Computed Tomography Evaluation of the Paranasal Sinuses in Adults with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Abstract Introduction Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a rare inherited disease that results in a malfunction of mucociliary clearance and sinonasal complaints. Aplasia/hypoplasia of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses has been described as more frequent in this population. However, to date, no studies have provided a detailed description of computed tomography findings in adult patients with a diagnosis of this condition. Objective To describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. Methods Retrospective observational study of adult patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia who underwent CT. Results Twenty-one adults were included in the study. Aplasia occurred in 38.1% of frontal sinuses and in 14.3% of sphenoid sinuses. Likewise, hypoplasia occurred in 47.6% of the frontal sinuses, in 54.8% of the sphenoid sinuses and in 40.5% of the maxillary sinuses. Furthermore, trabecular loss was identified in 61.9% ethmoidal sinuses. The mean Lund-Mackay score was 13.5. In addition, 9.5% of the patients had concha bullosa, 47.6% had marked bilateral inferior turbinate hypertrophy, 38.1% had marked middle turbinate hypertrophy, and 47.6% had marked septal deviation. Finally, we identified images suggestive of fungus ball, mucocele, osteoma, a possible antrochoanal polyp, and frontal bone erosions. Conclusion The present study provides a detailed description of CT findings in patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia. We also describe abnormalities that must be identified for safer surgical planning and that suggest a diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia if found in patients with a consistent clinical picture.

Cases of Orbital Cellulitis Revealing Neglected Intraocular Foreign Bodies

Background: Orbital cellulitis is defined as acute inflammatory orbital swelling of infectious origin. Most often secondary to sinusitis. Intraocular foreign bodies neglected because of their small size, or sometimes radio-transparent nature, can be difficult to diagnose even with radiology and be responsible for orbital cellulitis. We demonstrate the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive study of patients with unilateral orbital cellulitis revealing neglected intraocular foreign bodies, conducted in the Department of Adult Ophthalmology, Hospital August 20, 1953, involving 58 patients, from January 2015 until December 2020.Results: The average age of the patients was 38.5 years. The most affected age group was between 21 and 30 years with a clear male predominance. A decrease in visual acuity was found in all patients (unilateral blindness 43%) and a cellulitis complicated by a purulent melt (43%). All patients received medical treatment, including intravitreal injections of antibiotics in 71% of cases, and surgical treatment consisting of extraction of the foreign body and immediate evisceration of the eyeball in 25% of cases.Conclusion: Orbital cellulitis, although mostly secondary to sinusitis, can reveal various etiologies such as intra-orbital foreign bodies that can go unnoticed and be life-threatening and functionally damaging, especially when the diagnosis is made late and management is inappropriate. The presence of an intraocular foreign body must be suspected in all cases of orbital trauma associated with a palpebral wound, even if it is minimal, or in the presence of a clinical aggravation. Any delay in diagnosis and/or treatment can lead to serious complications that can affect the functional and even vital prognosis. The surgical treatment consists of the extraction of the foreign body. The recourse to evisceration in our context unfortunately continues to persist at high rates; because of the delay of consultation and thus of the management.

Use of magnetic resonance scanner with a linear accelerator during precision radiotherapy for breast cancer / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Magnetic resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) not only offers real time magnetic resonance (MR) imags with high-resolution and good soft tissue contrast to guide the delineation of the target volume during simulation and daily radiotherapy, but also reveals the position and shape changes of the target volumes and organs at risk (OAR) during treatment dynamically, which provides the evidence for the individual-adptive planning revision. Thus, MRgRT has the potential to dramatically impact cancer research and treatment. And this treatment mode is theoretically more suitable for the disease with obvious tissue deformation, such as breast. In this review, application of MR scanner with a linear accelerator (MR-linac) in radiotherapy workflows for breast cancer patients was summarized, and its implications and opportunities on breast cancer irradiation were highlighted.

