ABSTRACT
O desdobramento dos estudos psicanalíticos em educação e formação é parasitado de tempos em tempos por consignas supostamente psicanalíticas. Nos dias de hoje constata-se a proliferação de referências ao termo real bastantes imprecisas com relação ao uso que Lacan fez do mesmo. O artigo visa esclarecer de forma propedêutica o uso do termo real no pensamento lacaniano no contexto preciso de uma operação singular de subversão do pensamento metafísico. O autor sustenta que o real lacaniano se inscreve no "retorno a Freud" de forma tal que ele constitui tanto a precipitação de uma diferença quanto o estabelecimento de uma continuidade com o pensamento freudiano. O texto objetiva assim o desafio de fazer avançar os estudos no campo, em particular a pergunta do que se transmite na experiência educativa, sobre outras bases que não sejam a repetição ecolálica de certas ideias pouco claras e precisas dos clássicos do pensamento psicanalítico
El desarrollo de los estudios psicoanalíticos en educación y formación es parasitado de vez en cuando por consignas supuestamente psicoanalíticas. En la actualidad proliferan las referencias al término real, bastante imprecisas en relación con el uso que hace Lacan del mismo. El artículo pretende propedéuticamente esclarecer el uso del término real en el pensamiento lacaniano en el contexto preciso de una singular operación de subversión del pensamiento metafísico. El autor sostiene que el real lacaniano se inscribe en el "retorno a Freud" de tal manera que constituye tanto la precipitación de una diferencia como el establecimiento de una continuidad con el pensamiento freudiano. El texto apunta así al desafío de hacer avanzar los estudios en el campo, en particular la cuestión de lo que se transmite en la experiencia educativa, sobre bases distintas a la repetición ecolálica de ciertas ideas poco claras y precisas de los clásicos del pensamiento psicoanalítico
Psychoanalytic studies in education and training are taken from time to time by supposedly psychoanalytic statements. Nowadays, there is a proliferation of references to the term real, which are quite imprecise in relation to Lacan's use of it. The article aims to clarify in a propaedeutic way the use of the term real in Lacanian thought in the precise context of a singular operation of subversion of metaphysical thought. The author argues that the Lacanian real is inscribed in the "return to Freud" in such a way that it constitutes both the precipitation of a difference and the affirmation of a continuity with Freudian thought. The text thus aims to contribute to the advancement of studies in the field, in particular the question about what is transmitted in the educational experience, from other bases than the echolalia repetition of certain imprecise ideas of the classics of psychoanalytic thought
Le développement des études psychanalytiques en éducation et formation est parasité de temps à autre par des slogans supposément psychanalytiques. On assiste aujourd'hui à une prolifération de références au terme «réel¼, assez imprécises par rapport à l'usage qu'en fait Lacan. Cet article vise à éclairer de manière propédeutique l'usage du terme «réel¼ dans la pensée lacanienne dans le contexte précis d'une opération singulière de subversion de la pensée métaphysique. L'auteur soutient que le réel lacanien s'inscrit dans le «retour à Freud¼ de telle manière qu'il constitue à la fois la précipitation d'une différence et l'établissement d'une continuité avec la pensée freudienne. Le texte se donne ainsi pour objectif le défi de faire avancer les études, en particulier la question de ce qui se transmet dans l'expérience éducative, sur d'autres bases que la répétition écholalique de certaines idées floues et imprécises des classiques de la pensée psychanalytique
Subject(s)
Psychoanalysis/education , Psychoanalysis/history , Psychoanalytic Theory , SemanticsABSTRACT
Recently, with the rapid development of new drug research in China, the human mass balance and biotransformation (MBB) studies on innovative drugs are on a track to become indispensable during new drug application. However, traditional analysis method, e.g. mass spectrum, is insufficient to elaborately explain the mass balance and the relative biotransformation of the investigated drugs in human bodies. This problem could be solved by applying radiolabelled technique into these MBB studies, which are more and more popular nowadays. The authors' hospital is one of the first a few organizations to conduct the MBB studies, and has completed almost 20 trials. This review mainly focused on the study design from the investigators' viewpoints, involving the related rules and regulations, both at home and abroad, and the protocol design, so as to provide our thinkings for references and benefit to the new drug clinical trial in the future.
ABSTRACT
The plants of Chloranthaceae are widely distributed and rich in resources in our country, records of ancient herbs indicaded that various species of plants of Chloranthaceae can be used for medicinal purposes, especially the Sarcandra glabra which with the least toxicity and possessed the function of clearing heat and cooling blood, activating blood to eliminate spots and removing wind and dredging collaterals. Based on the theory of herbage and by the method of consulting the past herbal literature, we summarized and analyzed the medicinal history, distribution characteristics of herbage geography, characteristics of herbage ecology, standard collection situation and the modern toxicology research of Chloranthaceae plants. Therefore we explained the scientificity for selection of medicinal herbs of Chloranthaceae plants, and provided a theoretical and scientific basis for further research of Chloranthaceae plants.
ABSTRACT
Elements, including experimental personnel, facili-ties, equipment, apparatus, technology and skills, are essential to carrying out pre-clinical reproductive toxicity research. As to a study , authenticity , normativity , scientificity and innovativeness guarantee the success. These four elements are independent of each other,but mutually supported. Authenticity and scientificity are the footstone and soul, respectively, for drug non-clinical re-productive toxicity research. Normativity guarantees authenticity and scientificity, and innovativeness relies on authenticity. Nor-mativity and scientificity ensure the reliability and dynamics of experimental results which perhaps is an effective way accessing innovation.
ABSTRACT
O presente artigo expõe as coordenadas epistêmicas da psicologia moderna. Entre a metafísica e a física-matemática, é demonstrado o quanto essa disciplina pretende se estabelecer para além de uma trama de conceitos filosóficos, racionalistas ou empiristas. Entre uma concepção clássica de conhecimento e a atividade científica moderna, a psicologia constitui-se com um problema: como atender à exigência de verificação quando se trata do que não é físico? De fato, esse rompimento levou a uma desconsideração do psíquico como tal para privilegiar a observação do comportamento. Devido aos impasses desta solução radical, as questões retornam sob um pretenso "novo" paradigma nas ciências cognitivas, que, em verdade, repetem o velho projeto de redução dessa dimensão ao físico ou à física, ao adotar como modelo a inteligência artificial. O que se pretende mostrar é a fragilidade dessas suposições quando confrontadas com as questões mesmas do cotidiano, justamente por ignorá-las em seu alcance e em sua dimensão próprios. Conclui-se que o discernimento destas coordenadas é fundamental na formação do psicólogo.
The present paper exposes the epistemic coordinates in modern Psychology. Situated between Metaphysics and the Mathematical-Physics, it is demonstrated how much this discipline intends to stablish itself beyond a web of philosophical concepts, either rationalist or empirist. Between a classic conception of knowledge and the modern scientific activity, Psychology constitutes itself with a query: how can it attend to the demand of verification while dealing with something that is not physical? In fact, that rupture conduced to a disregardment of the psyche itself in order to privilege the obsertvation of behavior. Due to the stalemates of this radical response the questions return under an alleged "new" paradigm of the Cognitive Sciences, that, in truth, repeat the the old project of reducing this dimension to the Physical, or the Physics, by adopting the Artificial Inteligence as a model. What is intended is to show frailty of these assumptions when confronted by questions of the quotidian themselves, precisely because ignoring them in their own range and extension. It is concluded that the clearness of such coordinates is fundamental in the psychologist formation.