ABSTRACT
Background@#Weight at birth is a good indicator of the mother’s health and nutrition status during gestation and a child’s chances for survival, growth, long-term health, and psychosocial development. Low birth weight (defined as less than 2500 grams) poses a range of serious health risks for children. @*Objective@#To assess the prevalence of low birth weights (LBW).@*Materials and Methods@#The NNS V was implemented in 21 provinces (aimags) in 4 economic regions (Central, Eastern, Khangai, Western) and the capital city of Ulaanbaatar. A total of 2250 children aged 0-59 months. Given the regional differences in lifestyle and nutrition status, target populations were stratified into 5 strata based on economic region and Ulaanbaatar with equal samples drawn from each stratum using a cluster-randomized sampling design. For the selection of households in urban areas, the process involved first selecting 30 khoroos (clusters), then khesegs, and then households with a child 0-59 months of age.@*Ethical considerations @#The survey methodology was discussed at the Scientific Committee of the Public Health Institute (recently named by National Center for Public Health) and granted the PHI Directors Order on 28th June, 2016. Ethics approval for conducting the NNS V, was obtained from the Medical Ethics Committee under the Mongolian Ministry of Health. @*Results@#Almost all (99.5%) children in the sample were weighed at birth with 5.0% weighing less than 2500 grams at birth and 12.6% weighing over 4000 grams at birth. The prevalence of low birth weight was slightly higher among girls than boys, however high birth weight was much more common in boys (15.9%) compared to girls (9.5%). Prevalence of low birth weight was highest in Western region (9.6%) and the poorest households (7.8%) while the prevalence of high birth weight was highest in Ulaanbaatar (13.8%) and wealthiest households1 (16.4%). High birth weight was more than double among children of overweight (17.5%) and obese (17.3%) mothers compared to children of normal weight (8.4%) or underweight (7.0%) mothers. Among singleton births, women <29 years of age had higher LBW rates than did those 30-39 years of age in both years, irrespective of birth order. LBW rate was more than double among mothers in kazak ethnic groups (13.8%).@*Conclusions@#The younger age of the mother was more likely to develop low birth weight, and it was twice as high among mothers in Kazak ethnic groups. Therefore, adolescents and women of reproductive age needed to improve the health education and to identify the causes and risk factors of low birth weight among mothers in Kazak ethnic groups.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this work was to analyze the prevalence of fetal mortality (FM) in mothers in early adolescence (10-14 years), late (15-19 years) and adults (20-34 years), during the period 2014-2016, in the North Department of Santander-Colombia, taking into account the factors: gestation time, fetal weight, childbirth, basic causes, area of residence and educational level of the mothers. Method: The study is retrospective, correlational, analytical comparative. The database comes from a secondary public access source of the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE-Colombia). The analysis was performed using chi-square, Kruskal-Wallis H, Cramer's V coefficient, Goodman's gamma, Tukey's post-hoc procedures and the Bonferroni method based on Student's t-test. Results: The prevalence of FM for the three consecutive years 2014-2016, it was 10.0 per 1000 live births in mothers in early adolescence, 19.2 in mothers in late adolescence and 18.6 in adult mothers. It was evidenced that the prevalence of FM by pregnancy in less than 22 weeks was higher in adult mothers, before delivery and during childbirth (chi-square = 32.023; p = 0.021), that there is a slight negative relationship between mother's age and weight of the fetus (gamma = -0.186; p = 0.014). The prevalence of FM was higher in adult mothers residing in the municipal seat (chi-square = 80.18; p = 0.000), in mothers with primary, secondary and professional level basic educational level (chi-square = 105.56; p = 0.000) and older in adult mothers due to obstetric complications and birth trauma.
El presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo analizar la prevalencia de mortalidad fetal (MF) en madres en adolescencia temprana (10-14 años), tardía (15-19 años) y adultas (20-34 años), durante el período 2014-2016, en el Departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia, atendiendo a los factores: tiempo de gestación, peso fetal, parto, causas básicas, zona de residencia y nivel educativo de las madres. Método: El estudio es de tipo retrospectivo, correlacional, analítico-comparativo. La base de datos procede de una fuente secundaria de acceso público del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE-Colombia). El análisis se realizó mediante las pruebas de chi al cuadrado, H de Kruskal-Wallis, coeficiente V de Cramer, gamma de Goodman, los procedimientos post hoc de Tukey y del método de Bonferroni basado en el estadístico t de Student. Resultados: La prevalencia de MF para los tres años consecutivos 2014-2016, fue de 10.0 por cada 1000 nacidos vivos en madres en adolescencia temprana, de 19.2 en madres en adolescencia tardía y de 18.6 en madres adultas. Se puso de manifiesto que la prevalencia de MF por gestación en menos de 22 semanas fue mayor en madres adultas, antes del parto y durante el parto (chi al cuadrado = 32.023; p = 0.021), que existe leve relación negativa entre la edad de madre y el peso del feto (gamma = -0.186; p = 0.014). La prevalencia de MF fue mayor en madres adultas residentes en la cabecera municipal (chi al cuadrado = 80.18; p = 0.000), en madres con nivel educativo de básica primaria, secundaria y media profesional (chi al cuadrado = 105.56; p = 0.000) y mayor en madres adultas por complicaciones obstétricas y traumatismo del nacimiento.