Machine learning based on automated breast volume scanner radiomics for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the performance of machine learning (ML) based on automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) radiomics in distinguishing benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions.Methods:Between May to December 2020, patients with BI-RADS 4 lesions from the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University (Center 1) and Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Center 2) were prospectively collected and divided into training cohort (Center 1) and external validation cohort (Center 2). The radiomics features of BI-RADS 4 lesions were extracted from the axial, sagittal and coronal ABVS images by MaZda software. In the training cohort, 7 feature selection methods and thirteen ML algorithms were combined in pairs to construct different ML models, and the 6 models with the best performance were verified in the external validation cohort to determine the final ML model. Finally, the diagnostic performance and confidence (5-point scale) of radiologists (R1, R2 and R3, with 3, 6 and 10 years of experience, respectively) with or without the model were evaluated.Results:①A total of 251 BI-RADS 4 lesions were enrolled, including 178 lesions (91 benign, 87 malignant) in the training cohort and 73 lesions (44 benign, 29 malignant) in the external validation cases. ②In the training cohort, the 6 ML models (DNN-RFE, AdaBoost-RFE, LR-RFE, LDA-RFE, Bagging-RFE and SVM-RFE) had the best diagnostic performance, and their AUCs were 0.972, 0.969, 0.968, 0.968, 0.967 and 0.962, respectively. ③In the external validation cohort, the DNN-RFE still had the best performance with the AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 0.886, 0.836, 0.934, 0.776, 86.8% and 82.5%, respectively. ④Before model assistance, R1 had the worst diagnostic performance with the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 0.680, 0.750, 0.640, 57% and 81%, respectively. After model assistance, the diagnostic performance of R1 was significantly improved ( P=0.039), and its diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV improved to 0.730, 0.810, 0.930, 68% and 94%; while the improvement of R2 and R3 were not significantly ( P=0.811, 0.752). Meanwhile, the overall diagnostic confidence of the 3 radiologists increased from 2.8 to 3.3 ( P<0.001). Conclusions:The performance of ML based on ABVS radiomics in distinguishing between benign and malignant BI-RADS 4 lesions is good, which may improve the diagnostic performance of inexperienced radiologists and enhance diagnostic confidence.

Morphométrie et variantes anatomiques des artères digestives vues au Scanner / Morphometric and anatomical variations of digestive arteries view in Computer Tomography

Les artères digestives essentiellement le tronc cœliaque et l'artère mésentérique supérieure présentent plusieurs variantes anatomiques notamment au niveau de leur origine. L'objectif de cette étude était d'illustrer l'anatomie normale ainsi que les variantes anatomiques des artères digestives vues au scanner. Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale portant sur les scanners avec coupes abdominales sans et avec injection de produit de contraste iodé au temps artériel. Le tronc cœliaque et ses branches, l'artère mésentérique supérieure et l'artère mésentérique inférieure ont été étudiés. Nous avons collecté 155 patients. Plusieurs variantes anatomiques fréquentes et multiples ont été retrouvées, dont l'absence de tronc cœliaque (3 cas), le tronc hépato-splénique (12 cas), le tronc hépato-gastrique (2 cas), le tronc gastro-splénique (5 cas) et le tronc coeliacomésentérique (1 cas). Pour l'artère hépatique, il existait les types I (121 cas), II (13 cas), IV (1 cas), V (3 cas) et IX (3 cas) selon la classification de Michels, ainsi que d'autres variantes non classifiées (14 cas). Nous avons trouvé également une artère mésentérique moyenne reliant l'artère mésentérique supérieure de l'artère mésentérique inférieure. Cela justifie l'importance et la nécessité de la réalisation du scanner avant tout acte chirurgical impliquant les artères digestives

Odontologia digital - abordagem histórica e conceitual: uma revisão de literatura / Digital dentistry - historical and conceptual approach: a literature review

