students in Seoul. Its reliability was as high as 0.80 and it was analysed by SPSS. RESULT: In the 3 kinds of gender role identity, girls who had sexual relations showed higher feminity and masculinity and did not show any difference in social desirability. in the 4 kinds of gender role identity, girls with sexual experience showed higher frequency in oder of androgyny and undifferentiated. In 8kinds, bisexuality was higher and girls with experience showed undifferentiated of low social desirability. There were no difference between the gender role identity and the age of the first sexual experience. The factors that affected gender role identity were school, grade, economic standard and whether they have a girlfriend or boyfriend. CONCLUSION: Programs that focus on problem solving of sexual education for androgyny of sexually high experienced and undifferentiated of low social desirability, should be provided.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Bisexuality , Coitus , Education , Gender Identity , Masculinity , Problem Solving , Surveys and Questionnaires , Seoul , Sexuality , Social DesirabilityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was performed to develope a scale of gender role identity in Korean adults based on the Bem's theory of androgyny. Although there were several tools in Korea, they were revealed having some problems of cultural differences, translation biases, and methodological problems. METHODS: A list of 78 items were developed using the existing tools and descriptions from 5 married couples. The items were the typical personality characteristics which were manifested by gender, male or female. And the list contained several items which were the socially desirable personality characteristics. which would be simply used as contextual items. Validity of the 78 items were screened by 18 expert panels with 4 point Likert scale, and 57 items were judged as highly valid from 70% of the experts, which were selected as preliminary items for the tool. Using the preliminary tool which was developed as a 4 point Likert scale, data were collected from 1,127 subjects for item analysis and factor analysis. 53 items were remained, because 4 items whose item-total correlation were lower than 0.2 were excluded by the result of item analysis. Factor analysis was done with the 53 items, and 49 items whose factor loadings were same and higher than 0.4 were remained. 3 factors were identified with eigen value 2.0, and these factors were named as masculinity, femininity, and social desirability. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: KGRII(Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory) which contained 45 items was developed, with 15 items for 3 factors. The reliability of the tool was very high. Cronbach alpha of the tool was 0.929, and alpha of the subscales were ranged from 0.841 to 0.922.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Bias , Family Characteristics , Femininity , Gender Identity , Korea , Masculinity , Social DesirabilityABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to understand the sex role identity and the meaning in life(MIL) of matriarchs and analyze their relationships to offer basic data for effective nursing strategies for improving MIL. The data for this study was collected from the 10th of August to the 30th of November, 2000. The subjects were women registered in an occupational training program for unemployed matriarchs which is held in the Working Women's Center in Busan. The measurement tools of this study were MIL(unpublished)developed by researchers and sex role inventory designed by Kim Deuk Ran(1992). The results of this study were as follows: 1.Sex role identities of matriarchs were feminity 13.7%, masculinity 13.4%, androgyny 37.8% and undifferentiated 35.1%. 2. The mean MIL for matriarchs was 173.46+/-16.09. 3. The levels of MIL were 57.2% of the subjects felt a loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, 42.8% were in pursuit of meaning but had not discovered it completely and 6.0% felt they had established meaning in life. 4.There were significant differences in MIL levels, concurrent to 4 types of sex role identities(F=11.93, P=.000). And according to Scheffe's post test, between feminity and masculinity, feminity and androgyny, masculinity and the undifferentiated, androgyny and the undifferentiated, there were significant differences. From the results of this study, most matriarchs felt loss of meaning in life, i. e. existential vacuum, and the group with masculine sex role identity had the highest level of MIL. In conclusion, the factors related to masculine sex role identity are necessary to develop nursing strategies for improving levels of MIL.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Education , Gender Identity , Masculinity , Nursing , VacuumABSTRACT
The aims of this study were to identify the effects on sexual role identity and sexual attitude of the A-V programed sexual education on Oct. 1. 1997 through Sep. 30, 2000. The program was focused on the formation of the desirable sexual activity, attitude and androgyny sexual role identity of the Korean adolescents, and that was the 25 minute VTR media "Our sexuality is healthful". This study was non equivalent post-test only quasi-experimental design, and the subjects were 530 middle school boys in Busan, Korea. After the manipulation, the change of sexual role identity and sexual attitude was analysed. Outcome measures were middle school boys' sexual role identity toward KSRI on a seven-point Likert scale and sexual attitudes toward SAS on a five-point Likert scale. The data was analysed by SPSS WIN. The results were summarized as follows: 1) The experimental group who was exposed to the A-V media produced by the author showed the higher score of androgyny sexual role identity than the control group who didn't watch the A-V program. 2) The experimental group showed the higher rate of the androgyny than the control group, On the other hand, their rate of the masculinity turned out to be lower than the latter group. 3) The experimental group didn't show the difference of SAS score from the control group. In conclusion, "Our sexuality is Healthful" A-V program for sexual education brought about the significant change of sexual role identity of the middle school boys, but didn't affect their attitude toward sexual activity.