Introdução: as inovações tecnológicas contribuem e representam um papel importante em diversos aspectos da vida cotidiana dos indivíduos em sociedade. Diferentes áreas do conhecimento trabalham com as ferramentas tecnológicas e digitais, dentre estas áreas, destaca-se a Odontologia e suas especialidades. A Odontologia digital e suas tecnologias associadas têm se destacado de forma progressiva, abordando desde os planejamentos restauradores de forma virtual, as impressões de modelos em impressora 3D e os métodos de confecção de próteses em fresadoras auxiliadas por computadores. Objetivo: este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura, com uma abordagem conceitual e histórica acerca da Odontologia digital, do escaneamento intraoral e da confecção laboratorial das restaurações indiretas por meio dos sistemas CAD/CAM. Fonte dos dados: a pesquisa na literatura foi feita utilizando-se as bases de dados Medline® (PubMed), Scielo e Bireme com as seguintes palavras chaves: "CAD/CAM", "dental prothesis", "dental porcelain", "digital dentistry", "dental scanner", "digital impression". Síntese dos dados: os estudos demonstraram grandes avanços nas técnicas de moldagem com o escaneamento intraoral permitindo a obtenção de imagens fidedignas dos dentes e estruturas adjacentes de forma precisa, otimizando o tempo clínico. Além disto, o desenvolvimento de novos métodos e materiais dentários tem possibilitado a elaboração de modelos de trabalho, restaurações indiretas e infraestruturas de próteses por meio de um processo totalmente digital. Conclusão: podemos concluir que os estudos reportam resultados promissores com os métodos de trabalho por meio do fluxo digital. Além disso, é notável que esta realidade na Odontologia restauradora e reabilitadora continuará evoluindo e possibilitando o acesso a um maior número de profissionais.

Introduction: technological innovations are important and present an important role in various aspects in lives of individuals in society. Different areas of knowledge working with technological and digital tools, and among these areas, Dentistry and its specialties stand out. In the last decades, digital Dentistry and its associated technologies have been highlighting in a progressive way, approaching from the virtual restorative planning, 3D printed models to the prosthesis manufacturing methods in milling machines aided by computer. Objective: the aim of this study is to reach out a literature review, with a conceptual and historical approach about digital Dentistry, intraoral scanning and laboratory press of indirect restorations with CAD/CAM systems. Sources of data: the literature search was done using Medline® (PubMed), Scielo and Bireme databases with the following keywords: "CAD/CAM", "dental prothesis", "dental porcelain", "3D printing". Synthesis of data: the present work demonstrates a great advance in impression technique with intraoral scan allowing the obtention of trustworthy images from teeth and surrounding structures in a precision way, optimizing clinical time. Furthermore, the development of new methods and dental materials have been allowing the elaboration of dental work cast, indirect restorations and prosthesis infrastructures in a fully digital process. Conclusion: it is possible to conclude that the articles report promising results with working methods through the digital flow. Besides that, it is remarkable that this reality in restorative and rehabilitation dentistry will be in a continuous evolution and allowing access to a greater number of professionals.

3D Printing in Dental Science / Impresión 3D en la Ciencia Odontológica

3D printing is a technology that describes a manufacturing process previously planned and designed in a computer to create an object 1,2. This technology was introduced in dentistry by Chuck Hull since 1986 and allowed the automation and thus improved dental workflow 2. Technologies used in 3D printing involves: Stereolithography (SLA), bioprinting, fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), and PolyJet printing. We can choose one of them depending on the clinical use and material, need of accuracy among others. To 3D printing you need to use a scanner with an integrated software in order to capture the 3D images of the object being scanned. Those 3D images are stored in Standard Tessellation Language (STL) file 3. But what "Tessellation" means? Tessellation is the covering process of a surface, using one or more geometric shapes, with no overlaps and no gaps. It meansthat the object scanned is copied in detail with high reliability and then can be printed.

La impresión 3D es una tecnología que describe un proceso de fabricación previamente planificado y diseñado en un computador para crear un objeto. Esta tecnología fue introducida en odontología por Chuck Hull desde 1986 y permitió la automatización y, por lo tanto, mejoró el flujo de trabajo del consultorio. Las tecnologías utilizadas en la impresión 3D incluyen: estereolitografía (SLA), bioimpresión, modelado por deposición fundida (FDM), sinterización selectiva por láser (SLS) e impresión PolyJet. Podemoselegir uno de ellos dependiendo del uso clínico y material, necesidad de precisión entre otros.Para la impresión 3D, debe usar un escáner con un software integrado para capturar las imágenes 3D del objeto que se escanea. Esas imágenes 3D se almacenan en el archivo de Lenguaje estándar de teselado (STL). Pero, ¿qué significa "Teselado"? El teselado es el proceso de recubrimiento de una superficie, utilizando una o más formas geométricas, sin superposiciones ni espacios. Significa que el objeto escaneado secopia en detalle con alta confiabilidad y luego se puede imprimir.

Value of conventional ultrasound combined with automated breast volume scanner in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis in invasive ductal carcinoma / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of conventional ultrasound combined with automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) in predicting axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed in 96 patients in the General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from January 2014 to December 2020. All patients were examined by conventional ultrasound and ABVS before treatment. The patients were divided into the ALNM group and non-axillary lymph node metastasis (N-ALNM) group according to the postoperative pathological results. The differences of ultrasound parameters between the two groups were compared, and Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent predictive factors of ALNM. The ROC curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy for ALNM.Results:Compared with the N-ALNM group, the ALNM group had the characteristics of larger long diameters, unclear boundary, uneven internal echo, Adler blood flow grade Ⅱ-Ⅲ and retraction phenomenon (all P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the long diameter, uneven internal echo, and retraction phenomenon were independent predictors of ALNM ( OR=1.051, 4.055, 3.493, all P<0.05). The area under curve of ALNM was 0.752(0.653-0.834), the sensitivity and specificity were 54.7% and 83.7%, respectively. Conclusions:The long diameter, uneven internal echo, and retraction phenomenon measured by conventional ultrasound and ABVS are independent predictors of ALNM. The combination of the three can provide imaging references for the evaluation of ALNM of breast cancer.

Precisión de los sistemas de impresión digital intraoral en odontología restauradora: Una revisión de la literatura / Accuracy of Intraoral Digital Impression Systems in Restorative Dentistry: A Review of the Literature

Abstract: La impresión intraoral permite al odontólogo obtener directamente los datos de las piezas dentales que se requiera rehabilitar, otorgándole mayor precisión y eliminando así de la fase clínica la toma de impresión y la fabricación del modelo, aspectos sensibles a errores. El objetivo de la presente revisión es identificar el sistema de impresión digital intraoral más preciso y además identificar los factores que afectan a la precisión de esta en odontología restauradora. Mediante una revisión bibliográfica con búsqueda en las bases de datos de PubMed y Embase se obtuvieron 153 artículos, luego de la evaluación cualitativa se incluyeron en la revisión 14 que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se determinó que la experiencia del dentista, la convergencia en la preparación dental y la terminación cervical son determinantes al momento de la toma de impresión digital, sin embargo, el uso o no de polvo no es relevante. El sistema de impresión digital Lava C.O.S., iTero y True definition son los más precisos dependiendo siempre del tipo de rehabilitación a realizar.

Abstract: Digital impresión allows the dentist to directly obtain the data of the dental pieces that neet to be rehabilitated, giving it greater precisión and thus eliminating the impression and manufacturing of the dental model, error-sensitive aspects of the clinical phase. The aim of this review is to identify the most accurate intraoral digital impression system and identifiy the factors that affect the accuracy in the restorative dentistry. Through a bibliographic review with search in PubMed and Embase databases, 153 articles were obtained, after qualitative evaluation they were included in the revisión 14 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. It was determined that the experience of the dentist, the convergence in the dental preparation and the cervical termination are decisive at the accuracy of the digital impression, however, the use or not of dust is not relevant. The Lava C.O.S., iTero and True definition are the most accurate always depending on the type of rehabilitation to be performed.

Research on a segmentation and evaluation method combining tooth morphology features / Investigación sobre un método de segmentación y evaluación que combina características morfológicas dentales

SUMMARY: To explore a new semi-automatic method to segment the teeth from the three-dimensional volume data which acquired from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner. Scanned dental cast models are used to evaluate the segmentation accuracy. The CBCT data are loaded to ORS software. Based on gray value, a semi-automatic method was used to segment teeth and then the segmented teeth were saved in STL format data. Smooth the mesh data in the Geomagic Studio software. The upper and lower dental cast models were scanned by a white light scanner and the data was saved in STL format too. After registering the model data to teeth data, the deviation between them was analyzed in the Geomagic Qualify. All teeth could be obtained, the method is simple to use and applied in orthodontic biomechanics. The entire process took less than 30 minutes. The actual measured Root Mean Square (RMS) value is 0.39 mm, less than 0.4 mm. This method can segment teeth from the jaw quickly and reliably with a little user intervention. The method has important significance for dental orthodontics, virtual jaw surgery simulation and other stomatology applications.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar un nuevo método semiautomático para segmentar los dientes a partir de datos de volumen tridimensional adquiridos mediante escáner de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT). Los modelos escaneados de moldes dentales se utilizan para evaluar la precisión de la segmentación. Para los datos CBCT se utilizó el software ORS, y basado en el valor gris, se usó un método semiautomático para segmentar los dientes los que posteriormente se guardaron en datos de formato STL. Los datos se ingresaron en el software Geomagic Studio. Los modelo dentales superior e inferior se escanearon con un escáner de luz blanca y la información también se guardó en formato STL. Después del registro y comparación de los datos del modelo y los datos de los dientes, la desviación entre estos se analizó en el programa Geomagic Qualify. Usando este método fue posible obtener de forma fácil todos los dientes y además aplicar en la biomecánica de ortodoncia. El proceso completo demoró menos de 30 minutos. El valor real medido de la raíz cuadrada media fue de 0,39 mm, menos de 0,4 mm. Este método puede segmentar los dientes mandibulares de forma rápida y confiable, con una mínima intervención del usuario. El método tiene una importancia crítica para la ortodoncia, simulaciones virtuales de las cirugías de la mandíbula y otras aplicaciones en estomatología.

Determining the Amino Acid Composition of Soybean Proteins Using IR Scanners

The amino acid composition of plant-based proteins consists of twenty individual amino acids and is expressedas the ratio of each of them to the sum of all (expressed as percentage). Sixteen of twenty amino acids included inthe composition of plant-based proteins are most effectively determined on the liquid chromatographers. Thetechnology of high-performance liquid chromatography is to a certain extent costly both in time and in samplepreparation, which makes this method unsuitable for mass analysis; for example, for evaluating a breedingmaterial. In this case, the suggested method based on scanning in the near infrared radiation band is moreefficient. Despite the fact, that IR-scanners are able to determine a sufficiently large number of components onthe basis of one calibration equation, a constant correction is required when it is needed to determine thecomposition of amino acids and reduce it to a percentage ratio. The options for creating calibration equations(models) for determining the amino acid composition of soybean proteins for computer programs (Nir 42, ISI)which provide the operation of IR-scanners, such as NIR-4250 or FOSS NIRSistem 5000 (FOSS Analytical A/S,Denmark) are considered in the article. It was found that when creating calibration equations, it is most correctto set for each amino acid its mass content (g per 100 g of protein), and not the relative portion (in %), as it hasalso been done in other methods described in the literature.

Full mouth rehabilitation of a severely worn dentition using intraoral scanner and the CAD/CAM double scanning technique / 대한치과보철학회지

With the evolution of the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology, the intraoral scanners are playing an increasingly important role, as they are the first step towards a completely digital workflow. The CAD/CAM double scanning technique has been used to transfer the information from provisional restorations to definitive restorations. In this case, a 67-year-old male with esthetically compromised anterior teeth, generalized severe attrition of teeth, and reduced vertical dimension was treated with full mouth rehabilitation including a re-establishment of the lost vertical dimension of occlusion assisted by the crown lengthening procedure. The provisional restorations were fabricated using an intraoral scanner and the CAD/CAM double scanning technique. After the period of adaption, the definitive monolithic zirconia restorations were delivered. The CAD/CAM double scanning technique successfully transferred the occlusal and morphological characteristics, obtained from the provisional restorations, to the definitive restorations.

Image Quality of Coronary CT Angiography (CCTA) using 640-slice Scanner: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessments of Coronary Arteries Visibility (Kualiti Imej Tomografi Berkomputer Angiografi Koronari Menggunakan Mesin Pengimbas 640 Hirisan: Penilaian Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif ke atas Keterlihatan Arteri Koronari) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) using 640-slice scanner. Advancement of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) technology with higher spatial, temporal resolution, and increasing detector array have improved the image quality and diagnostic accuracy of CCTA. A total of 25 patients (12 men and 13 women) underwent CCTA examination was chosen and data was acquired by 640-slice scanner. All 16 segments of coronary arteries were evaluated by two reviewers using a 4-likert scale for qualitative assessment. In quantitative assessment, the evaluation of 4 main coronary arteries were analysed in terms of signal intensity (SI), image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). All 25 patients with a mean age of 52.88 ± 14.75 years old and body mass index (BMI) of 24.24 ± 3.28 kg/m2 were analysed. In qualitative assessment, from the total of 400 segments, 379 segments (95%) had diagnostic value while 21 segments did not have diagnostic value, which means 5% artefact was detected. In quantitative assessment, there was no statistical differences in gender, race, and BMI (p>0.05). Overall evaluation showed that higher SI at the left main artery (LM) at 393.7 ± 47.19. Image noise was higher at right coronary artery (RCA) at 39.01 ± 13.97. SNR and CNR showed higher at left anterior descending (LAD) with 12.73 ± 5.17 and LM 9.14 ± 4.2, respectively. In conclusion, this study indicates that 640-slice MDCT has higher diagnostic value in CCTA examination with 95% vessel visibility with 5% artefact detection.

Radiation Dose Comparison in CT Thorax, CT Abdomen and CT Thorax-Abdomen-Pelvis (TAP) Using 640-and 160-Slice Computed Tomography (CT) Scanners (Perbandingan Dos Sinaran dalam Pemeriksaan Tomografi Berkomputer (CT) Toraksik, Abdomen dan Toraksik-Abdomen-Pelvis (TAP) antara 640 dan 160 Hirisan) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#This study was carried out to compare the effective dose, size specific dose estimation (SSDE) and scan length between genders and between CT scanner with different slice number. A total of 245 set data of radiation dose and scan length for CT scanning procedure involving thorax, abdomen and pelvis regions were obtained retrospectively for comparisons. 111 patients (60 males and 51 females) were scanned using 160-slices CT scanner while 134 patients (71 males and 63 females) were scanned using 640-slices CT scanner. Generally, there were no significant differences in the radiation dose and scan length among genders. However, differences for SSDE in CT thorax and CT thorax-abdomen-pelvis (TAP) protocols exist whereby in CT thorax protocol, 640-slices CT scanner had a significantly higher value of SSDE (9.06±2.67 mGy) than that in 160-slices CT scanner (7.82±1.33 mGy). Similarly to the CT TAP protocol, whereby 640-slices CT scanner had a significantly lower value in SSDE (9.17±1.59 mGy) than that in 160-slices CT scanner (10.76±3.72 mGy). In conclusion, there was no significant difference in the radiation dose and scan length between genders but significant difference was only observed in SSDE due to the presence of body size variation among the study population especially in different CT scanners.

3D printing as a diagnostic tool for congenital malformation in a brachycephalic dog / Impressão 3D como ferramenta de diagnóstico para malformação congênita em cão braquicefálico

ABSTRACT: Congenital anomalies are hereditary or acquired, and their location and intensity are determining factors for the survival of animals. Some cases are rare, often unidentified, poorly reported and of unknown etiology. This paper reports a congenital malformation in a French bulldog, demonstrating the importance of accurate diagnosis for surgical decisions. The use of new technologies such as computed tomography and rapid prototyping enables the analysis of morphofunctional changes, resulting in excellent results for clinical cases in which it is difficult to identify and scale the anatomical deformities. Through this feature, it is possible to accurately recreate anatomical structures of interest, enabling greater assertiveness in deciding the treatment to be established, whether surgical or not. Castration of animals that survive this condition due to hereditary etiology is recommended.

RESUMO: Anomalias congênitas possuem caráter hereditário ou adquirido, sendo que sua localização e intensidade são fatores determinantes para a sobrevivência do animal. Algumas são raras, muitas vezes não identificadas, pouco relatadas e com etiologia desconhecida. O presente trabalho registra um caso de malformação congênita em um bulldog francês, demonstrando a importância do diagnóstico preciso para a decisão cirúrgica. A utilização de novas tecnologias como tomografia computadorizada e prototipagem rápida possibilitam a análise de alterações morfofuncionais, tendo ótimo resultado para casos clínicos em que há dificuldade em identificar e dimensionar deformidades anatômicas. Através desse recurso é possível recriar com precisão estruturas anatômicas de interesse, possibilitando maior assertiva na decisão do tratamento a ser estabelecido, sendo ele cirúrgico ou não. É recomendada a castração dos animais que sobreviveram a essa condição, devido a etiologia hereditária.

Assessment of ROOT Dentin Translucency For age Estimation: The First Comparative Study of Conventional, Stereomicroscopic & Digital Methods

Introduction: Age estimation has always been a crucial concern in permissible and scandalous investigations for establishing one’s identity. Assessment of chronological age of an individual by dental hard tissues is an important specialty in the turf of forensics especially in enigmatic conditions including mass disasters and festering postmortem residues. Teeth bestowing the properties of hardness, resilience prove to be the reliable material for age estimation in the identification of the unknown. Translucency in root dentin is considered to be one of the best criteria for estimation or assessment of dental age. Objectives: The present investigation evaluates and compares the effectiveness of conventional, stereomicroscopic and digital methods for age estimation by measuring root dentin translucency & concluding the best method among them. Methods: A total of 30 permanent teeth of the age group 21- 80 years were sectionioned longitudinally of thickness 250µm & translucency in root dentin was calculated using conventional, stereomicroscopic & digital methods and was compared. Results: There was no statistically considerable difference (p=0.584) observed in translucency length obtained by the three methods. Linear regression equations derived from the three methods revealed most accurate method as digital followed by conventional and stereomicroscopic to assess age. The digital method is statistically significant with highest accuracy allowing better visualization, easy to use and less time consuming. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the benefits, the present study recommends the use of digital method to assess translucency for age estimation.

Accuracy of 3D digital modeling of dental arches

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the study was to verify and compare the accuracy of full-arch digital impressions obtained using two intraoral scanners and three scanning methodologies. Methods: A resin model created with dental 3-D printing was scanned by a reference scanner (Zfx Evolution - Zimmer Biomet, Palm Beach Gardens, FL) in order to obtain a 3D reference; the same resin model was then scanned with two different intraoral scanners (Zfx IntraScan and Carestream 3600 - CS 3600®, Carestream, Rochester, NY, USA) using: Technique A (from tooth #27 up to tooth #17); Technique B (from tooth #11 up to tooth #17 and then from tooth #21 up to tooth #27) and Technique C (from tooth #22 up to tooth #17, and then from tooth #12 up to tooth #27 - the MeshLab software v. 1.3.3 was then used to match the two scans). The scans obtained were superimposed over the reference scan by means of a software, and the volumetric discrepancies were calculated. Results: The mean results for the Zfx Intrascan scanner were: Technique A = 302.47 ± 37.42 µm; Technique B = 180.45 ± 29.86 µm; Technique C = 147.34 ± 28.23 µm. The mean results for the Carestream 3600 scanner were: Technique A = 303.59 ± 40.20 µm; Technique B = 181.53 ± 29.61 µm; Technique C = 142.28 ± 35.33 µm. Technique C, used by both scanners, produced less volumetric discrepancies compared to the other techniques. Conclusions: The scanning technique had a statistically significant effect on the quality of the scan (p< 0.0001), whereas the scanner did not present any significant influence (p= 0.91).

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar e comparar a precisão de modelos digitais de uma arcada dentária completa obtidos utilizando-se dois tipos de scanners e três metodologias de digitalização. Métodos: um modelo de resina feito com impressão 3D foi digitalizado em um scanner de referência (Zfx Evolution - Zimmer Biomet, Palm Beach Gardens, FL) para se obter uma referência em 3D; o mesmo modelo de resina foi, então, digitalizado com dois scanners intrabucais diferentes (Zfx IntraScan e Carestream 3600 - CS 3600®, Carestream, Rochester, NY, EUA) utilizando: Técnica A (do dente #27 ao dente #17); Técnica B (do dente #11 ao dente #17 e, em seguida, do dente #21 ao dente #27); e Técnica C (do dente #22 ao dente #17 e, em seguida, do dente #12 ao dente #27 - osoftware MeshLab v. 1.3.3 foi, então, usado para mesclar as duas leituras). Em seguida, as imagens digitalizadas foram sobrepostas à imagem de referência, utilizando-se um software, e as discrepâncias volumétricas foram calculadas. Resultados: a média dos resultados para o scanner Zfx Intrascan foram: Técnica A = 302,47 ± 37,42 µm; Técnica B = 180,45 ± 29,86 µm; Técnica C = 147,34 ± 28,23 µm. A média dos resultados para o scanner Carestream 3600 foram: Técnica A= 303,59 ± 40,20 µm; Técnica B = 181,53 ± 29,61 µm; Técnica C = 142,28 ± 35,33 µm. A Técnica C, utilizada em ambos os scanners, produziu as menores discrepâncias volumétricas, quando comparada às outras técnicas. Conclusões: a técnica de digitalização teve um efeito estatisticamente significativo sobre a qualidade do modelo digital (p< 0,0001), enquanto o tipo de scanner usado não apresentou qualquer influência significativa (p= 0,91).

Rehabilitation of a Patient of Traumatic Anotia using Computer Aided Designing and Rapid Prototyping

Introduction: Absence of external auricle predisposes anindividual to a great deal of psychological trauma alongwith functional complications. The conventional methodsof fabrication of auricular prosthesis by duplicating themorphology of the normal contralateral ear are timeconsuming, error-prone and very much subjective in terms ofquality.Case report: The present case report describes rehabilitationof a patient of traumatic anotia of left side with a custommade adhesive retained silicone prosthesis, developed withthe help of computer aided designing and rapid prototypingtechnology.Conclusion: Consistent good quality prosthesis may beobtained using advanced digital technologies that includeoptical scanning, computer-aided designing (CAD) and rapidprototyping (RP) which are more objective in nature.

Prosthetic Rehabilitation of an Orbital Defect Using Computer Aided Designing and Rapid Prototyping

Introduction: The conventional methods of fabrication oforbital prosthesis by facial moulage fabrication and handsculpting are time consuming, error-prone and very muchsubjective in terms of quality. Prosthesis development usingcontemporary technologies like computer aided designing andrapid prototyping is simple, cost effective and also improvesproductivity ensuring enhancement of the technical quality ofcare.Case report: The present case report describes rehabilitationof a patient of left anophthalmic residual defect with a custommade silicone orbital prosthesis retained with spectacle,developed with the help of computer aided designing andrapid prototyping technology.Conclusion: Consistent good quality prosthesis may beobtained using advanced digital technologies that includeoptical scanning, computer-aided designing and rapidprototyping which are more objective in nature.

A review on the accuracy assessment methods of 3-dimensional digital dental models

The aim of this article was to review various methods used to evaluate the accuracy of digital dental models. When evaluating the accuracy of digital models, the errors can be reduced by educating examiners and using artificial landmarks. The accuracy evaluation methods of digital dental models are divided into linear measurement, 2-dimensional cross-sectional analysis, and 3-dimensional best fit measurement. As the technology of scanners develops, many studies have been conducted to compare the accuracy of digital impression and conventional impression. According to improvement of scan technologies and development of 3-dimensional model analysis software, the ability to evaluate the accuracy of digital models is becoming more efficient. In this article, we describe the methods for evaluating the accuracy of a digital model and investigate effective accuracy analysis methods for each situation.